{"elementGlobalId":132753,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":17,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":4,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vascular Plant","nameCategoryDescEs":"Planta vascular","nameCategoryDescFr":"Plante vasculaire","nameTypeCd":"P","nameTypeDesc":"Botanical"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>","scientificName":"Dendrophylax lindenii","scientificNameAuthor":"(Lindl.) Benth. ex Rolfe","primaryCommonName":"Ghost Orchid","relatedItisNames":"<i>Polyradicion lindenii</i> (Lindl.) Garay (TSN 504523)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132753","elcode":"PMORC22010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","conceptName":"<i>Polyradicion lindenii</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G1","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2022-02-03","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Ogle, Y., rev. D. White (1991), rev. George Gann, Amanda Treher, and Ghost Orchid Assessment Team (C.L. Angelo, E.B. Mújica, M. Danaher, M. Owen, L.W. Zettler, F. Price, A. Jenkins, M.E. Abdo, C. Washburn, A.J. Pernas) (2021), rev. Treher (2022)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":200458,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N1","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":578226,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":578226,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2021,"nrank":"N1","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":200458,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T03:53:49.223125Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-03T02:45:59.472058Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132753/Dendrophylax_lindenii","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2021-11-01","grankReviewDate":"2021-11-01","grankReasons":"<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i> is a perennial, epiphytic orchid that occurs in Cuba and the United States. In the U.S.A., it occurs on the southwestern tip of Florida. Multiple serious factors in the past have caused declines in population size, number of occurrences, area of occupancy, range extent, and viability of occurrences, and the current combined level of threat is considered very high. The Ghost Orchid is a visually striking and iconic species of South Florida swamps, which has contributed to the demand of this species in the specialty horticultural trade and the desire of many to see it in the wild; both of these activities threaten the species. In addition, the species is threatened by alterations to hydrology, wildfire, threats to host plants, sea level rise, and severe storms, including hurricanes.","grank":"G1","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":132753,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":1,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Very narrow.  Specialist or community with key requirements scarce.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Muy estrecho.  Especialista o comunidad con requisitos claves escasos.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Très étroit. Spécialistes ou communautés répondant aux critères clés sont rares."},"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":46,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","longTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","longTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberEos":{"id":10,"numberEosDescEn":"21 - 80","numberEosDescEs":"De 21 a 80","numberEosDescFr":"De 21 à 80"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":12,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Few (4-12)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Pocos (4-12)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Peu (de 4 à 12)"},"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":16,"popSizeDescEn":"250 - 1000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 250 a 1.000 individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 250 à 1 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":30,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"De 20.000 a 200.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a 80.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à 200 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à 80 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":1,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of >90%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de >90%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de >90 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":1,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Very high","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Muy alto","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Très élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"<i>Dendrophylax </i><i>lindenii </i>occurs in Cuba and the United States, where it is found at the southwestern tip of Florida in Collier, Hendry, and Lee counties. In Cuba, the only verified extant occurrence is in western Cuba in Guanahacabibes. There are historical records and reports from eastern Cuba in Las Tunas, Granma, Santiago de Cuba, Guantanamo, and Holguin, and an uncorroborated report from the Zapata Swamp of western Cuba. The current range extent is estimated at 28,284 sq. km but prior to declines in Lee County, Florida, and eastern Cuba, it was around 354,384 sq. km.","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":85,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"26-125","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 26 a 125","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 26 à 125","bioticsKey":32},"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"There are 22 known extant occurrences estimated based on a standard separation distance of 1 km. All but one occurrence is in the United States. There is some uncertainty in the number of extant occurrences, as much of the data are considered highly sensitive with precise coordinates withheld by the land manager or agency. Including uncorroborated reports from Lee County, Florida, the Zapata Swamp of western Cuba, and scattered reports from eastern Cuba, there could be as many 27 occurrences globally, but this is considered unlikely.","popSizeComments":"The known global population, including seedlings and mature plants, was estimated at 1,725 individuals in October of 2021, with 1,495 individuals in the United States. However, in the United States, the current estimate could be 100 more or less with new discoveries and mortality of plants. The number of mature individuals is likely between 750 and 891, with direct counts from Cuba documenting 147 mature plants, direct counts from the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge (Panther Refuge) documenting 168 mature plants, and an estimated percentage of mature plants in the remainder of the United States populations based on the percentage of mature individuals (40-53%) documented in annual population counts between 2015 and 2020 in the Panther Refuge (Mújica et al. 2021). Over the next decade, populations in the Panther Refuge are projected to decline by 20%. The underlying cause is believed to be unsuitable conditions for reproduction, specifically seedling recruitment. Any additional factor impacting mortality, such as hurricanes, would magnify the population decline (Mújica et al. 2021). Similarly, a negative annual population growth rate is documented in Cuba and it is further projected that the species could be extirpated within a 25-year horizon with an increase in the frequency of hurricanes there (Raventós et al. 2015).","viabilityComments":"The current estimate of occurrences with good viability is four, three in Florida and one in Cuba, and is based on occurrences with more than 100 reproductively mature plants and at least some consistent seedling recruitment; however, the persistence of even these populations is uncertain.","threatImpactComments":"This species is seriously threatened by multiple stressors including collection for the horticulture trade or private collectors (poaching); unregulated visitor activity (including professional commercial ventures) during the bloom period; altered hydrology from water diversion, dams, roads, trails, and drought; dry-season (mostly Winter and Spring), drought related, and soil fires (specifically at Big Cypress National Preserve and Picayune State Forest in Florida); and hurricanes and strong storms. Highly competitive invasive plant species, like <i>Lygodium microphyllum</i>, can overtop and kill canopy trees, including host trees, and potentially kill Ghost Orchid plants by depriving them of sunlight. Invasive species can take advantage of disturbances including those created by hurricanes, storms, and dry-season fires, or can exacerbate fire intensity. Horticultural pests, like soft scales (<i>Pulvinaria</i> spp.) and mealybugs (<i>Ferrisia</i> spp.) have been found and could become a threat in the future (Zettler et al. 2012). The alteration of the species hydrology, either by anthropogenic causes, e.g., canals, or natural causes (drought) alters the humidity and habitat this species needs to persist. In Florida, Hurricane Irma destroyed host trees with individuals growing on them and opened up parts of the canopy on the edge of habitat, creating unfavorable habitat (lower humidity and more exposed conditions). In future storms, surge could impact coastal populations, or severe flooding at the root zone could kill plants on host trees; sea level rise will exacerbate these threats. In western Cuba, it has been predicted that this species could become extinct within 25 years if the annual probability of disturbances, including hurricanes, exceeds 14% (Raventós et al. 2015). Oil and gas related threats are an issue at Big Cypress National Preserve but are currently believed to be a low-level threat. There are several potential threats common in the region or in the vicinity of the species but do not pose a direct threat to the species currently. They include development, agriculture related impacts, road and utility lines, and various forms of pollution. While currently not a threat, the loss of host trees due to the invasive Emerald Ash Borer (<i>Agrilus planipennis</i>) is a potential but unlikely threat. The warm temperatures in Florida and Cuba are believed to inhibit the spread of the Emerald Ash Borer as the species has failed to migrate to Florida (USDA 2021).","shortTermTrendComments":"<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i> is long-lived and may take 15 years or more to reach reproductive maturity; the oldest known plant in the wild was observed as a reproductive adult in 1993 and the species is expected to live 40 or 50 or more years in the wild. The short-term trend is considered over 100 years when there were significant declines in population size, range extent, area of occupancy, and viability of occurrences driven by multiple factors including poaching, hurricane damage, extensive logging operations, and large-scale land conversion both in Florida and Cuba. In Florida, as part of World War II measures, extensive logging of old-growth cypress began in 1944 in the Big Cypress Basin, including what is now Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park and Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, two major habitats for the species. Access to cypress logs was facilitated by an extensive railroad network, which caused additional damage. All old growth cypress forests were logged west of what is now Big Cypress National Preserve north to, but excluding, Audubon’s Corkscrew Swamp in northern Collier County. It is presumed that many Ghost Orchid plants, including older and more productive mature specimens, were killed during the logging process. More than 90% of historical Ghost Orchid habitat in Florida lies outside of Big Cypress National Preserve in western Collier, southern and central Lee, and southern Hendry counties. In addition to logging, that entire area has been subjected to massive agricultural and land development, drainage, and other hydrological modifications. In the Fakahatchee Strand, eight percent of 125 plants tracked over a 15-year period were poached. In Cuba, a negative annual population growth rate is documented, and it is further projected that the species could be extirpated within a 25-year horizon with an increase in the frequency of hurricanes (Raventós et al. 2015). For short-term trend percentages, we calculated a 92% decline in range extent from the historical estimate of 354,384 sq. km to the current estimate of 28,284 sq. km.","longTermTrendComments":"The long-term trend is unknown and includes the loss of populations in eastern Cuba. The historical size of these populations is unknown.","inventoryNeeds":"More extensive surveys are needed at some sites including Picayune Strand State Forest and an occurrence reported from Lee County in Florida, and in the Zapata Swamp and eastern Cuba.","numberProtEosComments":"Some occurrences are protected in conservation areas, but current management is insufficient to protect the species from poaching and other threats. It occurs on state and federally owned lands in Florida including Big Cypress National Preserve, Collier Seminole State Park, Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, and Picayune Strand State Forest (Gann et al. 2021). The species is believed to be extirpated from county-owned Six Mile Cypress Slough Preserve in Lee County (Gann et al. 2021). In Cuba, it is documented extant only at Guanahacabibes National Park (E.B. Mújica, pers. comm., 2021).","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":"This species is not only reliant on a relatively narrow set of habitat conditions, but it also has few pollinators and relies on a single genus of orchid mycorrhizal fungi for seedling germination (Hoang et al. 2016) likely targeting a single clade of <i>Ceratobasidium</i> representing a rare Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) (Johnson 2019)."},"animalCharacteristics":null,"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":103622,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Use the Habitat-based Plant Element Occurrence Delimitation Guidance, 1 October 2004, to develop occurrences.<br>For a complete description of this approach, see the Habitat-Based Strategy for Delimiting Plant Element Occurrences: Guidance from the 2004 Working Group.","separationJustification":null,"versionDate":"2004-10-01","versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:06:25.471568Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":132753,"genusEconomicValue":false,"economicComments":"This species is collected from the wild for the horticulture trade or private collectors, in part because it is challenging to cultivate from seed and establish under greenhouse conditions (Hoang et al. 2016).","plantProductionMethods":[{"plantCagProdMethodId":100244,"productionMethod":{"id":1,"productionMethodDescEn":"Wild-harvested","productionMethodDescEs":"Cosecha silvestre","productionMethodDescFr":"Récolté dans la nature","displayOrder":1}}],"plantDurations":[{"plantCagDurationId":103638,"duration":{"id":3,"durationDescEn":"PERENNIAL","durationDescEs":"PERENNE","durationDescFr":"VIVACE","displayOrder":3}}],"plantEconomicUses":[{"plantCagEconomicUseId":102887,"economicUse":{"id":36,"economicUseDescEn":"LANDSCAPING","economicUseDescEs":"PAISAJISMO","economicUseDescFr":"AMÉNAGEMENT PAYSAGER","displayOrder":37}},{"plantCagEconomicUseId":102888,"economicUse":{"id":37,"economicUseDescEn":"Cultivated ornamental","economicUseDescEs":"Cultivo ornamental","economicUseDescFr":"Ornemental cultivé","displayOrder":38}}],"plantCommercialImportances":[]},"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":132753,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"Protect hydrology of these wetland forests.","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"More research is needed to understand the impact of fire on the species and its hosts, dispersal distances and mechanisms, and recruitment requirements. Historical research on short and long-term trends in Cuba would be extremely helpful.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":133413,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":null,"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T03:39:32.231547Z"}],"references":[{"id":1101476,"citation":"Danaher, M.W., C. Ward, L.W. Zettler, and C.V. Covell. 2020. Pollinia Removal and Suspected Pollination of the Endangered Ghost Orchid, <i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i> (Orchidaceae) by Various Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Another Mystery Dispelled. Florida Entomologist 102(4):671-683.","shortCitationAuthor":"Danaher et al.","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"A20DAN01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":157373,"citation":"Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"FNA","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02FNA26HQUS","lastModified":"2024-07-05T22:45:38.775521Z"},{"id":1099906,"citation":"Gann, G.D., C.G. Stocking, and collaborators. 2001-2021. Floristic Inventory of South Florida Database Online. The Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, Florida. Online. Available: http://regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/search/QuickSearch.asp (accessed 2021).","shortCitationAuthor":"Gann et al.","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"W21GAN01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1106651,"citation":"Hoang, N.H., M.E. Kane, E.N. Radcliffe, L.W. Zettler, and L.W. Richardson. 2016. Comparative seed germination and seedling development of the Ghost Orchid, <i>Dendrophylax lindenii </i>(Orchidaceae), and molecular identification of its mycorrhizal fungus from South Florida. Annals of Botany 119(3):379–393.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hoang et al.","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"A16HOA01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1068563,"citation":"Houlihan, P.R., M. Stone, S.E. Clem, M. Owen, and T.C. Emmel. 2019. Pollination ecology of the ghost orchid (<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>): A first description with new hypotheses for Darwin’s orchids. Scientific Reports 9:12850.","shortCitationAuthor":"Houlihan et al.","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"A19HOU01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1104675,"citation":"Johnson, J.A.N. 2019. Investigating Specificity and Diversity of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi of <i>Vanilla planifolia</i> and <i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>. Ph.D. Dissertation. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Johnson","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"N19JOH01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":154408,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kartesz","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94KAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.397953Z"},{"id":1104673,"citation":"Mújica, E.B., A.R. Herdman, M.W. Danaher, E.H. González, and L.W. Zettler. 2021. Projected Status of the Ghost Orchid (<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>) in Florida during the Next Decade Based on Temporal Dynamic Studies Spanning Six Years. Plants 10(8): 1579.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mújica et al.","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"A21MUJ01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1068567,"citation":"Mújica, E.B., J.J. Mably, S.M. Skarha, L.L. Corey, L.W. Richardson, M.W. Danaher, E.H. González, and L.W. Zettler. 2018. A comparision of ghost orchid (<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>) habitats in Florida and Cuba, with particular reference to seedling recruitment and mycorrhizal fungi. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 186:572-586.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mújica et al.","shortCitationYear":2018,"referenceCode":"A18MUJ01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1106643,"citation":"Mújica, Ernesto. Personal Communication. Cuban orchid specialist. Orquideario Soroa, Pinar Del Rio, Cuba.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mújica","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDMUJ01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1105033,"citation":"Raventós, J., E. González, E. Mújica, and D.F. Doak. 2015. Population viability analysis of the epiphytic ghost orchid (<i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i>) in Cuba. Biotropica 47(2):179–189.","shortCitationAuthor":"Raventós et al.","shortCitationYear":2015,"referenceCode":"A15RAV01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1105102,"citation":"USDA. 2021. Initial county EAB detections in North America – January 4, 2021. Online. Available: http://www.emeraldashborer.info/documents/MultiState_EABpos.pdf (accessed 2021).","shortCitationAuthor":"USDA","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"W21USD02HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1119511,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2022. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Findings for Four Species. Federal Register 87(201):63468-63472.","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2022,"referenceCode":"N22FWS30HQUS","lastModified":"2022-11-03T22:32:28.065457Z"},{"id":1132439,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2023. National Listing Workplan. Online. Available: https://www.fws.gov/project/national-listing-workplan","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"N23FWS20HQUS","lastModified":"2023-10-06T21:51:12.565113Z"},{"id":1161614,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2024. National Listing Workplan. Online. Available: https://www.fws.gov/project/national-listing-workplan.","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2024,"referenceCode":"N24FWS14HQUS","lastModified":"2026-01-10T04:14:57.315543Z"},{"id":1154452,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2025. Endangered Species Status for Ghost Orchid. Proposed rule. Federal Register 90(107): 23869-23883.","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"N25FWS05HQUS","lastModified":"2025-07-04T10:06:00.410314Z"},{"id":1105103,"citation":"Zettler, J.A., L.W. Zettler, and L.W. Richardson. 2012. Pestiferous Scale Insects on Native Epiphytic Orchids in South Florida: A New Threat Posed by Introduced Species. Southeastern Naturalist 11(1):127–134.","shortCitationAuthor":"Zettler et al.","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"A12ZET01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"},{"id":1101475,"citation":"Zettler, L.W., M.E. Kane, E.B. Mújica, L.L. Corey, and L.W. Richardson. 2019. The ghost orchid demystified: biology, ecology, and conservation of <i>Dendrophylax lindenii</i> in Florida and Cuba. Pages 136–148 in: Pridgeon A.M., and A.R. Arosemena, editors. Proceedings of the 22nd World Orchid Conference. Asociación Ecuatoriana de Orquideologia, Guayaquil, Ecuador.","shortCitationAuthor":"Zettler et al.","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"A19ZET01HQUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T19:18:09.653167Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":132411,"name":"Palmpolly","language":"EN"},{"id":132410,"name":"palmpolly","language":"EN"},{"id":198798,"name":"Palm Polly","language":"EN"},{"id":198799,"name":"White Frog Orchid","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":132753,"cites":{"id":2,"citesDescEn":"Appendix II","citesDescEs":"Apéndice II","citesDescFr":"Annexe II"},"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":{"id":4,"fwsRegionDescEn":"Southeast","fwsRegionDescEs":"Sureste","fwsRegionDescFr":"Sud-Est"},"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":{"id":3,"usesaDescEn":"Proposed endangered","usesaDescEs":"Propuesto como en peligro de extinción","usesaDescFr":"Suggestion d'espèce en voie de disparition","usesaCode":"PE"},"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":107,"level1":"Plants","level2":"Vascular Plants - Flowering Plants","level3":"Monocots","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":106,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":5410},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Plantae","phylum":"Anthophyta","taxclass":"Monocotyledoneae","taxorder":"Orchidales","family":"Orchidaceae","genus":"Dendrophylax","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":"2025-06-05","interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":"USFWS has initiated a status review to determine if listing is warranted (USFWS 2022). Included in the USFWS FY23-27 National Domestic Listing Workplan (April 14, 2023 version) (USFWS 2023) and the USFWS FY24-28 National Domestic Listing Workplan (May 23, 2024 version) (USFWS 2024). In the June 5, 2025 Federal Register, <i>Dendrophylax lindenii </i>is proposed endangered.","completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":146332,"synonym":"Polyradicion lindenii","synonymAuthor":"(Lindl.) Cogn. ex Urban","formattedSynonym":"<i>Polyradicion lindenii</i>"},{"id":106197,"synonym":"Polyrrhiza lindenii","synonymAuthor":"(Lindl.) 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High humidity plays an important role in multiple aspects of the plant's life cycle, including enhancing seedling germination and survival, and in the production of nectar which attracts pollinators (Mújica et al. 2021). This species relies on a single genus of orchid mycorrhizal fungi for seedling germination (Hoang et al. 2016), likely targeting a single clade of <i>Ceratobasidium</i> representing a rare Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) (Johnson 2019).","generalDescription":"The ghost orchid, is an epiphytic, leafless plant with chlorophyllous roots. 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