{"elementGlobalId":840332,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":2,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"2 - Moderate","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"2 - Moderado","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"2 – Modérée"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":1,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Pantherophis obsoletus</i>","scientificName":"Pantherophis obsoletus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Say, 1823)","primaryCommonName":"Western Ratsnake","relatedItisNames":"<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i> (Say in James, 1823) (TSN 174177)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.840332","elcode":"ARADB13030","conceptRefFullCitation":"Burbrink, F. T. 2001. Systematics of the eastern ratsnake complex (<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i>). Herpetological Monographs 15:1-53.","conceptName":"<i>Pantherophis obsoleta</i>","taxonomicComments":"Based on the congruence of morphological (Burbrink 2001) and mitochondrial data (Burbrink et al. 2000), Burbrink divided <i>P. obsoletus</i> into three species (<i>P. alleghaniensis</i>, <i>P. obsoletus</i>, and <i>P. spiloides</i>) with no subspecies.<br /><br />Utiger et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in New World and Old World \"<i>Elaphe</i>\" and determined that North American rat snakes currently included in the genus <i>Elaphe </i>form a monophyletic limeage that is distinct from Old World snakes that also have been regarded as <i>Elaphe</i>. They resurrected the genus <i>Pantherophis </i>for the rat snakes north of Mexico, including the following species: <i>Pantherophis obsoletus</i> (and <i>P. alleghaniensis</i> and <i>P. spiloides</i>, if one recognizes those taxa as species), <i>P. guttatus</i>, <i>P. emoryi</i>, <i>P. vulpinus</i>, <i>P. gloydi</i>, and<i> P. bairdi</i>. Based on mtDNA and nuclear DNA data, Burbrink and Lawson (2007) determined that New World <i>Elaphe </i>are not closely related to Old World <i>Elaphe</i>. While further splitting of <i>Pantherophis </i>has been proposed (Collins and Taggart 2008), the use of <i>Pantherophis </i>has helped stabilize the classification of New World ratsnakes. Thus, Crother (2017) refrain from further division of the genus.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":840345,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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range and many collection sites and locations in central North America; can be common in altered rural habitats; presumed large population size; likely relatively stable or slowly declining; no known major threats.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":840332,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":35,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"As defined by Burbrink (2001), this species occurs west of the Mississippi River, from southern Louisiana along the Gulf Coast to southern Texas, west to central Texas on the Edwards Plateau, and northward through Oklahoma, central and eastern Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, and southeastern Iowa to extreme southeastern Minnesota.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Area of occupancy is known but very large.","numberEosComments":"The number of distinct occurrences has not been determined using consistent criteria, but this species is represented by a very large number of collection sites and locations (as defined by IUCN).","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but very large (presumably exceeds 100,000) This species is locally common in much of its range.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Intensive agricultural development and urbanization likely have caused localized declines, and collectors probably have depleted some easily accessible populations, but in most areas this snake is not threatened by these factors. As of 2016, this species was not known to be significantly affected by snake fungal disease.","shortTermTrendComments":"Trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain, but extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of subpopulations, and population size probably have been relatively stable or slowly declining.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Many occurrences are in protected areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":840332,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Home range size is typically 12 ha or more in south (Tennant 1984), up to about 12 ha in Kansas (Fitch 1963). Home range averaged 5.6 ha (up to 13.4 ha) in Arkansas (Mullin et al. 2000).","foodHabitsComments":"Diet includes birds and their eggs, small mammals, lizards, frogs, and invertebrates; adults eat mainly endotherms while young eat mainly ectotherms.","animalPhenologyComments":"Diurnal in spring and fall, nocturnal in summer (Behler and King 1979). Active late April to October in north, presumably longer in south.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":257,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103748,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103749,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103750,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103751,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106747,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1142,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Medium And Large Colubrid Snakes","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh (this barrier pertains only to upland species and does not apply to aquatic or wetland snakes); densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Available information on movements of colubrid snakes is limited to a small minority of species. These data indicate that nearly all species have home ranges smaller or much smaller than 25 ha (e.g., less than 3 ha, <i>Pituophis catenifer</i> in California, Rodriguez-Robles 2003), with some up to about 75 ha (<i>Heterodon platirhinos</i>, average 50 ha, Plummer and Mills 2000), and the largest up to 225 ha in the biggest colubrids (<i>Drymarchon</i>, summer mean 50-100 ha, USFWS 1998). <br><br>Radiotelemetry data for <i>Pantherophis </i>indicate that residents of hibernacula that are 1-2 km apart (with suitable intervening habitat) probably interbreed (Prior et al. 1997, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead 2002). However, \"evidence of genetic structure even over short distances (e.g., 2-20 km) implies that gene flow among rat snake populations can be easily disrupted\" (Prior et al. 1997). Loughheed et al. (1999) found evidence of substantial genetic exchange among local hibernacula (< 6 km apart), but gene flow over distances of 10s of km appears to be substantially less. Based on extensive radio-tracking data, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead (2002) found that home range size of <i>Pantherophis </i>averaged 18.5 ha and ranged up to 93 ha; based on the most mobile individuals, <i>Pantherophis </i>from hibernacula up to 8 km apart can come together for mating. <i>Pantherophis </i>and probably other colubrids exhibit high fidelity to hibernacula and shift even to nearby sites only rarely (Prior et al. 2001). <br><br>Many of the several studies that report small home ranges for colubrids did not employ methods (e.g., radio telemetry) suitable for detecting full annual or multi-annual home range size, dispersal, or other long-distance movements, so these may have yielded underestimates of home ranges or activity areas.  <br><br>At least some colubrids, including medium-sized species such as garter snakes, not uncommonly move between areas up to a few kilometers apart, and several species make extensive movements of up to several kilometers, so separation distances of 1-2 km for suitable habitat are too small for medium-sized and large colubrids.<br><br>A separation distance of 10 km for suitable habitat was selected as most appropriate for snakes assigned to this Specs Group because it seems generally unlikely that two locations separated by less than 10 km of suitable habitat would represent distinct occurrences.<br><br>For the purposes of these occurrence specifications, upland habitat is regarded as unsuitable habitat for aquatic and wetland snakes. For upland snakes, shallow or patchy wetlands are treated as unsuitable habitat whereas large deepwater habitats (subjective determination) are barriers.","versionDate":"2013-02-12","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":"Separation distance for suitable habitat was changed from 5 km to 10 km based on comments from Dale Jackson (12 Feb 2013).","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:05.987846Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":840332,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":182526,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T05:34:18.378712Z"}],"references":[{"id":145013,"citation":"Burbrink, F. T. 2001. Systematics of the eastern ratsnake complex (<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i>). Herpetological Monographs 15:1-53.","shortCitationAuthor":"Burbrink","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01BUR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:08.165934Z"},{"id":645860,"citation":"Burbrink, F. T., and R. Lawson. 2007. How and when did Old World rat snakes disperse into the New World? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43:173-189.","shortCitationAuthor":"Burbrink and Lawson","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"A07BUR02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:07.684289Z"},{"id":125167,"citation":"Burbrink, F. T., R. Lawson, and J. B. Slowinski. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the North American rat snake (<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i>): a critique of the subspecies concept. Evolution 54:2107-2114.","shortCitationAuthor":"Burbrink et al.","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00BUR03NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:08.165934Z"},{"id":120569,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1982. Amphibians and reptiles in Kansas. Second edition. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., Pub. Ed. Ser. 8. xiii + 356 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.428867Z"},{"id":1068022,"citation":"Collins, J. T., and T. W. Taggart. 2008. An alternative classification of the New World rat snakes (genus <i>Pantherophis</i> [Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae]). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 26:16-18.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins and Taggart","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08COL02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:01:49.167852Z"},{"id":140525,"citation":"Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98CON01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":266628,"citation":"Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Quieroz, D. Frost, D. M. Green, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, R. W. McDiarmid, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2003. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico: update. Herpetological Review 34:198-203.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother et al.","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:17.038357Z"},{"id":123041,"citation":"Fitch, H. S. 1963. Natural history of the black rat snake (<i>Elaphe o. obsoleta</i>) in Kansas. Copeia 1963:649-658.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fitch","shortCitationYear":1963,"referenceCode":"A63FIT02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T03:27:03.349821Z"},{"id":106832,"citation":"Fitch, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles of lizards and snakes. Univ. Kansas Museum Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 52:1-247.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fitch","shortCitationYear":1970,"referenceCode":"B70FIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:58.69455Z"},{"id":626339,"citation":"Jensen, J. B., C. D. Camp, W. Gibbons, and M. J. Elliot, editors. 2008. Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, Athens. xvii + 575 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jensen et al.","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08JEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:31.710698Z"},{"id":127606,"citation":"Johnson, T. R. 2000. The amphibians and reptiles of Missouri. Second edition. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. 400 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Johnson","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00JOH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:11.007919Z"},{"id":156817,"citation":"Lougheed, S. C., H. L. Gibbs, K. A. Prior, and P. J. Weatherhead. 1999. Hierarchical patterns of genetic population structure in black rat snakes (<i>Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta</i>) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analyses. Evolution 53:1995-2001.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lougheed et al.","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"A99LOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:44:49.997066Z"},{"id":141021,"citation":"Mullin, S. J., W.H.N. Gutzke, G. D. Zenitsky, and R. J. Cooper. 2000. Home ranges of rat snakes (Colubridae: <i>Elaphe</i>) in different habitats. Herpetological Review 31:20-22.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mullin et al.","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00MUL02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T03:27:03.349821Z"},{"id":134086,"citation":"Tennant, A. 1984. The Snakes of Texas. Texas Monthly Press, Austin, Texas. 561 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tennant","shortCitationYear":1984,"referenceCode":"B84TEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":130019,"citation":"Tennant, A. 1998. A field guide to Texas snakes. Second edition. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tennant","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98TEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:44.477187Z"},{"id":157509,"citation":"Utiger, U., N. Helfenberger, B. SchC. Schmidt, M. Ruf, and V.  Ziswiler. 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, <i>Elaphe</i> auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 9(2):105-124.","shortCitationAuthor":"Utiger et al.","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02UTI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:08.165934Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":133032,"name":"Texas Ratsnake","language":"EN"},{"id":145620,"name":"western ratsnake","language":"EN"},{"id":133033,"name":"Western Rat Snake","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":840332,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Colubridae","genus":"Pantherophis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":114606,"synonym":"Elaphe obsoleta","synonymAuthor":"(Say, 1823)","formattedSynonym":"<i>Elaphe obsoleta</i>"},{"id":114616,"synonym":"Pantherophis obsoleta","synonymAuthor":"(Say, 1823)","formattedSynonym":"<i>Pantherophis obsoleta</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":840332,"reproductionComments":"Lays clutch of 5-30 eggs, late June or July in Kansas. Eggs hatch August-October. May lay two clutches annually in south. May lay eggs in communal nest. Sexually mature in 4th year (Fitch 1970).","ecologyComments":"Red-tailed hawk is an important predator in Kansas (Fitch 1963).","habitatComments":"Habitats include hardwood forest and woodland, wooded canyons, swamps, rocky timbered upland, wooded areas of streams and rivers, farmland near woods, old fields, barnyards, and rural buildings in wooded areas. These snakes often occur where wooded and open habitats (such as fields or farmland) are intermixed. They often climb trees, especially rough-barked species or those with vines, and they sometimes enter water. Hibernation sites are in deep crevices or underground.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-113870,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":1,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Feuillu","displayOrder":2}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113871,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":2,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Résineux","displayOrder":3}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113872,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":3,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Mixte","displayOrder":4}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113873,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113874,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113875,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113864,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":8,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Savanna","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Sabana","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Savane","displayOrder":10}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113865,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":10,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Old field","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Terreno baldío","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Friche","displayOrder":12}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113866,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":17,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Bare rock/talus/scree","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Roca viva/pendiente de roca/piedras sueltas","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Éboulis","displayOrder":20}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113867,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":18,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Cliff","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Acantilado","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Falaise","displayOrder":21}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113868,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":19,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Cropland/hedgerow","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Tierras cultivadas/cerco vivo","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terre cultivée/haie","displayOrder":22}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113869,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":20,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Suburban/orchard","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Suburbano/ huertos","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Banlieusard/verger","displayOrder":23}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-104320,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-104321,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},"predecessors":[{"predecessorId":102668,"elCode":"ARADB13050","name":"Pantherophis obsoletus","formattedName":"<i>Pantherophis obsoletus</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101406","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null}],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}