{"elementGlobalId":1180191,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i>","scientificName":"Pseudacris brachyphona","scientificNameAuthor":"(Cope, 1889)","primaryCommonName":"Mountain Chorus Frog","relatedItisNames":"<i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i> (Cope, 1889) (TSN 173528)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1180191","elcode":"AAABC05200","conceptRefFullCitation":"Ospina, O. E., L. Tieu, J. J. Apodaca, and E. M. Lemmon. 2020. Hidden diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (<i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i>) and the diagnosis of a new species of Chorus Frog in the southeastern United States. Copeia 108(4):778-795.","conceptName":"<i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i>","taxonomicComments":"Nuclear phylogenetic analysis by Ospina et al. (2020) supported a clear split between Northern and Southern clades of <i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i>. In light of genetic, acoustic, and ecological divergence between the clades, they elevated the taxonomic status of the Southern clade and named that species <i>P. collinsorum</i>.<br/><br/>Based on a re-analysis of previously published molecular data, Duellman et al. (2016) restricted the name <i>Pseudacris </i>to eastern and Rocky Mountain species, and allocated the western species, <i>P. cadaverina</i>, <i>P. hypochondriaca,</i> <i>P. regilla</i>, and <i>P. sierra</i> to the genus <i>Hyliola</i>. Based on genome-wide nDNA data, Banker et al. (2020) argued that <i>Hyliola </i>should not be recognized because (a) the genus <i>Pseudacris</i> already is a monophyletic taxon without the change, and (b) the geographic separation rationale cited by Duellman et al. (2016) is insufficient as the sole criterion for splitting a long recognized monophyletic clade, causing unnecessary taxonomic instability. Use of <i>Hyliola </i>has not gained any traction in the systematic community, presumably because of the small number of species involved (Nicholson 2025).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2024-07-24","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Gundy, R. L. (2024)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":1180194,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":339090,"subnation":{"id":25,"nameEn":"Maryland","nameEs":"Maryland","nameFr":"Maryland","subnationCode":"MD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SH","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SH","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":339090,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":351318,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":351318,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":277701,"subnation":{"id":50,"nameEn":"Tennessee","nameEs":"Tennessee","nameFr":"Tennessee","subnationCode":"TN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":277701,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":305232,"subnation":{"id":22,"nameEn":"Kentucky","nameEs":"Kentucky","nameFr":"Kentucky","subnationCode":"KY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":305232,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":346842,"subnation":{"id":58,"nameEn":"West Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia Occidental","nameFr":"Virginie-Occidentale","subnationCode":"WV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":346842,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":323715,"subnation":{"id":42,"nameEn":"Ohio","nameEs":"Ohio","nameFr":"Ohio","subnationCode":"OH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":323715,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1228122,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1228122,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":351140,"subnation":{"id":45,"nameEn":"Pennsylvania","nameEs":"Pennsylvania","nameFr":"Pennsylvanie","subnationCode":"PA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":351140,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":1180194,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T01:21:08.199162Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1180191/Pseudacris_brachyphona","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2024-07-31","grankReviewDate":"2024-07-31","grankReasons":"This species is limited to the western slopes of the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern U.S. It is widespread with many occurrences. This species suffered some historical declines due to habitat loss. Currently, threat impacts, which include habitat loss, habitat degradation, and road mortality, are considered low.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":1180191,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":8,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Moderate.  Generalist or community with some key requirements scarce.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Moderado.  Generalista o comunidad con algunos requisitos claves escasos.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Modéré. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à certains critères clés sont rares."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":4,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":32,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 10-50%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 10 al 50%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 10 à 50 %"},"numberEos":{"id":13,"numberEosDescEn":"81 - 300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a 300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":21,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very many (>125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muchos (>125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Beaucoup (>125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":15,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Muchas ocurrencias (>40) protegidas y controladas adecuadamente","numberProtEosDescFr":"Beaucoup d’occurrences (>40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":37,"popSizeDescEn":"Unknown","popSizeDescEs":"Desconocido","popSizeDescFr":"Inconnu"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":46,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs on the western slope of the Appalachian Mountain Region of the U.S. in southwestern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, southern Indiana, West Virginia, western Virginia, eastern Kentucky, central Tennessee, and extreme northern Alabama (Frost 2020, Ospina et al. 2020). The southern limit is the Tennessee River (Ospina et al. 2020). Using Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2024) records, range extent was estimated to be 484,713 km².","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"Applying a 5 km separation distance for GBIF (2024) records, there are approximately 236 occurrences.","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":"Most occurrences likely have good viability.","threatImpactComments":"Habitat loss due to development and forest clearing, and habitat degradation from forestry activities are primary threats. Females have been shown to lay 4-6 times fewer egg masses in clearcut forest stands versus forest stands left intact or with removal of 25% of the canopy cover (Felix et al. 2010). Other members of the genus <i>Pseudacris</i> in the southeastern U.S. are susceptible to infection by the chytrid fungus (<i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>) (Rothermel et al. 2008), but it is not yet known if this species is susceptible. Road mortality is a likely threat that needs further study. It is unknown how this species will respond to climate change.","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"This species has declined in the northeastern parts of the range (Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia) from 2001-2011 (Weir et al. 2014). This is one of the only published trend estimates for the species. It has likely declined in other parts of the range in response to historical deforestation and development.","inventoryNeeds":"Range-wide population estimate needed.","numberProtEosComments":"Many occurrences throughout the range are protected on federal, state, and local conservation lands.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"This species is highly fecund (Green 1952, Ethier et al. 2021). However, dispersal abilities are limited (Green 1952) and dispersal across large landscapes without thermal refugia is unlikely.","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"This species inhabits multiple forested habitat types but is generally restricted to slopes (Green 1952)."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":1180191,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Migrates between breeding pools and nonbreeding terrestrial habitats (Green 1952).","foodHabitsComments":"Metamorphosed frogs eat various small invertebrates obtained on the ground (Green 1938). Larvae eat organic debris, algae, and plant tissue (Green 1952).","animalPhenologyComments":"Primarily nocturnal but also diurnal, especially when breeding. Breeding season takes place February through June (Green 1938, Ethier et al. 2021). Inactive during coldest months in northern parts of the range (Green 1952).","colonialBreeder":true,"length":4,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103881,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103882,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":110332,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":false},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":110333,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":false,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1108,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Hylid Frogs (Treefrogs)","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":"Inferred extent distance pertains to distance from breeding sites.","minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including larvae or eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy major highway such that frogs rarely if ever cross successfully; intensive urban development dominated by buildings and pavement and lacking suitable vegetated frog refuges.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Available information is limited but indicates that hylids generally exhibit limited movements on a short-term basis. In New Jersey, Freda and Morin (1984) and Freda and Gonzalez (1986) demonstrated that individual Hyla andersonii often travel distances of 100 m from breeding ponds during the nonbreeding season. In montane Colorado, Spencer (1964) found that Pseudacris triseriata range into wet meadows usually within about 700 m of their breeding sites and sometimes cross a few hundred meters of upland habitat. Kay (1989) determined that most Pseudacris cadaverina individuals range over small segments of streamcourse; 83 percent of movements were less than 25 m in a 1-year study. In Michigan, nonbreeding home range diameters of Pseudacris crucifer, established around forest debris and vegetation, ranged from 1.2 to 5.5 m (Delzell 1958). <br><br>Based on this information it appears that 1 km is an appropriate separation distance for unsuitable habitat. Despite limited data suggesting restricted movements, dispersal data are scant, and these frogs are clearly physically capable of long moves. It seems unlikely that occupied locations separated by a gap of less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent occurrences over the long term.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:11.316048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":1180191,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"Maintain natural hydroperiods at breeding wetlands. Constructed ponds should be shallow with gentle slopes (Drayer and Richter 2016). Maintain forest habitat within 100 m of breeding wetlands (Semlitsch 1998, McCoy et al. 2021). Avoid soil compaction or destruction of burrows in uplands surrounding breeding wetlands (McCoy et al. 2021). Harvest 25% or less of canopy cover at occupied sites. One study found 4-6 times fewer egg masses in forest stands that were clearcut compared to stands with no harvest or 25% harvest (Felix et al. 2010). Use preventative measures to reduce the risk of spreading the chytrid fungus (<i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>).","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Studies are needed on dispersal ability, survival to adulthood, road mortality rates, and tolerance to habitat disturbance. Research is needed on the prevalence and impact of chytrid fungus infection. Studies are needed on thermal tolerance and potential resistance to climate change (DuBose et al. 2024).","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[],"references":[{"id":1101960,"citation":"Banker, S. E., A. R. Lemmon, A. B. Hassinger, S. D. Holland, M. L. Kortyna, O. E. Ospina, H. Ralicki, and E. M. Lemmon. 2020. Hierarchical hybrid enrichment: Multitiered genomic data collection across evolutionary scales, with application to Chorus Frogs (<i>Pseudacris</i>). Systematic Biology 69:756-773.","shortCitationAuthor":"Banker et al.","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"A20BAN01NAUS","lastModified":"2021-07-03T06:16:20.495209Z"},{"id":134853,"citation":"Barbour, R. W. 1971. Amphibians and reptiles of Kentucky. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington. x + 334 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Barbour","shortCitationYear":1971,"referenceCode":"B71BAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:59.913087Z"},{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":139851,"citation":"Cocroft, R. B. 1994. A cladistic analysis of chorus frog phylogeny (Hylidae: <i>Pseudacris</i>). Herpetologica 50:420-437.","shortCitationAuthor":"Cocroft","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"A94COC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:08.449166Z"},{"id":138288,"citation":"Conant, R. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. xvii + 429 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"B75CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":1144056,"citation":"Drayer, A. N., and S. C. Richter. 2016. Physical wetland characteristics influence amphibian community composition differently in constructed wetlands and natural wetlands. Ecological Engineering 93: 166–174. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.05.028.","shortCitationAuthor":"Drayer and Richter","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"A16DRA01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.002513Z"},{"id":1144057,"citation":"DuBose, T. P., V. Catalan, C. E. Moore, V. R. Farallo, A. L. Benson, J. L. Dade, W. A. Hopkins, and M. C. Mims. 2024. Thermal Traits of Anurans Database for the Southeastern United States (TRAD): a database of thermal trait values for 40 anuran species. Ichthyology & Herpetology 112(1): 21–30. doi: 10.1643/h2022102","shortCitationAuthor":"DuBose et al.","shortCitationYear":2024,"referenceCode":"A24DUB02NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.003527Z"},{"id":767107,"citation":"Duellman, W. E., A. B. Marion, and S. B. Hedges. 2016. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa 4104: 1–109.","shortCitationAuthor":"Duellman et al.","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"A16DUE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:50.683118Z"},{"id":1144059,"citation":"Felix, Z. I., Y. Wang, and C. J. Schweitzer. 2010. Effects of experimental canopy manipulation on amphibian egg deposition. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(3): 496–503. doi: 10.2193/2008-181.","shortCitationAuthor":"Felix et al.","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"A10FEL02NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.00452Z"},{"id":1054360,"citation":"Frost, D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Online: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"W20FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:41:47.447453Z"},{"id":1144061,"citation":"Green, N. B. 1938. The breeding habits of <i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i> (Cope) with a description of the eggs and tadpole. Copeia 1938(2): 79-82.","shortCitationAuthor":"Green","shortCitationYear":1938,"referenceCode":"A38GRE01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.005505Z"},{"id":1144062,"citation":"Green, N. B. 1952. A study of the life history of <i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i> (Cope) in West Virginia with special reference to behavior and growth of marked individuals. Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University, Columbus. 163 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Green","shortCitationYear":1952,"referenceCode":"N52GRE01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.005505Z"},{"id":109054,"citation":"Green, N. B., and T. K. Pauley. 1987. Amphibians and reptiles in West Virginia. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. xi + 241 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Green and Pauley","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"B87GRE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":136701,"citation":"Hoffman, R.L. 1980. Pseudacris brachyphona. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 234:1-2.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hoffman","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"A80HOF02NAUS","lastModified":"2021-02-06T05:34:41.255013Z"},{"id":1144060,"citation":"J. D. Gibson. 2023. Geographic, seasonal, habitat and climate factors impacting prevalence of anuran species during Virginia Herpetological Society surveys between 1991-2022. Catesbeiana 43(1): 25-37.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gibson","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"A23GIB01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.006508Z"},{"id":1144058,"citation":"J. P. Ethier, A. Fayard, P. Soroye, D. Choi, M. J. Mazerolle, and V. L. Trudeau. 2021. Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus <i>Pseudacris</i> (Hylidae). Frontiers in Zoology 18:40. doi: 10.1186/s12983-021-00425-w.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ethier et al.","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"A21ETH01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:22.003527Z"},{"id":124025,"citation":"Martof, B. S., W. M. Palmer, J. R. Bailey, and J. R. Harrison, III. 1980. Amphibians and reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 264 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Martof et al.","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"B80MAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.397371Z"},{"id":120174,"citation":"Mount, R. H. 1975. The reptiles and amphibians of Alabama. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. vii + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mount","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"B75MOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.616394Z"},{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},{"id":1096504,"citation":"Ospina, O. E., L. Tieu, J. J. Apodaca, and E. M. Lemmon. 2020. Hidden diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (<i>Pseudacris brachyphona</i>) and the diagnosis of a new species of Chorus Frog in the southeastern United States. Copeia 108(4):778-795.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ospina et al.","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"A20OSP01NAUS","lastModified":"2021-02-06T05:34:41.255013Z"},{"id":1144092,"citation":"Rothermel, B. B., S. C. Walls, J. C. Mitchell, C. K. Dodd Jr., L. K. Irwin, D. E. Green, V. M. Vazquez, J. W. Petranka, and D. J. Stevenson. 2008. Widespread occurrence of the amphibian chytrid fungus <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> in the southeastern USA. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2: 3-18. doi: 10.3354/dao01974.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rothermel et al.","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08ROT01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T02:35:18.638517Z"},{"id":132900,"citation":"Semlitsch, R. D. 1998. Biological delineation of terrestrial buffer zones for pond-breeding salamanders. Conservation Biology 12:1113-1119.","shortCitationAuthor":"Semlitsch","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"A98SEM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:04.978394Z"},{"id":1144063,"citation":"Weir, L. 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