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Elevational range extends to at least 1,311 meters (4,300 feet) in North Carolina (Palmer and Braswell 1995). Using Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (2025) records, range extent is estimated to be 1.5 millioin km² (RARECAT 2025).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is represented by a very large number of occurrences or subpopulations (see maps in Palmer and Braswell 1995 and Ernst et al. 2003).","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but probably exceeds 100,000 and may exceed 1,000,000. Theses snakes are common in many areas. Densities may exceed 200/hectare (see Ernst and Ernst 2003).","viabilityComments":"Most occurrences likely have good viability.","threatImpactComments":"Threats include habitat loss due to development, and habitat degradation due to soil erosion (Diefenbacher and Pauley 2014). 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Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh (this barrier does not apply to aquatic or wetland species); densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Data are limited to only a few species, but small colubrid snakes such as Diadophis punctatus (Fitch 1975) and Carphophis amoenus (Barbour et al. 1969, Clark 1970) generally have relatively small home ranges less than, or much less than, 1 ha. However, because even small snakes occasionally move large distances (e.g., up to at least 1.7 km in Diadophis punctatus, Fitch 1975). Also, these snakes tend to be secretive and may be easily overlooked or not recorded in areas where they do in fact occur. It seems unlikely that occupied locations separated by a gap of less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent occurrences over the long term.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":"This specs group is a somewhat arbitrary assemblage of small snakes that are believed to be among the most sedentary species of the family Colubridae.","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:28.019404Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":786550,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":176923,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T05:20:47.601272Z"}],"references":[{"id":111588,"citation":"Barbour, R. W., M. J. Harvey, and J. W. Hardin. 1969. Home range, movement, and activity of the eastern worm snake, <i>Carphophis amoenus</i> <i>amoenus</i>. Ecology 50:470-476.","shortCitationAuthor":"Barbour et al.","shortCitationYear":1969,"referenceCode":"A69BAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T03:19:29.218562Z"},{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":235666,"citation":"Clark, D. R., Jr. 1968. A proposal of specific status for the western worm snake, <i>Carphophis amoenus vermis</i> (Kennicott). Herpetologica 24:104-112.","shortCitationAuthor":"Clark","shortCitationYear":1968,"referenceCode":"A68CLA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:05.739496Z"},{"id":146016,"citation":"Clark, D. R., Jr. 1970. Ecological study of the worm snake <i>Carphophis vermis</i> (Kennicott). University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History19:85-194.","shortCitationAuthor":"Clark","shortCitationYear":1970,"referenceCode":"B70CLA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:36:00.989096Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":122357,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1991. Viewpoint: a new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles. SSAR Herpetol. Review 22:42-43.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.631788Z"},{"id":156650,"citation":"Collins, J. T., and T. W. 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