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In North America, this species is found in cold waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, from British Columbia and the Northwest Territories (historic) east to Newfoundland Island, Canada, and Maine south through North Carolina in the eastern United States, and Alaska and Washington south to California in the western United States through western Mexico. There are over 1,000 estimated occurrences of this species worldwide, which are threatened by climate change, storm events such as cyclones, tsunamis, destructive fishing practices, invasive species, boat propellers, coastal development, disease outbreaks, and impacts to water quality as a result of nutrient addition and sedimentation. With a large range extent and large number of occurrences, abundant habitat, and broad habitat preferences, <i>Zostera marina</i> is considered secure. However, large-scale declines have been observed for seagrasses worldwide, and the status of this species should be monitored frequently. 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In North America, this species occurs in cold waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, from British Columbia and the Northwest Territories (historic) east to Newfoundland Island, Canada, and Maine south through North Carolina in the eastern United States, and Alaska and Washington south to California in the western United States through western Mexico (FNA 2000, Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team 2025). 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In addition, this species often occurs in single-species stands which can be vulnerable to disease outbreaks. In the 1930s, a \"wasting disease\" killed as much as 90% of <i>Zostera marina </i>populations occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean (Muehlstein 1989).","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"Large-scale declines of <i>Zostera marina </i>along European and North American coastlines<i> </i>have been observed over the last century (Valdemarsen et al. 2010). Globally, approximately 29% (or 51,000 square kilometers) of seagrass meadows have been lost in the past 127 years as a result of direct impact from coastal development or indirect impacts from declining water quality (Waycott et al. 2009). Note though that the definition of \"seagrasses\" according to this study include all species in the following genera: <i>Zostera</i>, <i>Thalassia</i>, and <i>Posidonia</i>. In addition, over 90% of <i>Zostera marina </i>occurring in the northern Atlantic Ocean were killed following a \"wasting disease\" outbreak of unknown cause in the 1930s (Muehlstein 1989).","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":"Seagrasses worldwide are facing declines, and<i> Zostera marina</i> is in need of protection, monitoring, management, and restoration (Orth et al. 2006).","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Northern populations of this species have lower genetic diversity, flower less frequently, and have a higher degree of clonality than southern populations (Les 2020). 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