{"elementGlobalId":637723,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i>","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta","scientificNameAuthor":"(Schneider, 1783)","primaryCommonName":"Painted Turtle","relatedItisNames":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i> (Schneider, 1783) (TSN 173783)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.637723","elcode":"ARAAD01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Starkey, D. E., H. B. Shaffer, R. L. Burke, M.R.J. Forstner, J. B. Iverson, F. J. Janzen, A.G.J. Rhodin, and G. R. Ultsch. 2003. Molecular systematics, phylogeography, and the effects of Pleistocene glaciation in the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) complex. Evolution 57:119-128.","conceptName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i>","taxonomicComments":"Includes three subspecies: <i>C. p. bellii</i>, <i>C. p. marginata</i>, and <i>C. p. picta</i>. Based on molecular data, Starkey et al. (2003) recognized <i>C. dorsalis </i>as a distinct species. This was adopted by Crother et al. (2008, 2017) and the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2012, 2021). Some herpetologists, citing apparent intergrades in western Kentucky, southern Illinois, and southeastern Missouri, still regard it as conspecific with <i>C. picta</i>. Additional genetic work by Jensen et al. (2014) and Jensen et al. (2015) supported Starkey et al. (2003). However, according to Crother (2017), these studies also questioned the recognition of the remaining subspecies on genetic grounds, but did not take a position on their abandonment. In contrast, Ernst et al. (2006) reexamined color patterns and dorsal scute alignment in <i>Chrysemys</i> and identified intermediate specimens between <i>C. dorsalis</i> and <i>C. p. marginata</i> and <i>C. p. bellii</i>. Although the evidence for species recognition of <i>dorsalis </i>is primarily mitochondrial, Crother (2017) continue to recognize it as a full species pending further genetic sampling.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2024-02-04","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Gundy, R. L.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":637724,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":1299846,"subnation":{"id":92,"nameEn":"Island of Newfoundland","nameEs":"Isla de Terranova","nameFr":"Île de Terre­Neuve","subnationCode":"NF","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1299846,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":637732,"subnation":{"id":70,"nameEn":"Saskatchewan","nameEs":"Saskatchewan","nameFr":"Saskatchewan","subnationCode":"SK","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637732,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637726,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637726,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637728,"subnation":{"id":63,"nameEn":"New Brunswick","nameEs":"New Brunswick","nameFr":"Nouveau-Brunswick","subnationCode":"NB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637728,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637731,"subnation":{"id":69,"nameEn":"Quebec","nameEs":"Quebec","nameFr":"Québec","subnationCode":"QC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637731,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637725,"subnation":{"id":60,"nameEn":"Alberta","nameEs":"Alberta","nameFr":"Alberta","subnationCode":"AB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Proprietary Data","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S2S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637725,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637727,"subnation":{"id":62,"nameEn":"Manitoba","nameEs":"Manitoba","nameFr":"Manitoba","subnationCode":"MB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637727,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637729,"subnation":{"id":66,"nameEn":"Nova Scotia","nameEs":"Nueva Escocia","nameFr":"Nouvelle-Écosse","subnationCode":"NS","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637729,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637730,"subnation":{"id":67,"nameEn":"Ontario","nameEs":"Ontario","nameFr":"Ontario","subnationCode":"ON","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637730,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2024,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":637724,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":637733,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":637775,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637775,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637759,"subnation":{"id":36,"nameEn":"Nebraska","nameEs":"Nebraska","nameFr":"Nebraska","subnationCode":"NE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":3,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Conditional","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"C"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637759,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637761,"subnation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"New Jersey","nameEs":"Nueva Jersey","nameFr":"New Jersey","subnationCode":"NJ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637761,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1270039,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1270039,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637741,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637741,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637780,"subnation":{"id":59,"nameEn":"Wyoming","nameEs":"Wyoming","nameFr":"Wyoming","subnationCode":"WY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637780,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637745,"subnation":{"id":20,"nameEn":"Indiana","nameEs":"Indiana","nameFr":"Indiana","subnationCode":"IN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637745,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637758,"subnation":{"id":35,"nameEn":"North Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Norte","nameFr":"Dakota du Nord","subnationCode":"ND","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637758,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637749,"subnation":{"id":24,"nameEn":"Massachusetts","nameEs":"Massachusetts","nameFr":"Massachusetts","subnationCode":"MA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637749,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637751,"subnation":{"id":26,"nameEn":"Maine","nameEs":"Maine","nameFr":"Maine","subnationCode":"ME","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637751,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637743,"subnation":{"id":18,"nameEn":"Idaho","nameEs":"Idaho","nameFr":"Idaho","subnationCode":"ID","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637743,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637739,"subnation":{"id":10,"nameEn":"District of Columbia","nameEs":"Distrito de Columbia","nameFr":"District de Columbia","subnationCode":"DC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637739,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637757,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637757,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637746,"subnation":{"id":21,"nameEn":"Kansas","nameEs":"Kansas","nameFr":"Kansas","subnationCode":"KS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637746,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637747,"subnation":{"id":22,"nameEn":"Kentucky","nameEs":"Kentucky","nameFr":"Kentucky","subnationCode":"KY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637747,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637753,"subnation":{"id":29,"nameEn":"Minnesota","nameEs":"Minnesota","nameFr":"Minnesota","subnationCode":"MN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637753,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637773,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637773,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637750,"subnation":{"id":25,"nameEn":"Maryland","nameEs":"Maryland","nameFr":"Maryland","subnationCode":"MD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637750,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637737,"subnation":{"id":8,"nameEn":"Colorado","nameEs":"Colorado","nameFr":"Colorado","subnationCode":"CO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637737,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637766,"subnation":{"id":43,"nameEn":"Oklahoma","nameEs":"Oklahoma","nameFr":"Oklahoma","subnationCode":"OK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637766,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637768,"subnation":{"id":45,"nameEn":"Pennsylvania","nameEs":"Pennsylvania","nameFr":"Pennsylvanie","subnationCode":"PA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637768,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637742,"subnation":{"id":17,"nameEn":"Iowa","nameEs":"Iowa","nameFr":"Iowa","subnationCode":"IA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637742,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637764,"subnation":{"id":41,"nameEn":"New York","nameEs":"Nueva York","nameFr":"New York","subnationCode":"NY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637764,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637779,"subnation":{"id":58,"nameEn":"West Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia Occidental","nameFr":"Virginie-Occidentale","subnationCode":"WV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637779,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637740,"subnation":{"id":11,"nameEn":"Delaware","nameEs":"Delaware","nameFr":"Delaware","subnationCode":"DE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637740,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637778,"subnation":{"id":57,"nameEn":"Wisconsin","nameEs":"Wisconsin","nameFr":"Wisconsin","subnationCode":"WI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637778,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":738991,"subnation":{"id":88,"nameEn":"Navajo Nation","nameEs":"La Nación Navajo","nameFr":"Nation Navajo","subnationCode":"NN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":738991,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637776,"subnation":{"id":55,"nameEn":"Vermont","nameEs":"Vermont","nameFr":"Vermont","subnationCode":"VT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637776,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637752,"subnation":{"id":28,"nameEn":"Michigan","nameEs":"Michigan","nameFr":"Michigan","subnationCode":"MI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637752,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637744,"subnation":{"id":19,"nameEn":"Illinois","nameEs":"Illinois","nameFr":"Illinois","subnationCode":"IL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637744,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637736,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637736,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1357813,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1357813,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637738,"subnation":{"id":9,"nameEn":"Connecticut","nameEs":"Connecticut","nameFr":"Connecticut","subnationCode":"CT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637738,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637760,"subnation":{"id":37,"nameEn":"New Hampshire","nameEs":"New Hampshire","nameFr":"New Hampshire","subnationCode":"NH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637760,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637763,"subnation":{"id":40,"nameEn":"Nevada","nameEs":"Nevada","nameFr":"Nevada","subnationCode":"NV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637763,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":637754,"subnation":{"id":30,"nameEn":"Missouri","nameEs":"Missouri","nameFr":"Missouri","subnationCode":"MO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637754,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637735,"subnation":{"id":4,"nameEn":"Arkansas","nameEs":"Arkansas","nameFr":"Arkansas","subnationCode":"AR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637735,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637777,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637777,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637769,"subnation":{"id":47,"nameEn":"Rhode Island","nameEs":"Rhode Island","nameFr":"Rhode Island","subnationCode":"RI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637769,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637756,"subnation":{"id":33,"nameEn":"Montana","nameEs":"Montana","nameFr":"Montana","subnationCode":"MT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637756,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1279316,"subnation":{"id":42,"nameEn":"Ohio","nameEs":"Ohio","nameFr":"Ohio","subnationCode":"OH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1279316,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637771,"subnation":{"id":49,"nameEn":"South Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Sur","nameFr":"Dakota du Sud","subnationCode":"SD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637771,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637772,"subnation":{"id":50,"nameEn":"Tennessee","nameEs":"Tennessee","nameFr":"Tennessee","subnationCode":"TN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637772,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637762,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637762,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637774,"subnation":{"id":52,"nameEn":"Utah","nameEs":"Utah","nameFr":"Utah","subnationCode":"UT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637774,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":637767,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":637767,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":637733,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T22:25:44.439253Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.637723/Chrysemys_picta","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-21","grankReviewDate":"2024-02-04","grankReasons":"This species is widely distributed across North America and abundant throughout most of its range. It is highly adaptable to altered and man-made aquatic habitats. There are no major range-wide declines reported. However, some western populations are rare and declining. There are no major range-wide threats, although there are localized threats including habitat, loss, predation, severe flooding, pollution, and drought.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":637723,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":10,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Broad.  Generalist or community with all key requirements common.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Amplio.  Generalista o comunidad con todos los requisitos claves comunes.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Vaste. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à tous les critères clés sont répandus."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":4,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":37,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":21,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very many (>125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muchos (>125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Beaucoup (>125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":15,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Muchas ocurrencias (>40) protegidas y controladas adecuadamente","numberProtEosDescFr":"Beaucoup d’occurrences (>40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":36,"popSizeDescEn":">1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":">1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":">1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species is the only turtle species that spans the width of North America from coast to coast (Ernst and Lovich 2009). It ranges from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Barela and Olson 2014, COSEWIC 2016). It is found in most states in the eastern and central United States. The range extends farthest south in the east where it reaches the Gulf Coast in Louisiana, United States (Ernst and Lovich 2009). There are three subspecies. <i>Chrysemys picta picta</i> occurs along the Coastal Plain and Appalachians east of the Great Lakes, <i>C. p. marginata</i> occurs in the Great Lakes Region east of the Mississippi River, and <i>C. p. bellii</i> occurs west of the Mississippi River (Starkey et al. 2003, Ernst and Lovich 2009, Ernst et al. 2014). Using a combination of records from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2024) and iNaturalist (2024), GeoCat (2024) estimated range extent to be about 7,250,000 km².","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":94,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"501-2,500","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 501 a 2.500","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 501 à 2 500","bioticsKey":41},"areaOfOccupancyComments":"The distribution is fairly continuous throughout the eastern and northern parts of its range. It is absent from Florida and much of the southwestern United States (Ernst and Lovich 2009). There are notable disjunct populations in southern Colorado, southern Utah, southern New Mexico, central Arizona and western Texas, and southern Texas (Ernst and Lovich 2009). It becomes less widely distributed in the western portion of its range (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Barela and Olson 2014, COSEWIC 2016). Detailed maps of historical and contemporary localities from Wyoming westward are available in Barela and Olson (2014). Using a combination of records from GBIF (2024) and iNaturalist (2024), GeoCat (2024) estimated range extent to be 2,304 km², or 576 grid cells.","numberEosComments":"This species has many hundreds of occurrences throughout its range (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Barela and Olson 2014, COSEWIC 2016).","popSizeComments":"This is one of the most common turtles through much of its range and many populations contain thousands of individuals (Ernst and Lovich 2009).","viabilityComments":"All but a few occurrences are expected to have good viability with no range-wide declines reported and a high tolerance of disturbed and fragmented habitats (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Laporte et al. 2012, Dorland et al. 2014, Capkun-Huot et al. 2021).","threatImpactComments":"There are no major range-wide threats affecting this species. There are a number of threats operating at local scales including habitat, loss, predation, severe flooding, pollution, and drought (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Development of uplands surrounding occupied ponds may cause long-term declines that are not detectable for many years (Eskew et al. 2010, Capkun-Huot et al. 2021). Roads are generally suspected of causing a high degree of mortality due to vehicle strikes and a lack of connectivity between ponds, but there is a growing body of evidence documenting a remarkable adaptability and resilience to roads and some development (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Laporte et al. 2012, Dorland et al. 2014, Capkun-Huot et al. 2021). Western populations are threatened by habitat loss due to development and agriculture (Barela and Olson 2014, COSEWIC 2016).","shortTermTrendComments":"The population is stable, although minor declines are expected from the ongoing effects of threats, particularly in western populations (Ernst and Lovich 2009, COSEWIC 2016).","longTermTrendComments":"There were some historical declines from collection for the pet trade and habitat destruction, but this species has also expanded into man-made aquatic habitats (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Eskew et al. 2010). The net result between declines and expansion into man-made habitats is not known.","inventoryNeeds":"Regular monitoring is needed in some western populations (COSEWIC 2016).","numberProtEosComments":"This species is found within many conservation lands throughout its range in both Canada and the United States (Ernst and Lovich 2009, GBIF 2024, iNaturalist 2024).","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"This species is moderately slow to mature, with maturity reached in as little as 2 years for males and 6 years for females (Ernst and Lovich 2009).","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"This species is remarkably adaptable to a wide range of freshwater habitats, including wetlands within developed areas (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Eskew et al. 2010, Marchand et al. 2018, Capkun-Huot et al. 2021)."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":637723,"majorHabitat":{"id":2,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Freshwater","majorHabitatDescEs":"Agua dulce","majorHabitatDescFr":"Eau douce"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Movements in lakes, ponds, and marshes are generally smaller (Rowe 2003, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Movements are generally greatest in riverine systems, where males have been documented moving as much as 26 km between capture locations (MacCulloch and Secoy 1983, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Some individuals have been documented moving several kilometers over land to reach new water bodies (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Females travel as far as 600 m from water when selecting nesting sites (Christens and Bider 1987, Congdon and Gatten 1989, Ernst and Lovich 2009).","foodHabitsComments":"This species is a generalist omnivore that feeds opportunistically on various plants and animals, living or dead, obtained from bottom of water or among aquatic plants (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Juvenile diet sometimes includes cladoceran zooplankton (Mauer 1995).","animalPhenologyComments":"In most of the range, this turtle is most active diurnally from March (late April or May in far north) through October, though warm weather may stimulate activity in other months, especially in southern parts of its range (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Ernst and Lovich (2009) report limited nocturnal activity as well. This species estivates during the coldest months and is able to withstand temperatures as low as -2°C (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Hatchling painted turtles are able to withstand periodic partial freezing of their body fluids as they overwinter in shallow nests in the north (Ernst and Lovich 2009).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":25,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103270,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103271,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106035,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106036,"foodHabits":{"id":2,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescFr":"Piscivore","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106037,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106038,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":124126,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Painted Turtles (Chrysemys)","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":1.0,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrences should include known nesting areas and documented upland travel corridors, if any.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that turtles rarely if ever cross successfully; untraversable topography (e.g., cliff); urbanized area lacking aquatic or wetland habitat.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Separation distance across more or less continuously joined suitable aquatic or wetland habitat: 10 km. Separation distance for upland habitat: 3 km. Separation distance for intermediate situations: 5 km.","separationJustification":"Painted turtle in riverine systems often make extensive movements. In a two-year study in southern Saskatchewan, MacCulloch and Secoy (1983) found that the length of river used by individuals averaged about 6 km in adult males (up to 26 km), 2-3 km in adult females (up to 8 km), and about 0.5 km in juveniles (up to 1.5 km). McAuliffe (1978) reported that 58 percent of individuals recaptured in Nebraska moved 100 m or more along a river slough during a single active season, and a male moved over 2.1 km. In a lake and marsh system in Michigan, Gibbons (1968) recorded less extensive movement, with fewer than 15 percent of individuals moving distances of 100 m or more during one summer. However, 16 individuals (mainly adult females) traveled 400 m or more (up to 1.1 km in 411 days). The separation distances used here are designed to accommodate the greater movements of painted turtles in riverine systems and associated wetlands, in which painted turtles often occur in large numbers. The separation distance of 3 km for upland habitat was chosen to reduce the possibility that females on nesting migrations from two separate occurrences would overlap in their nesting sites.","versionDate":"2001-04-23","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2026-02-28T02:56:09.677595Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":637723,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"This species has proven to be highly adaptable to man-altered and man-made habitats (Ernst and Lovich 2009, Eskew et al. 2010, Marchand et al. 2018, Capkun-Huot et al. 2021). As long as suitable wetland habitats and adjacent upland nesting habitats are available, this species is expected to persist throughout most of its range. Western populations are particularly imperiled, however (COSEWIC 2016). Management of western populations should minimize habitat loss, improve water availability and water quality, and remove invasive predators such as American bullfrog (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>) and pond slider (<i>Trachemys scripta</i>) (COSEWIC 2016). To reduce road mortality, build wildlife crossings. Barrier walls and culverts where roads cross wetlands has been shown to significantly decrease turtle road mortality in areas outside its range (Dodd et al. 2004).","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Whole-genome genetic research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the various populations throughout its range.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":161121,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T04:49:01.776666Z"}],"references":[{"id":1139992,"citation":"Barela, K. L., and D. H. Olson. 2014. Mapping the western pond turtle (<i>Actinemys marmorata</i>) and painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) in western North America. Northwestern Naturalist 95(1): 1-12.","shortCitationAuthor":"Barela and Olson","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14BAR02NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:01.120732Z"},{"id":1140007,"citation":"Capkun-Huot, C., V. K. Fyson, and G. Blouin-Demers. 2021. Landscape composition predicts the local abundance of painted turtles (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>). Herpetology Notes 14: 215-223.","shortCitationAuthor":"Capkun-Huot et al.","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"A21CAP01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":126458,"citation":"Christens, E., and J. R. Bider. 1987. Nesting activity and hatching success of the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta marginata</i>) in southwestern Quebec. Herpetologica 43:55-65","shortCitationAuthor":"Christens and Bider","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"A87CHR01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":148747,"citation":"Christiansen, J. L., and E. O. Moll. 1973. Latitudinal reproductive variation in a single subspecies of painted turtle, <i>Chrysemys picta bellii</i>. Herpetologica 29:152-163.","shortCitationAuthor":"Christiansen and Moll","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"A73CHR01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":104182,"citation":"Congdon, J. D., and R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1989. Movements and energetics of nesting <i>Chrysemys picta</i>. Herpetologica 45:94-100.","shortCitationAuthor":"Congdon and Gatten","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"A89CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:21:51.026272Z"},{"id":1140009,"citation":"COSEWIC. 2016. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Western Painted Turtle <i>Chrysemys picta bellii</i>, Pacific Coast population, Intermountain – Rocky Mountain population and Prairie/Western Boreal – Canadian Shield population,in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xxi + 95 pp. Available at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-assessments-status-reports/western-painted-turtle-2016.html#_exesum.","shortCitationAuthor":"COSEWIC","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"N16COS02NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":115940,"citation":"DeGraaf, R. M., and D. D. Rudis. 1983a. Amphibians and reptiles of New England. Habitats and natural history. Univ. Massachusetts Press. vii + 83 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"DeGraaf and Rudis","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83DEG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:26.951601Z"},{"id":1140006,"citation":"Dorland, A., T. Rytwinski, and L. Fahrig. 2014. Do roads reduce painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) populations? PLoSONE9(5): e98414.doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0098414","shortCitationAuthor":"Dorland et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14DOR01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":110509,"citation":"Ernst, C. H. 1971. Chrysemys picta. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 106.1-106.4.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst","shortCitationYear":1971,"referenceCode":"A71ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:27.574327Z"},{"id":146301,"citation":"Ernst, C. H. 1988. <i>Chrysemys</i>. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 438: 1-8.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":1108343,"citation":"Ernst, C.H., A.F. Laemmerzahl, and T.R. Creque. 2006. A review of morphological and pattern variation in the painted turtle, <i>Chrysemys picta</i>, in Missouri, USA, with an alternate hypothesis of the origin of <i>Chrysemys picta marginata</i>. Herpetological bulletin 95:6-15.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst et al.","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:26:04.041593Z"},{"id":668015,"citation":"Ernst. C. H., and J. E. Lovich. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Second edition, revised and updated. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. xii + 827 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst and Lovich","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"B09ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:19.211207Z"},{"id":761719,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington. x + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst and Barbour","shortCitationYear":1972,"referenceCode":"B72ERN01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":1140005,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., J. M. Orr, A. F. Laemmerzahl, and T. R. Creque. 2014. Variation and zoogeography of the turtle <i>Chrysemys picta</i> in Virginia, USA. The Herpetological Bulletin 130: 9-15.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":141851,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., R. W. Barbour, and J. E. Lovich. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. xxxviii + 578 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst et al.","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":1140010,"citation":"Eskew, E. A., S. J. Price, and M. E. Dorcas. 2010. Survivorship and population densities of painted turtles (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) in recently modified suburban landscapes. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9(2): 244-249.","shortCitationAuthor":"Eskew et al.","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"A10ESK01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":122523,"citation":"Frazer, N. B., J. W. Gibbons, and J. L. Greene. 1991. Growth, survivorship and longevity of painted turtles Chrysemys picta in a southwestern Michigan marsh. Am. Midl. Nat. 125:245-258.","shortCitationAuthor":"Frazer et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91FRA02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:11:11.826019Z"},{"id":1138407,"citation":"Geospatial Conservation Assessment Tool (GeoCAT). Online. Available: <a href=\"http://geocat.kew.org/\">https://geocat.iucnredlist.org/</a> (Accessed 2024)","shortCitationAuthor":"GeoCAT","shortCitationYear":2024,"referenceCode":"W24GEO01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-02-03T01:16:45.578957Z"},{"id":135037,"citation":"Gibbons, J.W. 1968a. Population structure and survivorship in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Copeia 1968(2): 260-268.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gibbons","shortCitationYear":1968,"referenceCode":"A68GIB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:49.226348Z"},{"id":127681,"citation":"Gibbons, J. W. 1968c. Reproductive potential, activity and cycles in the painted turtle, <i>Chrysemys picta</i>. Ecology 49:399-409.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gibbons","shortCitationYear":1968,"referenceCode":"A68GIB03NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":1137646,"citation":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2024. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2024).","shortCitationAuthor":"GBIF","shortCitationYear":2024,"referenceCode":"W24GBI01HQUS","lastModified":"2024-01-05T23:15:07.149253Z"},{"id":123076,"citation":"Iverson, J. B. 1991c. Patterns of survivorship in turtles (order Testudines). Canadian J. Zoology 69:385-391.","shortCitationAuthor":"Iverson","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91IVE04NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.209999Z"},{"id":120796,"citation":"Iverson, J. B., and G. R. Smith. 1993. Reproductive ecology of the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) in the Nebraska Sandhills and across its range. Copeia 1993:1-21.","shortCitationAuthor":"Iverson and Smith","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93IVE01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":1108344,"citation":"Jensen, E.L., P. Govindarajulu, and M.A. Russello. 2014. When the shoe doesn’t fit: applying conservation unit concepts to western painted turtles at their northern periphery. Conservation Genetics 15(2):261-274.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jensen et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14JEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:26:04.041593Z"},{"id":1108345,"citation":"Jensen, E.L., P. Govindarajulu, and M.A. Russello. 2015. Genetic assessment of taxonomic uncertainty in painted turtles. Journal of Herpetology 49(2):314-324.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jensen et al.","shortCitationYear":2015,"referenceCode":"A15JEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:26:04.057009Z"},{"id":118569,"citation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"King and Burke","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"B89KIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":1140008,"citation":"Laporte, M., C.-O. Silva Beaudry, and B. Angers. 2012. Effects of road proximity on genetic diversity and reproductive success of the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>). Conservation Genetics 14: 21-30.","shortCitationAuthor":"Laporte et al.","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"A12LAP01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.097066Z"},{"id":105894,"citation":"Lindeman, P. V. 1991. Survivorship of overwintering hatchling painted turtles, <i>Chrysemys picta</i>, in northern Idaho. Can. Field-Nat. 105:263-266.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindeman","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91LIN03NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":105450,"citation":"Lindeman, P. V. 1996. Comparative life history of painted turtles (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) in two habitats in the inland Pacific Northwest. Copeia 1996:114-130.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindeman","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"A96LIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":1139997,"citation":"Lindeman, P. V. 2014. New wine in old bottles: using modified hoopnets to catch bait-averse basking turtles. Herpetological Review 45(4): 597-600.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindeman","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14LIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:02.003314Z"},{"id":111411,"citation":"Lindeman, P. V., and A. F. Scott. 2001. Over three decades of persistence of a small and apparently isolated population of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) in a Kentucky reservoir. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4:206-208.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindeman and Scott","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01LIN02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:11:11.826019Z"},{"id":103509,"citation":"MacCulloch, R. D., and D. M. Secoy. 1983. Movement in a river population of <i>Chrysemys picta belli</i> in southern Saskatchewan. Journal of Herpetology 17:283-285.","shortCitationAuthor":"MacCulloch and Secoy","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"A83MAC01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":1140004,"citation":"Marchand, K. A., R. G. Poulin, and C. M. Somers. 2018. Western painted turtles (<i>Chrysemys picta bellii</i>) in a highly urbanized system: unexpected variation in resource use among age classes and sexes. Herpetologica 74(3): 217-225.","shortCitationAuthor":"Marchand et al.","shortCitationYear":2018,"referenceCode":"A18MAR04NAUS","lastModified":"2024-03-06T14:54:03.112694Z"},{"id":143401,"citation":"McAuliffe, J. R. 1978. Seasonal migrational movements of a population of the western painted turtle, <i>Chrysemys picta bellii</i> (Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae). Journal of Herpetology 12:143-149.","shortCitationAuthor":"McAuliffe","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"A78MCA01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":113630,"citation":"Mitchell, J. C. 1988. Population ecology and life histories of the freshwater turtles <i>Chrysemys picta</i> and <i>Sternotherus odoratus</i> in an urban lake. Herpetol. Monogr. 2:40-61.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mitchell","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88MIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:37:26.853907Z"},{"id":144512,"citation":"Moll, E. O. 1973. Latitudinal and intersubspecific variation in reproduction of the painted turtle, <i>Chrysemys picta</i>. Herpetologica 29:307-318.","shortCitationAuthor":"Moll","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"A73MOL01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T04:08:53.697074Z"},{"id":112630,"citation":"Packard, G. C., and M. J. Packard. 1995. A review of the adaptive strategy used by hatchling painted turtles to survive in the cold. Herpetological Review 26:8, 10-12.","shortCitationAuthor":"Packard and Packard","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"A95PAC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:11:11.826019Z"},{"id":201957,"citation":"Rowe, J. W. 2003. Activity and movements of midland painted turtles (<i>Chrysemys picta marginata</i>) living in a small marsh system on Beaver Island, Michigan. Journal of Herpetology 37:342-353.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rowe","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03ROW01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:11:11.826019Z"},{"id":157165,"citation":"Starkey, D. E., H. B. Shaffer, R. L. Burke, M.R.J. Forstner, J. B. Iverson, F. J. Janzen, A.G.J. Rhodin, and G. R. Ultsch. 2003. Molecular systematics, phylogeography, and the effects of Pleistocene glaciation in the painted turtle (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>) complex. Evolution 57:119-128.","shortCitationAuthor":"Starkey et al.","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03STA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:27.574327Z"},{"id":266629,"citation":"Stebbins, R. C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stebbins","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"B03STE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":1107320,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) [Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},{"id":722662,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk, P.P., Iverson, J.B., Shaffer, H.B., Bour, R., and Rhodin, A.G.J.]. 2012. Turtles of the world, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5:000.243-000.328. Online. Available: www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.","shortCitationAuthor":"van Dijk et al.","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12VAN01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":108401,"citation":"Ultsch, G. R., G. M. Ward, C. M. LeBerte, B. R. Kuhajda, and E. R. Stewart. 2001. Intergradation and origins of subspecies of the turtle Chrysemys picta: morphological comparisons. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:485-498.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ultsch et al.","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01ULT01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-06-01T00:43:18.582178Z"},{"id":132352,"citation":"Vogt, R. C. 1981c. Natural history of amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin. Milwaukee Public Museum. 205 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Vogt","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"B81VOG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:18.569643Z"},{"id":1116516,"citation":"Washington Herp Atlas. 2009 (map products updated March 2017). A cooperative effort of Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. 250 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Washington Herp Atlas","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"N09WAS01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T00:12:08.857757Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144410,"name":"northern painted turtle","language":"EN"},{"id":135336,"name":"Tortue peinte","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":637723,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":2,"genusSizeDescEn":"Very small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Un género muy pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Très petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":8,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Turtles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1110},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Chelonia","taxorder":"Testudines","family":"Emydidae","genus":"Chrysemys","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":"PS:T,SC,NAR","cosewicComments":"The Pacific Coast population is designated Threatened, the Intermountain – Rocky Mountain population, subspecies marginata, and subspecies picta are designated Special Concern, and the Prairie/Western Boreal – Canadian Shield population is designated Not at Risk.","usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":101456,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101456","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta bellii</i>","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta bellii","primaryCommonName":"Western Painted Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101456/Chrysemys_picta_bellii"},{"infraspeciesId":103460,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103460","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta marginata</i>","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta marginata","primaryCommonName":"Midland Painted Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103460/Chrysemys_picta_marginata"},{"infraspeciesId":106407,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106407","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta picta</i>","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta picta","primaryCommonName":"Eastern Painted Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106407/Chrysemys_picta_picta"},{"infraspeciesId":793122,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793122","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i> pop. 1","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta pop. 1","primaryCommonName":"Western Painted Turtle (Pacific Coast population)","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793122/Chrysemys_picta_pop_1"},{"infraspeciesId":793127,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793127","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i> pop. 2","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta pop. 2","primaryCommonName":"Western Painted Turtle (Intermountain - Rocky Mountain population)","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793127/Chrysemys_picta_pop_2"},{"infraspeciesId":793130,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793130","formattedScientificName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i> pop. 3","scientificName":"Chrysemys picta pop. 3","primaryCommonName":"Western Painted Turtle (Prairie / Western Boreal - Canadian Shield population)","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.793130/Chrysemys_picta_pop_3"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":"GS000808"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":637723,"reproductionComments":"Most nesting occurs between late May and early July, perhaps earlier in the south (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Females dig nests in soft soil in open areas up to several hundred meters from water (Christens and Bider 1987, Congdon and Gatten 1989, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Individual females can produce up to five clutches per season (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Clutch size ranges from 1-23 eggs, with the largest subspecies, <i>C. p. bellii</i>, producing the largest clutch sizes and the smallest, <i>C. p. picta</i>, producing the smallest clutch sizes (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Females reach sexual maturity in as little as 5 years in southern parts of its range and as much as 10 years in northern parts of its range (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Males mature at younger ages (Frazzer et al. 1993, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Hatchlings usually remain in the nest in winter, tolerating freezing temperatures, and emerge in spring (Ernst and Lovich 2009).","ecologyComments":"Home ranges vary drastically. Lakes, ponds, and marsh populations generally have the smallest home ranges and the largest home ranges generally occur in river or creek systems (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Population densities vary widely with the greatest densities, up to several hundred individuals per hectare, occurring in lakes, ponds, and marshes, while river or creek systems generally have the lowest population densities (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Survivorship of eggs and hatchlings is generally below 20% (Christens and Bider 1987, Lindeman 1991, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Survivorship rates increase with age, with adults generally having survivorship rates above 50% and many reports are above 90% (Mitchell 1988, Frazer et al. 1991, Iverson and Smith 1993, Ernst and Lovich 2009). See Iverson (1991) for a compilation of survivorship data on eggs and juveniles. In Nebraska, some females apparently survived beyond 30 years (Iverson and Smith 1993).","habitatComments":"This species lives in slow-moving, shallow waters with soft bottoms such as rivers, streams, marshes, swamps, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Aquatic vegetation and abundant basking sites are important habitat components (Ernst and Lovich 2009). They may colonize seasonally flooded areas near permanent water (Ernst and Lovich 2009). Nesting occurs in soft soil up to several hundred meters from water (Christens and Bider 1987, Congdon and Gatten 1989, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Some hatchlings remain in the nest in winter and emerge in spring (Packard and Packard 1995, Ernst and Lovich 2009). Adults estivate in water (Ernst and Lovich 2009).","generalDescription":"Shell hard, somewhat flattened; bright yellow lines on head and limbs; lower shell orange or reddish, with conspicuous dark markings in juveniles; upper shell often with narrow yellow lines (reduced in larger individuals), less often with dark reticulation; upper jaw notched at tip; maximum upper shell length of female about 25 cm, rarely more than 21 cm (males are much smaller). Mature male: vent located beyond rear edge of upper shell with tail extended; fingernails very long; lower shell not concave. Mature female: vent at or inside rear edge of upper shell with tail extended; fingernails not especially long. Juvenile: as in adult female, with a deep crease across abdominal shields of lower shell. Hatchling: upper shell keeled; lower shell vivid orange/red, with a central dark figure having a sinuous outer edge; upper shell length 19-28 mm (average 23-24 mm). Eggs: elliptical, whitish, smooth surface with small pores; shell initially flexible, then becomes more rigid, 21-36 mm x 15-21 mm (mostly about 29-33 x 18-19 mm). Source: Hammerson (1999).","diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[{"cagRiverineHabId":-106827,"riverineHabitat":{"id":1,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"BIG RIVER","riverineHabitatDescEs":"RÍO GRANDE","riverineHabitatDescFr":"GRANDE RIVIÈRE","displayOrder":1}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-106828,"riverineHabitat":{"id":2,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"MEDIUM RIVER","riverineHabitatDescEs":"RÍO MEDIANO","riverineHabitatDescFr":"MOYENNE RIVIÈRE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-106829,"riverineHabitat":{"id":3,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"CREEK","riverineHabitatDescEs":"ARROYO","riverineHabitatDescFr":"RUISSEAU","displayOrder":3}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-106831,"riverineHabitat":{"id":7,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Low gradient","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Pendiente de bajo flujo","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Pente d’écoulement faible","displayOrder":7}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-106830,"riverineHabitat":{"id":9,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Pool","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Piscina","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Fosse","displayOrder":9}}],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-103445,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":1,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"TEMPORARY POOL","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"PISCINA TEMPORAL","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"BASSIN TEMPORAIRE","displayOrder":1}},{"cagPalusHabId":-103428,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"HERBACEOUS WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL HERBÁCEO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE HERBACÉE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagPalusHabId":-103429,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":3,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"SCRUB-SHRUB WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL DE MATORRALES","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"FRUTICÉE HUMIDE","displayOrder":3}},{"cagPalusHabId":-103430,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-103431,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[{"cagLacusHabId":-101074,"lacustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"lacustrineHabitatDescEn":"Shallow water","lacustrineHabitatDescEs":"Aguas poco profundas","lacustrineHabitatDescFr":"Eau peu profonde","displayOrder":2}}],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1107320,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) [Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},"predecessors":[{"predecessorId":100015,"elCode":null,"name":"Chrysemys picta","formattedName":"<i>Chrysemys picta</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102952","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null}],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":57722,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":89,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"No known threats","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"No known threats","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":null},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":null,"threatImpactCalc":null}]}