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Generalist or community with all key requirements common.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Amplio.  Generalista o comunidad con todos los requisitos claves comunes.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Vaste. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à tous les critères clés sont répandus."},"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":37,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs in southern Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada, throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, predominantly east of the Great Plains, as well as south of the Rocky Mountains from New Mexico into Mexico where it occurs west of the Sierra Madre Mountain range (GBIF 2023; SCAN 2023; iNaturalist 2023).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is known from thousands of occurrences using a 4 km separation distance and records from 1993-2023 (SCAN 2023; GBIF 2023; iNaturalist 2023).","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"This species is threatened by a parasitoid (<i>Compsilura concinnata</i>) introduced to control spongy moth in the eastern part of its range (Wagner 2012).","shortTermTrendComments":"The short-term population trend of this species appears to be relatively stable with > 9500 consistent observations across its range between 2013 and 2023 (GBIF 2023; SCAN 2023; iNaturalist 2023).","longTermTrendComments":"There is some report of population decline in the northeast likely due to efforts to control spongy moth, but with > 14,000 records across its range, many of them recent and including the northeast, populations of this species appear relatively stable generally (Wagner 2012; GBIF 2023; SCAN 2023; iNaturalist 2023).","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":"This species is a generalist forager, with many larval host plants, including widespread and common plants such as hackberry (<i>Celtis</i>), willow (<i>Salix</i>), mesquite (<i>Prosopis</i>), redbud (<i>Cercis</i>), currant (<i>Ribes</i>), blackberry (<i>Rubus</i>), and pear (<i>Pyrus</i>) (Wagner 2005; Lotts and Naberhause 2023)."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":119262,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Larval hosts include a variety of plants including hackberry (<i>Celtis</i>), willow (<i>Salix</i>), mesquite (<i>Prosopis</i>), redbud (<i>Cercis</i>), currant (<i>Ribes</i>), blackberry (<i>Rubus</i>), and pear (<i>Pyrus</i>); adults do not feed (Lotts and Naberhaus 2017).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":109384,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":false,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":108501,"foodHabits":{"id":12,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Nonfeeding","foodHabitsDescEs":"No se alimenta","foodHabitsDescFr":"En jeûne","displayOrder":14},"adult":true,"immature":false}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1186,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Saturniinae and most Hemileucinae","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":1.0,"inferredExtentNotes":"With small habitats the inferred extent is all available habitat. With extensive more or less contiguous habitats an arbitrary cap of 1kilometers is recommended. This is a highly conservative recommendation and few occurrences would fit within a circle of 1 km radius. Additional sampling then should show the habitat to be fully occupied regardless of its size. These moths normally occur in large to enormous habitats and are seldom consistently absent from any substantial portions of such habitats where they are present at all and often rather uniformly common. As Tuskes et al. (1996) put it their populations are normally widespread and dense. Exceptions seem most likely in parts of New England and elsewhere where <i>Compsilura concinnata</i> has radically altered the population biology of Saturniidae.","minimumEoCriteria":"A location where the species occurs, or has recently occurred, where there is potential for persistence or regular recurrence. Minimally a place where an adult or other life stage has been verified in association with the foodplant in suitable habitat. Occurrences ranked higher than D should sustain persistent viable populations which will generally require at least hundreds of hectares of suitable chaparral, oak woodland, scrub, grassland, or whatever the precise habitat is. Verification standards vary some by taxa, but in most cases either a specimen or photograph should suffice. For those that spin cocoons, even a hatched cocoon may be diagnostic. For a few even eggs can be positively identified. See Tuskes et al (1996) for identification of the various stages.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrence boundaries should usually be fairly easy to approximate based on vegetation and other habitat features. A glaring exception will be <i>Automeris io io</i> an extreme generalist in foodplant and habitat. Unsuitable habitats for it include urban and suburban situations where suitable leaf litter for cocoons is limited, salt marshes and plowed croplands (again due partly to unsuitability for pupal survival). Optimum habitat seems to be shrublands and brushy woods. Boundaries for this species may be rather arbitrary, but in fact it is rarely of conservation concern and so unlikely to be mapped.","separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":4.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":20.0,"altSeparationProcedure":"When a cluster of occupied habitats occurs in the same geographic feature such as a desert mountain range, or a canyon treat them as a single metapopulation occurrence unless there are gaps of more than twice the unsuitable habitat distance. In general. do not treat recently fragmented patches of the same habitat (e.g. chaparral or thorn scrub) as separate occurrences if gaps are within the suitable habitat distance. One reason is that such scraps probably need to be considered together in any conservation efforts and are unlikely to persist on their own. Island occurrences can be considered as separate EOs if at least one km off shore.","separationJustification":"The habitats for these moths are normally large (hundreds of hectares) to occasionally enormous (>>100,000 hectares) and are normally several to many kilometers in at least one dimension as Tuskes et al. (1996, p. 103) point out, even for most <i>Hemileuca</i>, most species are widespread in fairly dense populations rather than highly localized and this clearly applies for most or all other Hemileucinae and Saturniinae. Those <i>Hemileuca</i> which do form local colonies are not in this Specs group. Obviously individual males also move widely and females are sufficiently mobile that suitable contiguous habitat will not remain unoccupied even when localized impacts such as fires or parasitoids cause patchy eradications. On the other hand habitat boundaries are often sharp and intervening terrain highly unsuitable (often low desert or developed land). While few detailed observations are reported it is generally true that these species usually occupy a fairly distinct habitat type and stay within it. These observations argue for small distances across unsuitable habitat and large ones within extensive suitable habitat. While 20 kilometers may occasionally be unrealistically small some arbitrary limit is needed within extensive habitats.","versionDate":"2001-09-21","versionAuthor":"Schweitzer, Dale F.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2026-07-03T02:21:36.545443Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":119262,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":120274,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T03:06:08.342387Z"}],"references":[{"id":1121164,"citation":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).","shortCitationAuthor":"GBIF","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23GBI01HQUS","lastModified":"2023-02-04T03:26:39.562864Z"},{"id":1132972,"citation":"Hall, S.P. J.B. Sullivan, J.W. Petranka, T. Feldman, D. George, P. Backstrom, and T. Howard. 2023. The Moths of North Carolina [Internet]. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Biodiversity Project and North Carolina State Parks. Available from https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/moths/index.php.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hall et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23HAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2023-10-06T22:09:24.880141Z"},{"id":111995,"citation":"Hodges, R.W. et al., eds. 1983. Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E.W. Classey Limited and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London. 284 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hodges et al.","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83HOD01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:46.599253Z"},{"id":1121159,"citation":"iNaturalist. 2023. Online. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org (accessed 2023).","shortCitationAuthor":"iNaturalist","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23INA01HQUS","lastModified":"2023-02-04T03:26:39.562864Z"},{"id":1031502,"citation":"Lotts, K., and T. Naberhaus, coordinators. 2017. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Available online: http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ (Version December 2018).","shortCitationAuthor":"Lotts and Naberhaus","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"W17LOT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:53.365204Z"},{"id":1140244,"citation":"Pohl, G.R. and S.R. Nanz (eds.). 2023. Annotated taxonomic checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico. 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