{"elementGlobalId":158611,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":17,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":4,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vascular Plant","nameCategoryDescEs":"Planta vascular","nameCategoryDescFr":"Plante vasculaire","nameTypeCd":"P","nameTypeDesc":"Botanical"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":4,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Expertise without calculation","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by inspection","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Adiantum capillus-veneris</i>","scientificName":"Adiantum capillus-veneris","scientificNameAuthor":"L.","primaryCommonName":"Southern Maidenhair Fern","relatedItisNames":"<i>Adiantum capillus-veneris</i> L. (TSN 17308)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158611","elcode":"PPADI03010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","conceptName":"<i>Adiantum capillus-veneris</i>","taxonomicComments":"Some have preferred to divide <i>Adiantum capillus-veneris </i>into three infraspecific taxa: var. <i>modestum </i>in Arizona, New Mexico and Utah; var. <i>protrusum </i>from the approximate remainder of the U.S. range (Lellinger 1985); and in addition the typical variety. However, most authors disregard this varietal separation or imply that it is not helpful (e.g., Cronquist et al. 1972, FNA vol. 2, 1993, Kartesz 1999). Plants counted in the eastern hemisphere have been diploid (2n = 60); in contrast, \"several tetraploid counts have been reported from North America... Spore-measurement data, however, suggest that the polyploid cytotype may not be widely distributed\" (FNA vol. 2, 1993).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2000-01-21","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"S. Spackman, D. Anderson and S. Thomas, 1/2000; rev. E. Nielsen, 1/2000.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":231270,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N1","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":442871,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":442871,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2022,"nrank":"N1","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":231270,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":211591,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":376125,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":376125,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":427355,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":427355,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":270675,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":270675,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":618544,"subnation":{"id":52,"nameEn":"Utah","nameEs":"Utah","nameFr":"Utah","subnationCode":"UT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":618544,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":463613,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":463613,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":611471,"subnation":{"id":4,"nameEn":"Arkansas","nameEs":"Arkansas","nameFr":"Arkansas","subnationCode":"AR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":611471,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":504706,"subnation":{"id":40,"nameEn":"Nevada","nameEs":"Nevada","nameFr":"Nevada","subnationCode":"NV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":504706,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":481756,"subnation":{"id":22,"nameEn":"Kentucky","nameEs":"Kentucky","nameFr":"Kentucky","subnationCode":"KY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":481756,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":548927,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":548927,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":620785,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":620785,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1215669,"subnation":{"id":21,"nameEn":"Kansas","nameEs":"Kansas","nameFr":"Kansas","subnationCode":"KS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1215669,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":560433,"subnation":{"id":8,"nameEn":"Colorado","nameEs":"Colorado","nameFr":"Colorado","subnationCode":"CO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":560433,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":609247,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":609247,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":318945,"subnation":{"id":88,"nameEn":"Navajo Nation","nameEs":"La Nación Navajo","nameFr":"Nation Navajo","subnationCode":"NN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":318945,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":393547,"subnation":{"id":16,"nameEn":"Hawaii","nameEs":"Hawai","nameFr":"Hawaï","subnationCode":"HI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":393547,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":431915,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SH","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SH","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":431915,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":330703,"subnation":{"id":50,"nameEn":"Tennessee","nameEs":"Tennessee","nameFr":"Tennessee","subnationCode":"TN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":330703,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":528231,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":528231,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":304167,"subnation":{"id":49,"nameEn":"South Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Sur","nameFr":"Dakota du Sud","subnationCode":"SD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":304167,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":365241,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":365241,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":585715,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":585715,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":485115,"subnation":{"id":43,"nameEn":"Oklahoma","nameEs":"Oklahoma","nameFr":"Oklahoma","subnationCode":"OK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":485115,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":606103,"subnation":{"id":30,"nameEn":"Missouri","nameEs":"Missouri","nameFr":"Missouri","subnationCode":"MO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":606103,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":415028,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":415028,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":211591,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T06:09:16.067467Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-03T02:45:59.472058Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158611/Adiantum_capillus-veneris","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1983-11-16","grankReviewDate":"2016-08-26","grankReasons":"Adiantum capillus-veneris is globally widespread in tropical and warm-temperate regions, including Eurasia, Africa, the West Indies, North America, Central America and South America (in Venezuela and Peru). The North American range includes roughly the southern one-third of the U.S., and within this range the species is fairly common and facing few threats.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":158611,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":{"id":7,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Few to several (1-12) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Gradualmente hasta unos pocos casos (1 a 12) adecuadamente protegidos y controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"De peu à quelques occurrences (de 1 à 12) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":33,"popSizeDescEn":"10,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 10.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 10 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":44,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Increase of >10%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Aumento de >10%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Augmentation de >10 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"This species is globally widespread in tropical and warm-temperate regions, including Eurasia, Africa, the West Indies, Central America and South America (in Venezuela and Peru). The North American range includes roughly the southern one-third of the U.S., with additional disjunct populations in South Dakota and British Columbia (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993). In North America, it is sometimes escaped from cultivation north of its natural range (Lellinger 1985, Gleason and Cronquist 1963). Populations in California may be introduced (Hickman 1993). Known in Colorado (Moffat, Mesa, Montrose, Ouray, Montezuma and Las Animas counties).<br /><br />","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"At least hundreds and possibly thousands of populations are extant rangewide, which is nearly cosmopolitan. Arkansas: common throughout the Ozarks (Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission); Kentucky: 31 occurrences documented, but several are general or unmappable records (Nick Drozda, pers. comm.); Georgia: documented in six counties (Georgia Natural Heritage Program); Mississippi: at least 100 populations likely, though the species is uncommon and has been documented in only two counties (Mississippi Natural Heritage Program); Missouri: widely scattered in appropriate habitat (Tim Smith, pers. comm.); Nevada: scattered in appropriate habitat in the south (Nevada Natural Heritage Program); Texas: locally common on seep zones and on creek banks in limestone canyons on the Edwards Plateau, hundreds to thousands of populations are estimated (Bill Carr, pers. comm.); British Columbia: one population known within a commercial resort development (British Columbia Conservation Data Centre); South Dakota: one occurrence, relatively stable since 1898 (David Ode, pers. comm.); Colorado: 12 known occurrences from five counties, but most have not been updated in over 30 years (Colorado Natural Heritage Program).","popSizeComments":"Uncommon (or locally common) in California (Hickman 1993). Rare in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia (Weakley 1997).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"An individual knowledgable about the U.S. herbal medicinal industry states that trade in the plant is minor, on the order of 150-300 pounds per year, and that it is probably the aboveground parts that are utilized (McGuffin, pers. comm.). <br /><br />Although this species is common on the Edwards Plateau in Texas, no evidence of collection has been observed (Bill Carr, pers. comm.). The closely related species, Adiantum pedatum is on the United Plant Savers \"To Watch List\" (United Plant Savers 2000). <br /><br />Seepages are the primary habitat of <i>A. capillus-veneris</i>. Seepages are vulnerable to changes in their water source, such as pollution or water diversion and loss. The threat of water diversion and loss is higher in arid regions, where water sources (including groundwater) are more coveted. In Kentucky, the impoundment of rivers and streams has inundated large areas of habitat for this species (Nick Drozda, pers. comm.).","shortTermTrendComments":"If this species is not native to California, as has been suggested, then <i>A. capillus-veneris </i>has increased significantly in California. Also, this plant has necessarily spread beyond its original range, probably moving northwards and escaping, due to its use in gardens (Lellinger 1985, Hickman 1993, Gleason and Cronquist 1963).","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":"This species was believed to be extirpated from Kentucky until the discovery of new populations in the late 1980s (Nick Drozda, pers. comm.).","numberProtEosComments":"Although not explicitly protected, 16 occurrences are contained within the Lake Cumberland Wildlife Management Area in Kentucky. One occurrence is found in the Daniel Boone National Forest and is included on their sensitive species list (Nick Drozda pers. comm.). In Colorado, there are two occurrences in Mesa Verde National Park, and two occurrences on the Uncompahgre National Forest; this species is a U.S. Forest Service sensitive species in this region (Colorado Natural Heritage Program). <br /><br />The plant is in cultivation, apparently in gardens for its ornamental value (Lellinger 1985, Hickman 1993). This species may be cultivated on a small scale by native plant nurseries for landscaping use (Tim Smith, pers. comm.). It does not appear to be cultivated for any other uses.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":null,"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":106577,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"The natural habitats of this species (mineralized seepages) often occur as very geographically distinctive units, especially in the arid U.S. Southwest, where canyon or drainage networks may be scattered and well defined; thus A. capillus-veneris populations in this region are probably often clustered and clearly separated. Unsuitable habitat separates locations where A. capillus-veneris can occur. <br><br>Justification: By its very nature, seeping water (and most flowing water) is derived from geographically larger areas of water intake which are themselves unsuitable habitats for this fern. <br><br>","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":"2000-01-21","versionAuthor":" Spackman, S.","versionNotes":" Colorado Natural Heritage Program","lastModified":"2020-02-25T17:09:04.965512Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":158611,"genusEconomicValue":true,"economicComments":"This species appears to have had some minor Native American medicinal use (Weiner 1980). It is used for coughs and is sometimes combined with licorice or licorice fern (Polypodium spp.) for this purpose. In decoction or as a syrup it makes a soothing, cooling drink for flu, fevers, and inflammation. It also is used to promote healthy hair (AllHerb 2000). It is reported to be used in the southwestern U.S. for building bones and cartilage; and it has similar uses as horsetails and nettles (Robyn Klein, pers. comm.). <br /><br />Prices for this species were found as follows: <br /><br />U.S., Internet: $24.71/120 tablets.","plantProductionMethods":[],"plantDurations":[{"plantCagDurationId":102436,"duration":{"id":3,"durationDescEn":"PERENNIAL","durationDescEs":"PERENNE","durationDescFr":"VIVACE","displayOrder":3}}],"plantEconomicUses":[{"plantCagEconomicUseId":101086,"economicUse":{"id":1,"economicUseDescEn":"FOOD","economicUseDescEs":"ALIMENTOS","economicUseDescFr":"ALIMENTATION","displayOrder":1}},{"plantCagEconomicUseId":101087,"economicUse":{"id":16,"economicUseDescEn":"MEDICINE/DRUG","economicUseDescEs":"MEDICAMENTOS/MEDICINAS","economicUseDescFr":"MÉDICATION/MÉDICAMENTS","displayOrder":16}},{"plantCagEconomicUseId":101088,"economicUse":{"id":45,"economicUseDescEn":"OTHER USES/PRODUCTS","economicUseDescEs":"OTROS USOS/PRODUCTOS","economicUseDescFr":"AUTRES UTILISATIONS/PRODUITS","displayOrder":46}}],"plantCommercialImportances":[{"plantCagCommImportId":100163,"commercialImportance":{"id":2,"commercialImportanceDescEn":"Minor cash crop","commercialImportanceDescEs":"Cultivo comercial menor","commercialImportanceDescFr":"Culture commerciale de petite ampleur","displayOrder":2}},{"plantCagCommImportId":100164,"commercialImportance":{"id":3,"commercialImportanceDescEn":"Indigenous crop","commercialImportanceDescEs":"Cultivo nativo","commercialImportanceDescFr":"Culture autochtone","displayOrder":3}}]},"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":158611,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Research is needed to determine whether Adiantum capillus-veneris populations in North America are conspecific with those of Eurasia and Africa. Eastern and western hemisphere populations, or subpopulations, may be restricted from interbreeding due to chromosome number differences alone (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993). Also, investigation to determine whether this species is native to California and to determine whether cultivated populations and thus garden-escapees represent North American material would be helpful in determining conservation strategies for A. capillus-veneris.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":157958,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":null,"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T04:41:11.691689Z"}],"references":[{"id":125643,"citation":"Carr, Bill. Botanist, Texas Conservation Data Center.","shortCitationAuthor":"Carr","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDCAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:25:16.519942Z"},{"id":140720,"citation":"Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal. 1972. Intermountain flora: vascular plants of the intermountain West, U.S.A. Volume One. Hafner Publishing Company, New York. 270 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Cronquist et al.","shortCitationYear":1972,"referenceCode":"B72CRO01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:13:13.493397Z"},{"id":144763,"citation":"Drozda, Nick. Field Botanist, Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort, KY","shortCitationAuthor":"Drozda","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDDRO01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:13:13.509004Z"},{"id":132991,"citation":"Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xvi + 475 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"FNA","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93FNA02HQUS","lastModified":"2024-07-05T22:45:33.79037Z"},{"id":100217,"citation":"Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, NY. 810 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gleason and Cronquist","shortCitationYear":1963,"referenceCode":"B63GLE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:29.492197Z"},{"id":149161,"citation":"Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 1392 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Great Plains Flora Association","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"B86GPF01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:58:59.683526Z"},{"id":116641,"citation":"Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1400 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hickman","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93HIC01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.684884Z"},{"id":140063,"citation":"Hitchcock, C.L., and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An Illustrated Manual. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 730 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hitchcock and Cronquist","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"B73HIT01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:56:46.963827Z"},{"id":146037,"citation":"Hitchcock, C.L., and A. Cronquist. 1974. Flora of the Pacific Northwest: An illustrated manual. 2nd printing, with corrections. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle. xix + 730 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hitchcock and Cronquist","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"B74HIT01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:36.992156Z"},{"id":154408,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kartesz","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94KAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.397953Z"},{"id":139081,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kartesz","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"B99KAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:04.413827Z"},{"id":102315,"citation":"Klein, Robyn. Instructor, Sweetgrass School of Herbalism. Personal communication.","shortCitationAuthor":"Klein","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDKLE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:58:59.683526Z"},{"id":101467,"citation":"Lellinger, D.B. 1985. A field manual of the ferns and fern-allies of the U.S. and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 389 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lellinger","shortCitationYear":1985,"referenceCode":"B85LEL01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:55:59.430862Z"},{"id":114048,"citation":"McGuffin, Michael. Personal communication. American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring MD","shortCitationAuthor":"McGuffin","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDMCG03HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:56:00.009313Z"},{"id":119003,"citation":"Ode, David. Botanist/Ecologist, South Dakota Natural Heritage Database. Personal communication.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ode","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDODE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:09:49.44333Z"},{"id":114494,"citation":"Smith, Tim. Personal communication. Botanist, Missouri Department of Conservation. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, MO","shortCitationAuthor":"Smith","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDSMI01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:56:31.759461Z"},{"id":761919,"citation":"Weiner, M.A. 1980. Earth Medicine Earth Food. Ballantine Books, New York. 230 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Weiner","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"B80WEI01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:58:59.683526Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":133758,"name":"Adiante cheveux-de-vénus","language":"FR"},{"id":127938,"name":"common maidenhair","language":"EN"},{"id":139128,"name":"Common Maidenhair","language":"EN"},{"id":100547,"name":"Southern Maidenhair","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":158611,"cites":null,"cosewic":{"id":3,"cosewicDescEn":"Endangered","cosewicDescEs":"En peligro de extinción","cosewicDescFr":"En voie de disparition","cosewicCode":"E"},"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":98,"level1":"Plants","level2":"Vascular Plants - Ferns and relatives","level3":"Leptosporangiate Ferns","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":93,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":5250},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Plantae","phylum":"Filicinophyta","taxclass":"Filicopsida","taxorder":"Filicales","family":"Pteridaceae","genus":"Adiantum","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":"Endangered/En voie de disparition","saraStatusDate":"2003-06-05","cosewicDate":"2011-05-06","interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":"Reason for designation: This delicate fern is known in Canada from three to four subpopulations in a single natural hot spring in southeastern British Columbia. It is threatened by changes in hydrology, development, recreational activities and collection, and is limited by availability of suitable microhabitat conditions. Large declines (greater than 90%) have been recorded in the past 10 years, though the plant may remain dormant underground and one subpopulation has rebounded after four survey years in which few or no fronds were detected.<br/><br/>Status history: Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1998, May 2000, and May 2011.","usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":"EBAR158611","ebarCanadianScope":true,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Vascular Plants","caGeneralStatusId":"GS000101"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":158611,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"<i>Adiantum capillus-veneris </i>occurs on moist, rocky areas - including moist cliffs and seeps (especially on calcareous or alkaline rocks or in very mineralized soil) (Cronquist et al. 1972), springs, wet stream banks (Great Plains Flora Association 1986), within the spray of waterfalls (Lellinger 1985), canyon walls in the southwest U.S., on building foundations, and on the mortar of storm drains. It is found at elevations from 0-2500 meters (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993).  It generally inhabits moist cliffs or slopes (Gleason and Cronquist 1963).","generalDescription":"<i>Adiantum capillus-veneris</i> is a fern with creeping rhizomes (i.e., spreading laterally) and fragile-looking, twice- or thrice-pinnately compound leaves with leaf blades from 8-30 cm in length (Lellinger 1985). The slender, dark rachis (stem) is smooth and shiny.","diagnosticCharacteristics":"This is the only <i>Adiantum</i> found at lower elevations. It is distinctive in its broad, delicate, fan-shaped leaflets. The sori (clusters of spore bearing structures) are marginal, borne beneath reflexed margins of the lobes on the leaf segments.<br />        From CNHP Wetland Guide 2012: <b>Main Characteristics</b>:<br />Ultimate leaf segments fan-shaped or irregularly rhombic<br />Frond once pinnate with a single main axis<br />Sori discontinuous and borne on the reflexed margins of the upper lobes of ultimate segments","speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":132991,"citation":"Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xvi + 475 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"FNA","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93FNA02HQUS","lastModified":"2024-07-05T22:45:33.79037Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}