{"elementGlobalId":902523,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":2,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Invertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal invertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal invertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Coenobita clypeatus</i>","scientificName":"Coenobita clypeatus","scientificNameAuthor":"(J. C. Fabricius, 1787)","primaryCommonName":"Land Hermit","relatedItisNames":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.902523","elcode":"ICMALE3010","conceptRefFullCitation":"McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31. 545 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Coenobita clypeatus</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2014-04-02","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jackson, D. R. (2014)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":902613,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":902705,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":902705,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":902613,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T23:07:23.654556Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.902523/Coenobita_clypeatus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2014-04-02","grankReviewDate":"2014-04-02","grankReasons":"This widespread species has a large range, many occurrences, and is likely to be abundant at many sites despite excessive human exploitation and presumed declines in some localities.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":902523,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":6,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Narrow to moderate.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Estrecho a moderado.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"D’étroit à modéré."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":1,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Highly vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Altamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Très vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":34,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <50% to increase of <25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <50% a aumento de <25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <50 % à augmentation de <25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":15,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Few to very many (4 to >125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Pocos a muchos (4 a >125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De très peu à beaucoup (de 4 à >125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":16,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Unknown whether any occurrences are appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Se desconoce si se protege y controla adecuadamente algúna ocurrencia","numberProtEosDescFr":"Nombre inconnu d’occurrences protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":35,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":32,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000 to >2,500,000 square km (about 8000 to >1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"20.000 a >2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a >1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à >2 500 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à >1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":33,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <50% to Relatively Stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <50% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <50 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Native to western Atlantic region, from southern Florida to Venezuela; range includes Bahamas, Bermuda, Belize, Virgin Islands, and West Indies (Kurta, 1982).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Data needed.","numberEosComments":"Conjecture based on large range; data needed.","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":"Some populations can be very large, but few data are available.  Morrison and Spiller (2006) describe population density variation on Bahamian islands, where local populations can exceed 46 per square meter of vegetated habitat; as such, the species can represent the greatest single source of animal biomass on some islands.","threatImpactComments":"At least in some localities, large numbers are collected and sold (or exported) for the pet trade (one of two species of land hermit crabs commonly sold in U.S.); they are also used as fishing bait.  This has led to overexploitation and decline of some populations, as well as decline in adult body sizes from removal of large mollusk shells (Nieves-Rivera and Williams, Jr., 2003).","shortTermTrendComments":"Varies regionally depending upon level of exploitation for pets and bait.","longTermTrendComments":"Varies regionally depending upon level of exploitation for pets and bait.","inventoryNeeds":"General inventory of populations range-wide.  For each population, record geographic extent, population demographics and densities, types and levels of threats, and kind and degree of protection if any.","numberProtEosComments":"Data needed.","protectionNeeds":"Legal restrictions on collecting would be appropriate in all range countries in which the species is commercially harvested for the pet trade.  This would require a monitoring component to assure that the level of harvesting is sustainable.","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Relative ease of capture has allowed excessive levels of human exloitation (for pets and bait) in some areas (Nieves-Rivera and Williams, Jr., 2003).","enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":902523,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":902523,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Most aspects of its biology require study.  Studies of life history, fecundity, and precise environmental needs would be valuable.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":207151,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T05:55:07.240739Z"}],"references":[{"id":761867,"citation":"de Wilde, P. A. W. J. 1973. On the ecology of <i>Coenobita clypeatus</i> in Curacao, with reference to reproduction, water economy and osmoregulation in terrestrial hermit crabs. Stud. Fauna Curacao 44(144):1-138.","shortCitationAuthor":"deWilde","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"A73DEW01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:03:20.607716Z"},{"id":761853,"citation":"Hazlett, B. A. 1966. Observations on the social behavior of the land hermit crab, <i>Coenobita clypeatu</i>s (Herbst). Ecology 47(2):316-317.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hazlett","shortCitationYear":1966,"referenceCode":"A66HAZ01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:03:20.607716Z"},{"id":489143,"citation":"McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31. 545 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McLaughlin et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05MCL01EHUS","lastModified":"2023-04-07T22:10:09.505563Z"},{"id":761741,"citation":"Morrison, L. W., and D. A. Spiller. 2006. Land hermit crab (<i>Coenobita clypeatus</i>) densities and patterns of gastropod shell use on small Bahamian islands. Journal of Biogeography 33(2):314-322. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01399.x","shortCitationAuthor":"Morrison and Spiller","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06MOR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:03:20.607716Z"},{"id":761724,"citation":"Nieves-Rivera, Á. M., and E. H. Williams, Jr. 2003. Annual migrations and spawning of <i>Coenobita clypeatus</i> (Herbst) on Mona Island (Puerto Rico) and notes on inland crustaceans. Crustaceana 76(5):547–558. doi:10.1163/156854003322316191. JSTOR 20105594.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nieves-Rivera and Williams","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03NIE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:03:20.607716Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":902523,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":null,"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":21,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Crayfish, Shrimp, & Other Crustaceans","level3":"Other Crustaceans","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":16,"distributionStatus":"not","displayOrder":2150},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","taxclass":"Malacostraca","taxorder":"Decapoda","family":"Coenobitidae","genus":"Coenobita","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":false,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Invertebrates","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":902523,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":null,"generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":489143,"citation":"McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31. 545 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McLaughlin et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05MCL01EHUS","lastModified":"2023-04-07T22:10:09.505563Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}