{"elementGlobalId":861663,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":1,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Lichanura trivirgata</i>","scientificName":"Lichanura trivirgata","scientificNameAuthor":"Cope, 1861","primaryCommonName":"Three-lined Boa","relatedItisNames":"<i>Charina trivirgata</i> (Cope, 1861) (TSN 563907)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.861663","elcode":"ARADA01020","conceptRefFullCitation":"Wood, D. A., T. W. Reeder, and R. N. Fisher. 2008. Novel patterns of historical isolation, dispersal, and secondary contact across Baja California in the rosy boa (<i>Lichanura trivirgata). </i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46:484-502.","conceptName":"<i>Lichanura trivirgata</i>","taxonomicComments":"Originally described as <i>Lichanura trivirgata</i> (Cope, 1861), the species has previously been recognized as <i>L. roseofusca</i> (Cope, 1868) and <i>Charina trivirgata</i>. The subspecies <i>L. trivirgata roseofusca</i> (Cope, 1868) and <i>L. trivirgata myriolepis</i> (Cope, 1868) are considered synonyms of <i>L. trivirgata</i> (Ottley et al. 1980, Wood et al. 2008). No subspecies are recognized.","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2013-07-08","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G., and M. K. Clausen","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":861664,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":861666,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":861666,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":861665,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":861665,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2013,"nrank":"N4","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":861664,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T22:54:56.218616Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.861663/Lichanura_trivirgata","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1998-08-05","grankReviewDate":"2016-04-05","grankReasons":"Somewhat restricted range in southwestern North America; due to remoteness of habitat probably not greatly threatened rangewide, however, very threatened in some areas by overcollecting and highway mortality; highly sought after by collectors but somewhat resistant because difficult to find.","grank":"G4G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":861663,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":37,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":{"id":10,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Several (4-12) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Unos pocos casos (4 a 12) protegidos y debidamente controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"Quelques occurrences (de 4 à 12) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":32,"popSizeDescEn":"10,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 10.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 10 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"Range extends from extreme southern San Diego County, California, within the Tijuana River and Otay watersheds, southward throughout the Baja California peninsula, including some islands along the Pacific Coast of Baja California and in the Gulf of California; range also includes northwestern Mexico (in the state of Sonora) and western Arizona (throughout isolated mountain ranges south of the Gila River in Maricopa, Pima, and Pinal counties (Wood et al. 2008). Elevational range extends from sea level to 2,070 meters (6,790 feet) (Yingling 1982, Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003).","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":94,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"501-2,500","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 501 a 2.500","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 501 à 2 500","bioticsKey":41},"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Area of occupancy is unknown but large (likely at least several hundred 2 km x 2 km grid cells).","numberEosComments":"The number of distinct occurrences has not been determined using consistent criteria, but this species is represented by a large number of collection sites and locations (as defined by IUCN). Yingling (1982) mapped some of them.","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size of this secretive snake is unknown but surely exceeds 10,000. This snake is common along the western slopes of the Sierra San Pedro Martir in Baja California (Welsh 1988).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Overall, this snake probably is not very threatened. Some habitat is being lost to residential/commerical development, but often this species occurs in inaccessible, rugged terrain that affords natural protection from grazing and development, and a large extent of suitable habitat remains. Some local populations along roads probably are threatened by overcollecting and mortality from vehicles. This is a popular species in the pet trade, and collectors often target this snake; however, it is difficult to find and collect in quantity.","shortTermTrendComments":"Overall, the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and number of subpopulations probably are slowly declining. Local declines seem to have occurred in some sites that are readily accessible to collectors. For example, populations have been greatly reduced in the vicinity of Route 85 in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (Parizek et al. 1996). However, this snake is still abundant in many remote areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and presumably elsewhere within the range (Parizek et al. 1996).","longTermTrendComments":"Long-term trend (past 200 years) is not precisely known, but distribution and abundance probably have undergone a modest decline.","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"This species occurs in several protected areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":861663,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Available information from coastal California and Arizona indicates that movements tend to be limited, and home ranges average less than 2 ha (see Diffendorfer et al. 2004).","foodHabitsComments":"Diet includes mainly small mammals and birds.","animalPhenologyComments":"Snakes are inactive in cold temperatures and extreme heat. This species is usually most active at night.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":107,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103536,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103537,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106529,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":156118,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Boas","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Separation distances are based on information for medium and large colubrid snakes (see that Specs Group).","versionDate":"2001-05-11","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2021-10-02T17:02:09.920489Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":861663,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Better information is needed on trend and threat impacts.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":184573,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T05:40:20.508986Z"}],"references":[{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. 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Publication of The Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence, Kansas. iv + 44 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins and Taggart","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.631788Z"},{"id":645334,"citation":"Collins, J. T., and T. W. Taggart. 2009. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians, turtles, reptiles, and crocodilians. Sixth edition. The Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrance, Kansas. iv + 44 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins and Taggart","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"B09COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:58.69455Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":444137,"citation":"Diffendorfer, J. E., C. Rochester, R. N. Fisher, and T. K. Brown. 2005. Movement and space use by coastal rosy boas (<i>Lichanura trivirgata roseofusca</i>) in coastal southern California. Journal of Herpetology 39:24-36.","shortCitationAuthor":"Diffendorfer et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"A05DIF01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:50:41.127385Z"},{"id":463781,"citation":"Grismer, L. L. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Baja California including its Pacific islands and islands in the Sea of Cortes.  University of California Press, Berkeley. xiii + 399 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Grismer","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02GRI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":1066988,"citation":"Holman, J. 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Morphometric and electrophoretic comparison between the Pacific rubber boa (<i>Charina bottae bottae</i>) and the southern rubber boa (<i>Charina bottae umbratica</i>).\"PhD dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences.California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California.","shortCitationAuthor":"Weisman","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"U88WEI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:04:29.810768Z"},{"id":124449,"citation":"Welsh, H. H. 1988. An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of the Sierra San Pedro Martir region, Baja California with a contribution to the biogeography of the Baja California herpetofauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 4th Series 46:1-72.","shortCitationAuthor":"Welsh","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88WEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:57.085878Z"},{"id":668663,"citation":"Wood, D. A., T. W. Reeder, and R. N. Fisher. 2008. Novel patterns of historical isolation, dispersal, and secondary contact across Baja California in the rosy boa (<i>Lichanura trivirgata). </i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46:484-502.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wood et al.","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08WOO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:50:03.892433Z"},{"id":120490,"citation":"Yingling, R. P. 1982. <i>Lichanura</i>, <i>L. trivirgata</i>. Cat. Am. Amph. 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