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Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, I. J. Lovette, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2020. Sixty-first Supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 137(3):1-24.","conceptName":"<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>","taxonomicComments":"From AOS (2020): The <i>Anas platyrhynchos</i> complex includes 14 closely related species;<i> A. platyrhynchos</i> appears to be most closely related to the New World radiation, which includes <i>A. diazi</i>, <i>A. fulvigula</i>, <i>A. rubripes</i>, <i>A. wyvilliana</i>, and <i>A. laysanensis</i>, and to <i>A. poecilorhyncha</i> J. R. Forster 1781 [Indian Spot-billed Duck] and <i>A. zonorhyncha</i> Swinhoe, 1866 [Eastern Spot-billed Duck] in the Old World (Lavretsky et al. 2014a). In various older treatments, some or even all New World taxa were treated as conspecific under the name <i>A. platyrhynchos</i> (e.g., Johnsgard 1961, 1967). <i>Anas rubripes</i> and <i>A. fulvigula</i> hybridize frequently with <i>A. platyrhynchos</i> in an area of broad overlap, largely as a result of introductions and range expansions of the latter into the range of <i>A. rubripes</i> and <i>A. fulvigula</i>. These 3 forms differ somewhat behaviorally and tend to segregate as species (Brodsky and Weatherhead 1984, Brodsky et al. 1988, Hepp et al. 1988, Ford et al. 2017, Lavretsky et al. 2019b), but early genetic studies found them difficult to differentiate (Ankney et al. 1986, Ankney and Dennis 1988, Avise et al. 1990, McCracken et al. 2001, Lavretsky et al. 2014a, b). More recent genomic studies have found that they are genetically separable (Lavretsky et al. 2015, 2019a,b), with differences likely the result of selection and demographic processes (Kirby et al. 2004, Lavretsky et al. 2019b). Further, genetic evidence suggests that hybridization is not as widespread as previously believed (Ford et al. 2017), and that <i>A. platyrhynchos</i> and <i>A. rubripes</i> do not represent a hybrid swarm (Lavretsky et al. 2019b).<br /><br /><i>Anas diazi</i> was formerly (e.g., AOU 1983, 1998) considered conspecific with <i>A. platyrhynchos</i>, although prior to this (until AOU 1973) the 2 were treated as separate species. 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