{"elementGlobalId":947797,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":3,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Provisional","classificationStatusDescEs":"Provisional","classificationStatusDescFr":"Provisoire"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":6,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Biotics v1","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Canis</i> sp. cf. <i>lycaon</i>","scientificName":"Canis sp. cf. lycaon","scientificNameAuthor":null,"primaryCommonName":"Eastern Wolf","relatedItisNames":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.947797","elcode":"AMAJA01050","conceptRefFullCitation":"Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2015. COSEWIC Assessment Results, May 2015. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.","conceptName":"<i>Canis</i> sp. cf. <i>lycaon</i>","taxonomicComments":"New genetic analyses indicate that the Eastern Wolf is not a subspecies of Grey Wolf.","roundedGRank":"G2","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2019-06-25","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Enns, A.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":947798,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N2","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":947899,"subnation":{"id":69,"nameEn":"Quebec","nameEs":"Quebec","nameFr":"Québec","subnationCode":"QC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":947899,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":792259,"subnation":{"id":67,"nameEn":"Ontario","nameEs":"Ontario","nameFr":"Ontario","subnationCode":"ON","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":792259,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrank":"N2N3","nrankReviewYear":2019,"speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":947798,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T23:57:24.558789Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.947797/Canis_sp_cf_lycaon","grankChangeDate":"2019-06-25","grankReasons":null,"grankReviewDate":"2019-06-25","grank":"G2G3","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":947797,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":11,"popSizeDescEn":"50 - 2500 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 50 a 2.500 individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 50 à 2 500 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"The Eastern Wolf is found mainly in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions of Quebec and Ontario. Its current range covers approximately 210,000 km2, which represents 42 % of its original range in Canada. Its distribution and taxonomic classification (whether it is a species or a sub-species) are currently under review (SARA 2015).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"The number of Eastern Wolves is estimated at 2,000 individuals, 1,000 of which are breeding adults, spread among 500 packs. The highest population densities are found in southwestern Quebec and southeastern Ontario, particularly in Algonquin Park. Although the species has disappeared from the more populated, southern portions of its range, and although some local populations are being hunted at unsustainable levels, the species’ overall abundance seems to have remained relatively stable over the past decade (SARA 2015).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Mortality caused by human activity, such as hunting and trapping; roadkills; industrial, agricultural and residential developments; as well as the abundance of prey, are the main limiting factors for Eastern Wolves. Recent genetic studies have also demonstrated the possibility of hybridization between Eastern Wolves and coyotes, which could be a long-term threat to the sub-species’ genetic integrity (SARA 2015).","shortTermTrendComments":"Although the species has disappeared from the more populated, southern portions of its range, and although some local populations are being hunted at unsustainable levels, the species’ overall abundance seems to have remained relatively stable over the past decade (SARA 2015).","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":947797,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":947797,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":207246,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T06:22:29.264776Z"}],"references":[{"id":759420,"citation":"Bradley, R.D., L.K. Ammerman, R.J. Baker, L.C. Bradley, J.A. Cook. R.C. Dowler, C. Jones, D.J. Schmidly, F.B. Stangl Jr., R.A. Van den Bussche and B. Würsig. 2014. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2014. Museum of Texas Tech University Occasional Papers 327:1-28. Available at: http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/ops/OP327.pdf","shortCitationAuthor":"Bradley et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14BRA01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":759581,"citation":"Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2015. COSEWIC Assessment Results, May 2015. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.","shortCitationAuthor":"COSEWIC","shortCitationYear":2015,"referenceCode":"N15COS01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:30:04.241095Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":145818,"name":"Loup de l'Est","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":947797,"cites":null,"cosewic":{"id":4,"cosewicDescEn":"Threatened","cosewicDescEs":"Amenazado","cosewicDescFr":"Menacée","cosewicCode":"T"},"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":6,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Mammals","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1090},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Mammalia","taxorder":"Carnivora","family":"Canidae","genus":"Canis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":"Threatened/Menacée","saraStatusDate":"2003-06-05","cosewicDate":"2015-05-01","interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":"Reason for Designation: This species is an intermediate-sized canid with a generally reddish-brown/tawny coat. It has a small population size (likely < 1000 individuals) and a restricted range, limited to south-central Ontario and south-central Quebec. Most records come from scattered protected areas, where mortality and rates of hybridization with Eastern Coyotes occurs less frequently than elsewhere in its range. Population expansion is unlikely, owing to competition with Eastern Coyote and increased mortality outside protected areas.<br/><br/>Status History: In 1999, the Eastern Grey Wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) was considered a subspecies of the Grey Wolf and was placed in the Data Deficient category. Status was re-examined (as Eastern Wolf, Canis lupus lycaon) and designated Special Concern in May 2001. New genetic analyses indicate that the Eastern Wolf is not a subspecies of Grey Wolf. In May 2015, a new wildlife species, Eastern Wolf (Canis sp. cf. lycaon) was designated Threatened.","usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Mammals","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":947797,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"The Eastern Wolf inhabits deciduous and mixed forests in the southern part of its range, and mixed and coniferous forests further north (SARA 2015).","generalDescription":"The Eastern Wolf is a smaller form of the grey wolf. Recent genetic analyses have shown that it contains both red wolf and coyote genes. It has a fawn-coloured pelt with long black hairs on the back and sides, and a reddish colour behind the ears. Adult males weigh between 25 and 35 kg, and females weigh between 20 and 30 kg (SARA 2015).","diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":759581,"citation":"Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2015. COSEWIC Assessment Results, May 2015. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.","shortCitationAuthor":"COSEWIC","shortCitationYear":2015,"referenceCode":"N15COS01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:30:04.241095Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}