{"elementGlobalId":894223,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":1,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis getula","scientificNameAuthor":"(Linnaeus, 1766)","primaryCommonName":"Eastern Kingsnake","relatedItisNames":"<i>Lampropeltis getula</i> (Linnaeus, 1766) (TSN 209247)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.894223","elcode":"ARADB19020","conceptRefFullCitation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","conceptName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula</i>","taxonomicComments":"Krysko et al. (2017) used mtDNA and nDNA and inferred three monophyletic groups that generally corresponded to the geographic regions Florida Peninsula, Atlantic Coast, and Eastern Apalachicola Lowlands which contained previously recognized subspecies <i>L. g. floridana</i>, <i>L. g. getula</i>, and <i>L. g. meansi</i>. The authors considered the members of the clades as morphologically diagnosable and elevated them to species. Krysko et al. also recognized <i>L. nigrita</i> from Mexico and southeastern Arizona (Crother 2017).<br /><br />The specific name formerly was <i>getulus </i>(see Frost and Collins 1988).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2016-04-08","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":894224,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":894244,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894244,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":285013,"subnation":{"id":59,"nameEn":"Wyoming","nameEs":"Wyoming","nameFr":"Wyoming","subnationCode":"WY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":285013,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":962255,"subnation":{"id":58,"nameEn":"West Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia Occidental","nameFr":"Virginie-Occidentale","subnationCode":"WV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":962255,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894257,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894257,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894235,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894235,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894253,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894253,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":289929,"subnation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"New Jersey","nameEs":"Nueva Jersey","nameFr":"New Jersey","subnationCode":"NJ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":289929,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894241,"subnation":{"id":25,"nameEn":"Maryland","nameEs":"Maryland","nameFr":"Maryland","subnationCode":"MD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894241,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894233,"subnation":{"id":11,"nameEn":"Delaware","nameEs":"Delaware","nameFr":"Delaware","subnationCode":"DE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894233,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894234,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Poaching/Collection Threat","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S1S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894234,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":894232,"subnation":{"id":10,"nameEn":"District of Columbia","nameEs":"Distrito de Columbia","nameFr":"District de Columbia","subnationCode":"DC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":894232,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":894224,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T23:02:46.109564Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.894223/Lampropeltis_getula","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-30","grankReviewDate":"2016-04-08","grankReasons":"Widely distributed in southeastern United States; many occurrences and locations in a broad range of habitats; presumed large population size; no major threats.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":894223,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":36,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 10-30%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 10 al 30%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 10 à 30 %"},"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":34,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"Range extends from eastern West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and southern New Jersey southward through the southeastern United States to southern Alabama.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Area of occupancy is unknown but very large.","numberEosComments":"The number of distinct occurrences has not been determined using consistent criteria, but this species is represented by a very large number of collection sites and locations (as defined by IUCN); for example, see Palmer and Braswell 1995).","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but presumably exceeds 100,000. This snake is relatively common in many parts of its wide range.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"This snake is popular in the pet trade, and locally collection may reduce some populations. Some habitat has been lost/degraded as a result of intensive urbanization and agricultural development. Overall, the threat level is low.","shortTermTrendComments":"Trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain, but distribution and abundance probably have been relatively stable or very slowly declining.","longTermTrendComments":"Over the long term, distribution and abundance likely have declined, but the specific degree of decline is unknown.","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Many occurrences are in protected areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":894223,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Diet includes snakes, lizards, small turtles, reptile eggs, frogs, birds and their eggs, and small mammals.","animalPhenologyComments":"Active mainly April-October in north. In some areas, most active in morning and late afternoon and, in hot weather, at night; reportedly diurnal in West Virginia (Green and Pauley 1987).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":208,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103720,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103721,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103722,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103723,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106714,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1142,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Medium And Large Colubrid Snakes","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh (this barrier pertains only to upland species and does not apply to aquatic or wetland snakes); densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Available information on movements of colubrid snakes is limited to a small minority of species. These data indicate that nearly all species have home ranges smaller or much smaller than 25 ha (e.g., less than 3 ha, <i>Pituophis catenifer</i> in California, Rodriguez-Robles 2003), with some up to about 75 ha (<i>Heterodon platirhinos</i>, average 50 ha, Plummer and Mills 2000), and the largest up to 225 ha in the biggest colubrids (<i>Drymarchon</i>, summer mean 50-100 ha, USFWS 1998). <br><br>Radiotelemetry data for <i>Pantherophis </i>indicate that residents of hibernacula that are 1-2 km apart (with suitable intervening habitat) probably interbreed (Prior et al. 1997, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead 2002). However, \"evidence of genetic structure even over short distances (e.g., 2-20 km) implies that gene flow among rat snake populations can be easily disrupted\" (Prior et al. 1997). Loughheed et al. (1999) found evidence of substantial genetic exchange among local hibernacula (< 6 km apart), but gene flow over distances of 10s of km appears to be substantially less. Based on extensive radio-tracking data, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead (2002) found that home range size of <i>Pantherophis </i>averaged 18.5 ha and ranged up to 93 ha; based on the most mobile individuals, <i>Pantherophis </i>from hibernacula up to 8 km apart can come together for mating. <i>Pantherophis </i>and probably other colubrids exhibit high fidelity to hibernacula and shift even to nearby sites only rarely (Prior et al. 2001). <br><br>Many of the several studies that report small home ranges for colubrids did not employ methods (e.g., radio telemetry) suitable for detecting full annual or multi-annual home range size, dispersal, or other long-distance movements, so these may have yielded underestimates of home ranges or activity areas.  <br><br>At least some colubrids, including medium-sized species such as garter snakes, not uncommonly move between areas up to a few kilometers apart, and several species make extensive movements of up to several kilometers, so separation distances of 1-2 km for suitable habitat are too small for medium-sized and large colubrids.<br><br>A separation distance of 10 km for suitable habitat was selected as most appropriate for snakes assigned to this Specs Group because it seems generally unlikely that two locations separated by less than 10 km of suitable habitat would represent distinct occurrences.<br><br>For the purposes of these occurrence specifications, upland habitat is regarded as unsuitable habitat for aquatic and wetland snakes. For upland snakes, shallow or patchy wetlands are treated as unsuitable habitat whereas large deepwater habitats (subjective determination) are barriers.","versionDate":"2013-02-12","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":"Separation distance for suitable habitat was changed from 5 km to 10 km based on comments from Dale Jackson (12 Feb 2013).","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:05.987846Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":894223,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":188832,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T05:50:54.127825Z"}],"references":[{"id":100882,"citation":"Ashton, R. E., Jr., and P. S. Ashton. 1981. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part One: The Snakes. Windward Publishing Company, Miami, Florida. 176 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ashton and Ashton","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"B81ASH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.428867Z"},{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":122347,"citation":"Blaney, R. M. 1977. Systematics of the common kingsnake, <i>Lampropeltis getulus</i> (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 19 (3 & 4):47-103.","shortCitationAuthor":"Blaney","shortCitationYear":1977,"referenceCode":"A77BLA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:00:11.682915Z"},{"id":120569,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1982. Amphibians and reptiles in Kansas. Second edition. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., Pub. Ed. Ser. 8. xiii + 356 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.428867Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":140525,"citation":"Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98CON01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":146698,"citation":"Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Queiroz, D. R. Frost, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., T. W. Taggart, S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2000 [2001]. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 29. 82 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother et al.","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.631788Z"},{"id":100278,"citation":"Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost and Collins","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2023-02-03T23:35:47.728291Z"},{"id":109054,"citation":"Green, N. B., and T. K. Pauley. 1987. Amphibians and reptiles in West Virginia. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. xi + 241 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Green and Pauley","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"B87GRE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":156812,"citation":"Krysko, K. L. 2002. Seasonal activity of the Florida kingsnake <i>Lampropeltis getula floridana</i> (Serpentes: Colubridae) in southern Florida. American Midland Naturalist 148:102-114.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02KRY01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:00:11.682915Z"},{"id":943928,"citation":"Krysko, K.L., L.P. Nuñez, C.E.Newman, and B.W. Bowen. 2017. Phylogenetics of Kingsnakes, <i>Lampropeltis getula</i> complex (Serpentes: Colubridae), in Eastern North America. Journal of Heredity:1-13.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko et al.","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"A17KRY01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:47.810223Z"},{"id":447567,"citation":"Means, D. B., and K. L. Krysko. 2001. Biogeography and pattern variation of kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, in the Apalachicola region of Florida. Contemporary Herpetology 2001(5).","shortCitationAuthor":"Means and Krysko","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01MEA02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T20:00:11.682915Z"},{"id":120174,"citation":"Mount, R. H. 1975. The reptiles and amphibians of Alabama. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. vii + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mount","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"B75MOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.616394Z"},{"id":152359,"citation":"Palmer, W. M., and A. L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.","shortCitationAuthor":"Palmer and Braswell","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"B95PAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:15.475829Z"},{"id":664865,"citation":"Pyron, R. A, and F. T. Burbrink. 2009. Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (<i>Lampropeltis getula</i>; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy. Zootaxa 2241:22-32.","shortCitationAuthor":"Pyron and Burbrink","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"A09PYR02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:26:59.520421Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144839,"name":"eastern kingsnake","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":894223,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Colubridae","genus":"Lampropeltis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":"On July 11, 2012, USFWS received a petition requesting that 53 species of reptiles and amphibians, including the Apalachicola kingsnake (<i>Lampropeltis getula meansi</i>), be listed as endangered or threatened and critical habitat be designated under the Act. Based on the review of the petition and sources cited in the petition, USFWS (2015) find that the petition presents substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the petitioned action may be warranted.","completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":117630,"synonym":"Lampropeltis getulus","synonymAuthor":null,"formattedSynonym":"<i>Lampropeltis getulus</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":104203,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104203","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula sticticeps</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis getula sticticeps","primaryCommonName":"Outer Banks Kingsnake","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104203/Lampropeltis_getula_sticticeps"},{"infraspeciesId":104937,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104937","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula nigrita</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis getula nigrita","primaryCommonName":"Western Black Kingsnake","nsxUrl":null}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":894223,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"This primarily terrestrial species occurs in a wide range of habitats, often in or near wooded areas, commonly in the vicinity of water bodies and wetlands. Periods of inactivity are spent in crevices or burrows, or under rocks, logs, stumps, vegetation, or other cover.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-113718,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113719,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113720,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113710,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113711,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":8,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Savanna","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Sabana","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Savane","displayOrder":10}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113712,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":9,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Grassland/herbaceous","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Pastizales/cobertura herbácea","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Prairie/couverture herbacée","displayOrder":11}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113713,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":10,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Old field","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Terreno baldío","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Friche","displayOrder":12}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113715,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":16,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Sand/dune","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Arena/duna","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Dune","displayOrder":18}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113716,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":17,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Bare rock/talus/scree","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Roca viva/pendiente de roca/piedras sueltas","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Éboulis","displayOrder":20}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113717,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":19,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Cropland/hedgerow","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Tierras cultivadas/cerco vivo","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terre cultivée/haie","displayOrder":22}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-104249,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"HERBACEOUS WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL HERBÁCEO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE HERBACÉE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagPalusHabId":-104252,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":3,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"SCRUB-SHRUB WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL DE MATORRALES","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"FRUTICÉE HUMIDE","displayOrder":3}},{"cagPalusHabId":-104250,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-104251,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},"predecessors":[{"predecessorId":103459,"elCode":"ARADB19150","name":"Lampropeltis getula","formattedName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101531","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null},{"predecessorId":106414,"elCode":"ARADB19023","name":"Lampropeltis getula getula","formattedName":"<i>Lampropeltis getula getula</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104637","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null}],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":29741,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":1,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"1","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Residential & commercial development","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"1 - Residential & commercial development","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":10,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":{"id":4,"iucnThreatScopeDescEn":"Small: Affects a small proportion (1-10%) of the total population or occurrences or extent","iucnThreatScopeDescEs":null,"iucnThreatScopeDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Small (1-10%)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4},"iucnThreatSeverity":{"id":5,"iucnThreatSeverityDescEn":"Extreme - serious","iucnThreatSeverityDescEs":null,"iucnThreatSeverityDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Extreme - serious","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":7},"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":{"id":10,"threatImpactCalcCd":"D","threatImpactCalcDescEn":"Low","threatImpactCalcDescEs":null,"threatImpactCalcDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"D = Low","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4}},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":29742,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":5,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"2","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Agriculture & aquaculture","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"2 - Agriculture & aquaculture","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":50,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":{"id":4,"iucnThreatScopeDescEn":"Small: Affects a small proportion (1-10%) of the total population or occurrences or extent","iucnThreatScopeDescEs":null,"iucnThreatScopeDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Small (1-10%)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4},"iucnThreatSeverity":{"id":2,"iucnThreatSeverityDescEn":"Serious: Likely to seriously degrade/reduce affected occurrences or habitat, or reduce  population 31-70%","iucnThreatSeverityDescEs":null,"iucnThreatSeverityDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Serious or 31-70% pop. decline","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":2},"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":{"id":10,"threatImpactCalcCd":"D","threatImpactCalcDescEn":"Low","threatImpactCalcDescEs":null,"threatImpactCalcDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"D = Low","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4}},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":29743,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":19,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"5","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Biological resource use","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"5 - Biological resource use","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":330,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":{"id":9,"iucnThreatScopeDescEn":"Restricted - small","iucnThreatScopeDescEs":null,"iucnThreatScopeDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Restricted - small","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":10},"iucnThreatSeverity":{"id":4,"iucnThreatSeverityDescEn":"Slight: Likely to only slightly degrade/reduce affected occurrences or habitat, or reduce population 1-10%","iucnThreatSeverityDescEs":null,"iucnThreatSeverityDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Slight or 1-10% pop. decline","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4},"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":{"id":10,"threatImpactCalcCd":"D","threatImpactCalcDescEn":"Low","threatImpactCalcDescEs":null,"threatImpactCalcDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"D = Low","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":4}}]}