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Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river with consistently fast flow; densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Copperheads are relatively sedentary, though they may migrate up to at least several hundred meters (232-1183 m in Kansas) between the winter den and summer range (Fitch 1960). In Kansas, first-year young made movements as far as 1 km; typical home range size was about 10 ha for males and 3.4 ha for females (Fitch 1960). An elliptical, 10-ha home range would be substantially less than 1 km in maximum dimension. However, dispersal has not been adequately studied, and it is likely that over the long term significant numbers of individuals of this long-lived species move farther than typical summer-winter migration distance.<br><br>Separation distance for suitable habitat reflects the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent truly independent populations over the long term. <br><br>Separation distance for suitable habitat is approximately five times the maximum known movement for the species.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-12-05T03:37:25.590765Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":960824,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Research is needed on long-term population responses to habitat fragmentation.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":209289,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T06:27:23.550316Z"}],"references":[{"id":100882,"citation":"Ashton, R. 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