{"elementGlobalId":140518,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":17,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":4,"iucnDescEn":"Endangered","iucnDescEs":"En peligro de extinción","iucnDescFr":"En voie de disparition","iucnCode":"EN"},"nameCategory":{"id":4,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vascular Plant","nameCategoryDescEs":"Planta vascular","nameCategoryDescFr":"Plante vasculaire","nameTypeCd":"P","nameTypeDesc":"Botanical"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":1,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>","scientificName":"Sequoia sempervirens","scientificNameAuthor":"(Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.","primaryCommonName":"Redwood","relatedItisNames":"<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i> (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. (TSN 183435)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140518","elcode":"PGTXO02010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","conceptName":"<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2020-04-30","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Morse, Larry E. (1996); rev. R. Bittman (2013), rev. 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It is generally found within 5-35 miles of the ocean, and apparently dependent on coastal humidity and fog (Griffith 1992).","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":90,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"126-500","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 126 a 500","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 126 à 500","bioticsKey":37},"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"The species is frequent within its geographic range, which extends from southwestern Oregon to Monterey County, California.","popSizeComments":"It is often the dominant forest tree within its habitat.","viabilityComments":"Some to many occurrences are estimated to have good viability, as most remaining coast redwoods are on protected lands now.","threatImpactComments":"Demand for timber on remaining private forest lands remains strong, with the wood having unique properties that make substitution difficult. Climate change is changing the environment of the north coast to be less foggy, and perhaps more prone to catastrophic fires. However, there is some evidence that there is increased tree growth (from core studies) in the past few decades, due to increased precipitation, which is also attributed to climate change.","shortTermTrendComments":"In the very short term view, redwoods have not declined much at all and are considered more or less stable.","longTermTrendComments":"Old growth redwood forests have mostly been cut for timber, but many of the better, remaining stands are now protected in parks and preserves. Substantial cutting of redwood, including second-growth, continues on private forest lands. Thus mature trees are far scarcer than 150 years ago but young trees are still quite numerous, and found nearly throughout the historical range of the species.","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Many occurrences protected in state parks and in Redwood National Park.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Coast Redwood readily recovers from moderate disturbance, although large trees take many centuries to grow to full size. Resprouts vigorously from stumps. 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In: Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Online. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ (accessed 1 Oct 2013).","shortCitationAuthor":"Griffith","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"N92GRI01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:25:25.691713Z"},{"id":116641,"citation":"Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1400 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hickman","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93HIC01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.684884Z"},{"id":154408,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. 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U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 375 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Little","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79LIT01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:07.632327Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":123580,"name":"redwood","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":140518,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":102,"level1":"Plants","level2":"Vascular Plants - Conifers and relatives","level3":"Conifers","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":101,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":5310},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Plantae","phylum":"Coniferophyta","taxclass":"Pinopsida","taxorder":"Pinales","family":"Cupressaceae","genus":"Sequoia","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Vascular Plants","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":140518,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"This species occurs in coastal (lowland) forests of northern and central California and southernmost Oregon.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":111930,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":23,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest/Woodland","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque/Tierras forestales ","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt/terrain boisé","displayOrder":1}},{"cagTerrHabId":111931,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":2,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Résineux","displayOrder":3}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":132991,"citation":"Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 1993a. 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