{"elementGlobalId":131072,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":17,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":4,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vascular Plant","nameCategoryDescEs":"Planta vascular","nameCategoryDescFr":"Plante vasculaire","nameTypeCd":"P","nameTypeDesc":"Botanical"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":1,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Legacy Rank calculation - Excel v3.1x","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>","scientificName":"Carnegiea gigantea","scientificNameAuthor":"(Engelm.) Britt. & Rose","primaryCommonName":"Saguaro","relatedItisNames":"<i>Carnegia gigantea</i> (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose (TSN 501299), <i>Carnegiea gigantea</i> (Engelm.) Britton & Rose (TSN 506151)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131072","elcode":"PDCAC12010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","conceptName":"<i>Carnegia gigantea</i>","taxonomicComments":"FNA (vol. 4) accepts the name <i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>. The name <i>Carnegia gigantea</i> is used by Kartesz (1999) in his Synthesis of the North America Flora, however, it appears that the genus name represents a misspelling, as Index Nominum Genericorum indicates that <i>Carnegia</i> as a genus is placed in another family, other than Cactaceae (Chrsostomataceae). The spelling of the genus as applied to the cactus species is <i>Carnegiea (Carnegiea gigantea) </i>as per Index Nominum Genericorum. All other sources consulted regarding this cactus spell the genus '<i>Carnegiea' </i>after Andrew Carnegie.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2013-09-27","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Oliver, L.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":222346,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":615262,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":615262,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":579086,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":579086,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":222346,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T03:44:08.953586Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-03T02:45:59.472058Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.131072/Carnegiea_gigantea","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1993-07-07","grankReviewDate":"2013-09-27","grankReasons":"The Saguaro is only found in the Sonoran Desert, which extends from Arizona south through Sonora, Mexico. It is a keystone species to the desert habitats throughout the Sonoran Desert ecosystem. It is threatened by grazing, invasive species, poaching, urban expansion and other anthropogenic threats. For many decades this species has declined, however, census information from 2010 indicate that recruitment, as measured by the numbers of small saguaro, was substantially higher than at previous times.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":131072,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":9,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Moderate to broad.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Moderado a amplio.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"De modéré à vaste."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":1,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Highly vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Altamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Très vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":38,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to increase of 25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a aumento de 25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à augmentation de 25 %"},"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":{"id":6,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Few (1-3) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Pocos casos (1 a 3) están adecuadamente protegidos y controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"Peu d’occurrences (de 1 à 3) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":36,"popSizeDescEn":">1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":">1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":">1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":30,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"De 20.000 a 200.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a 80.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à 200 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à 80 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":43,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Increase of 10-25%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Aumenta del 10 al 25%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Augmentation de 10 à 25 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":3,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Very high - medium","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Muy alto - medio","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Moyen — très élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"The entire range of the Saguaro is from northwestern Arizona, near Kingman, to Sonora, Mexico near Navajoa. There area a few isolated populations in California, west of the Colorado River (Thornton 2008). Believed to cover approximately 19,000 sq miles in Arizona, with the highest quality habitat, linked with rainfall, is only 5% of its range in Arizona (Thornton 2008).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"Estimates are between 25 million and two billion (Thornton 2008).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"A number of threats exists to this iconic species of the southwestern, Sonoran Desert.<br /><br />Grazing has a long established history throughout the Saguaro's range, and results in trampling seedlings and their needed nurse-plants but also cause soil compaction which reduces the water permeability of the soil (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Invasive plants, especially Buffelgrass, <i>Cenchrus ciliaris (=Pennisetum ciliare),</i> which was introduced to repair the landscape from grazing, increases the fuel-load across the Sonoran Desert which make damaging fire more likely to occur. Saguaro and many desert plants do not have adaptations to recurrent fire (Van Devender and Dimmitt 2006). Chemical control measures, and hand-pulling of Buffelgrass by volunteers is occurring to mitigate the effects of the invasive to the Sonoran Desert ecosystem and to the Saguaro, (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Climate change is also a threat. Distribution shifts are likely to occur as temperatures increase (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Smuggling of drugs and people, and the related law enforcement activities degrade the Sonoran Desert habitat by causing disturbance to the vegetation, erosion, and damage to the soil (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Epidermal browning causes a thickening of the plant's skin, and ultimately reduces saguaro's ability to photosynthesize causing premature mortality. While the cause of epidermal browning is not completely understood, some theories link it to ozone depletion and air pollution (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Poaching is a threat, especially of saguaro that have 'crested' (formed a fan-like structure) (Thornton 2007), but to non-crested individuals as saguaro are in demand for low-water landscaping and poachers can turn a quick profit (Thornton 2008).<br /><br />Finally, development is a threat as development expands into the Sonoran Desert (Thornton 2008)..","shortTermTrendComments":"Monitoring of the Saguaro throughout its range, and in the Saguaro National Park has occurred for many years. Up until the mid-1990s decline in saguaro was a major focus at the Saguaro National Park, but the favorable conditions of the 1970s and 1980s meant that recruitment surged and that many small, and young saguaro survived and were accounted for in the 2010 Saguaro Census (O'Brien et al. 2011). Further, O'Brien et al. (2010) note that between 1990 and 2010 the number of saguaro has substantially increased mostly in the 0.1-1.99 m height class, and that many being detected in 2010 for the first time. Finally, the next Saguaro Census will take place in 2020 and again in 2030 (O'Brien et al. 2011).","longTermTrendComments":"In the 1930s, there were massive die-offs of saguaro east of Tuscon due to extended freezes (Thornton 2007). Saguaro populations declined from the 1940s through the 1960s, and in the 1970s a spike in recruitment was documented as mature saguaro continued to decline (O'Brien et al. 2011, Thornton 2008). Environmental degradation from wood-cutting and grazing, combined with cold climates are believed to be the culprits of the decline documented in the 1940-1960s. Conversely, the increase in recruitment and survivorship in the 1970s and the 1980s is believed to be attributed to warmer winters and increased precipitation (O'Brien et al. 2011). Thornton (2008) presents a synopsis of Dr. Ray Turner's long-term study plots across the entire range (US and MX), which shows a decline over most of the Saguaro's range, from 1959-2005.","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Fragile to changes in the desert environment. The reproduction of saguaro is tightly linked, and episodic, depending on plentiful summer rain, pre-monsoon rainfall and lack of extreme freezes (Drezner 2006). Further, seedlings of saguaro require a nurse-plant association in order to survive the extreme desert climate in the early years of growth, and among nurse plants available (<i>Larrea tridentata </i>e.g.<i>)</i>, saguaro are found disproportionately under species of <i>Ambrosia</i>. It is believed that A. deltoidea and other A. spp. provide the most beneficial microclimate for saguaro seedline survival (Drezner 2006).","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"In a long-term study of temporal changes at a site in the McDougal Crater in the Sierra del Pinacate Reserve in Sonora, Mexico, Turner (1990) found populations increased fourfold over the first half of the 20th Century with three established peaks during the 1790-1960 period (associated with unusually high precipitation during certain seasons, although mature plants of <i>Carnegiea </i>appear less affected by drought than plants of <i>Larrea </i>and <i>Cercidium</i>)."},"animalCharacteristics":null,"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":102383,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Use the Habitat-based Plant Element Occurrence Delimitation Guidance, 1 October 2004, to develop occurrences.<br>For a complete description of this approach, see the Habitat-Based Strategy for Delimiting Plant Element Occurrences: Guidance from the 2004 Working Group.","separationJustification":null,"versionDate":"2004-10-01","versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":131072,"genusEconomicValue":false,"economicComments":null,"plantProductionMethods":[],"plantDurations":[],"plantEconomicUses":[],"plantCommercialImportances":[]},"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":131072,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"Protect from collecting if occurrence significant.","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":131819,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":null,"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T03:35:29.602987Z"}],"references":[{"id":748999,"citation":"Bruhn, J. G. 1971. <i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>: the saguaro and its uses. Economic Botany 25(3):320-329.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bruhn","shortCitationYear":1971,"referenceCode":"A71BRU01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668127,"citation":"Crimmins, T.M., M.A. Crimmins, and C.D. Bertelsen. 2010. Complex responses to climate drivers in onset of spring flowering across a semi-arid elevation gradient. Journal of Ecology 98(5):  1042-1051.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crimmins et al.","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"A10CRI01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":751287,"citation":"Drezner, T. D. 2006a. Plant facilitation in extreme environments: The non-random distribution of saguaro cacti <i>(Carnegiea gigantea)</i> under their nurse associates and the relationship to nurse architecture. Journal of Arid Environments 65(1): 46-61.","shortCitationAuthor":"Drezner","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06DRE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668123,"citation":"Drezner, T.D. and C. M. Garrity. Saguaro distribution under nurse plants in Arizona's Sonoran desert: directional and microclimate influences. The Professional Geographer. 55(4): 505-512.","shortCitationAuthor":"Drezner and Garrity ","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03DRE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":279950,"citation":"Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2003b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 4, Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 559 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"FNA","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"B03FNA04HQUS","lastModified":"2024-07-05T22:45:26.559273Z"},{"id":154408,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kartesz","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94KAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.397953Z"},{"id":116281,"citation":"Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 375 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Little","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79LIT01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:07.632327Z"},{"id":668167,"citation":"McAuliffe, J. R. 1984. Sahuaro-Nurse tree associations in the Sonoran Desert: competitive effects of sahuaros. <i>Oecologia</i> 64(3): 319-321.","shortCitationAuthor":"McAuliffe","shortCitationYear":1984,"referenceCode":"A84MCA02HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":751293,"citation":"O'Brien, K., D. E. Swann, A. C. Springer. 2011. Results of the 2010 Saguaro Census at Saguaro National Park. Report to Saguaro National Park and the Friends of Saguaro National Park. United States Deparment of the Interior, National Park Service, Saguaro National Park. Tucson, AZ.  48pp.  Accessed online on Sept. 27, 2013 at: http://www.nps.gov/sagu/naturescience/upload/Saguaro-Census-2011.pdf","shortCitationAuthor":"O'Brien et al.","shortCitationYear":2011,"referenceCode":"U11OBR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668424,"citation":"Pavek, D. S. 1993. <i>Carnegiea gigante</i>a. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2011, April 25].","shortCitationAuthor":"Pavek","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"U93PAV02HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668125,"citation":"Rehfeldt, G.E., N.L. Crookston., M.V. Warwell., and J.S. Evans. 2006. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167(6):  1123-1150.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rehfeldt et al.","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06REH01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668495,"citation":"Rojas-Arechiga, M., and C. Vazquez-Yanes. 2000. Cactus Seed Germination: A Review. Journal of Arid Environments 44:85-104.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rojas-Arechiga and Vazquez-Yanes","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00ROJ01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":751288,"citation":"Thornton, B. 2007a. The Crested Saguaro. Cactus and Succulent Journal 96(4): 152-158.","shortCitationAuthor":"Thornton","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"A07THO02HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":751295,"citation":"Thornton, B. 2008a. How many Saguaros? Cactus and Succulent Journal 80(4): 160-169.","shortCitationAuthor":"Thornton","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08THO01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":667795,"citation":"Turner, R.M. 1990. Long-term vegetation change at a fully protected Sonoran desert site. Ecology 71(2):464-477.","shortCitationAuthor":"Turner","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"A90TUR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"},{"id":668067,"citation":"Valiente-Banuet, A., and H. Godinez-Alvarez. 2002. Population and Community Ecology. Pages 91-108. in: P. Nobel, editor. Cacti: Biology and Uses. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Valiente-Banuet and Godinez-Alvarez ","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02VAL01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:55:31.571093Z"},{"id":751294,"citation":"Van Devender, T. R., and M. A. Dimmitt. 2006a. Final report on Conservation of Arizona Upland Sonoran Desert Habitat. Status and threats of Buffelgrass (<i>Pennisetum ciliare</i>) in Arizona and Sonora. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Accessed online on Sept. 27, 2013 at: https://www.desertmuseum.org/programs/buffel_survey_report.pdf","shortCitationAuthor":"Van Devender and Dimmitt","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"U06VAN01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T16:02:15.671024Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":128822,"name":"saguaro","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":131072,"cites":{"id":2,"citesDescEn":"Appendix II","citesDescEs":"Apéndice II","citesDescFr":"Annexe II"},"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":null,"nomenclaturallyEst":{"id":1,"nomenclaturallyEstDescEn":"Yes","nomenclaturallyEstDescEs":"Sí","nomenclaturallyEstDescFr":"Oui"},"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":108,"level1":"Plants","level2":"Vascular Plants - Flowering Plants","level3":"Dicots","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":106,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":5420},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Plantae","phylum":"Anthophyta","taxclass":"Dicotyledoneae","taxorder":"Caryophyllales","family":"Cactaceae","genus":"Carnegiea","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":111871,"synonym":"Carnegia gigantea","synonymAuthor":"(Engelm.) Britt. & Rose","formattedSynonym":"<i>Carnegia gigantea</i>"},{"id":106846,"synonym":"Cereus giganteus","synonymAuthor":"Engelm.","formattedSynonym":"<i>Cereus giganteus</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Vascular Plants","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":131072,"reproductionComments":"The Saguaro cactus produces fleshy-fruits which animals consume and disperse (Valiente-Banuet and Godinez-Alvarez 2002).","ecologyComments":"Saguaros utilize nurse plants in early developmental stages to survive harsh desert climates.  Nurse plants provide favorable microclimate conditions for young saguaros and in some cases are thought to provide a degree of protection from enemies or physical damage.  Saguaros are commonly associated with <i>Ambrosia deltoidea, Cercidium microphyllum, </i>and <i>Olneya tesota</i> but utlize other species or shelter from abiotic elements.  ","habitatComments":"Rocky or gravelly well-drained soils of foot-hill, canyons, benches and along washes in the desert.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":154408,"citation":"Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kartesz","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94KAR01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:54:02.397953Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":25927,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":1,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"1","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Residential & commercial development","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"1 - Residential & commercial development","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":10,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":{"id":2,"iucnThreatScopeDescEn":"Large: Affects most (31-70%) of the total population or occurrences or extent","iucnThreatScopeDescEs":null,"iucnThreatScopeDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Large (31-70%)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":2},"iucnThreatSeverity":{"id":8,"iucnThreatSeverityDescEn":"Serious - slight","iucnThreatSeverityDescEs":null,"iucnThreatSeverityDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"Serious - 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