{"elementGlobalId":1167751,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Sceloporus magister</i>","scientificName":"Sceloporus magister","scientificNameAuthor":"Hallowell, 1854","primaryCommonName":"Desert Spiny Lizard","relatedItisNames":"<i>Sceloporus magister</i> Hallowell, 1854 (TSN 173873)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1167751","elcode":"ARACF14230","conceptRefFullCitation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","conceptName":"<i>Sceloporus magister</i>","taxonomicComments":"<i>Sceloporus magister </i>is currently recognized as a full species (see Crother 2017 and Lazcano et al. 2019). Leaché and Mulcahy (2007) found evidence of asymmetrical gene flow between <i>S. magister</i> and both <i>S. bimaculosus</i> and <i>S. uniformis</i>, with <i>S. magister</i> acting as a genetic \"sink\". Because these lineages show evidence of both separation (with divergence) and ongoing asymmetrical gene flow, they can be considered partially separated species. Leaché and Mulcahy (2007) also identified a fourth potentially separate lineage in northeastern Baja California (currently unnamed). Schulte et al. (2006) recognized the subspecies <i>S. m. magister</i> and <i>S. m. cephaloflavus</i> because their single sample from the Colorado Plateau (assumed to represent the subspecies <i>S. m. cephaloflavus</i>) was inferred to be the sister group of the samples representing <i>S. m. magister</i>. Leaché and Mulcahy (2007), however, found that specimens from closer to the type locality of <i>S. m. cephaloflavus</i> were part of <i>S. uniformis</i> rather than <i>S. magister</i>; consequently, Crother (2017) have not recognized subspecies within <i>S. magister</i>.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2005-07-20","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":1167752,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"The range extends from Nevada to southwestern Colorado, south to northern Baja California, Sinaloa, and Coahuila; west to west of the Central Valley in California, east to western Texas (Parker 1982, Nussbaum et al. 1983, Degenhardt et al. 1996, Hammerson 1999, Dixon 2000, Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003). Elevational range extends from near sea level  to around 5,000 feet (1,520 meters) (Stebbins 2003).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is represented by many hundreds of collection sites (e.g., (Parker 1982, Nussbaum et al. 1983, Degenhardt et al. 1996, Hammerson 1999, Dixon 2000).","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but certainly exceeds 100,000.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No major threats have been identified.","shortTermTrendComments":"Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and population size are large and relatively stable.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Populations occur in many national parks, monuments, and wilderness areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":1167751,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Diet includes mainly insects; occasionally lizards and plant material (Stebbins 1985).","animalPhenologyComments":"Active from about April or May to September or October in north (Hammerson 1982).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":31,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103869,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103870,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":110291,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1162,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Phrynosomatid Lizards","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that lizards rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Phrynosomatid lizards have small home range sizes, usually less than 0.5 ha (often much less) and rarely more than 1 ha  (see examples in BCD EO Specs). In a study that documented exceptionally large home range size for a phrynosomatid, Munger (1984a) found that single-season home range size of <i>Phrynosoma cornutum</i> in southern Arizona averaged less than 2.5 ha. Dispersal distances are poorly known, and most studies have not been designed to detect long distance movements. The separation distance for suitable habitat is a compromise between the typical sedentary habits of these lizards, their physical ability to cover fairly large distances in a short period of time, their tendency to occur throughout patches of suitable habitat, and the likely low probability that two occupied locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent populations.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:06:33.240021Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":1167751,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":209719,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":null,"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.942111Z"}],"references":[{"id":121383,"citation":"Bartlett, R. D., and P. P. Bartlett. 1999a. A field guide to Texas reptiles &amp; amphibians. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. xviii + 331 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bartlett and Bartlett","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"B99BAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":140525,"citation":"Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98CON01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":103692,"citation":"Degenhardt, W. G., C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. xix + 431 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Degenhardt et al.","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"B96DEG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":153676,"citation":"Dixon, J. R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas. Second edition. Texas A & M University Press, College Station. 421 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dixon","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00DIX01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:10.585113Z"},{"id":463781,"citation":"Grismer, L. L. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Baja California including its Pacific islands and islands in the Sea of Cortes.  University of California Press, Berkeley. xiii + 399 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Grismer","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02GRI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":155491,"citation":"Grismer, L. L., and J. A. McGuire. 1996. Taxonomy and biogeography of the <i>Sceloporus magister</i> complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) in Baja California, Mexico. Herpetologica 52:416-427.","shortCitationAuthor":"Grismer and McGuire","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"A96GRI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.942111Z"},{"id":138394,"citation":"Hammerson, G. A. 1982b. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver. vii + 131 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hammerson","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82HAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:18.040312Z"},{"id":104501,"citation":"Hammerson, G. A. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Second edition. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. xxvi + 484 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hammerson","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"B99HAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:18.040312Z"},{"id":1066936,"citation":"Lazcano, D., M. Neva´rez-de los Reyes, E. Garci´a-Padilla, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis, and L. D. Wilson. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 13(2):31-94.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lazcano et al.","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"A19LAZ01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.660686Z"},{"id":722490,"citation":"Leaché, A. D., and D. G. Mulcahy. 2007. Phylogeny, divergence times and species limits of spiny lizards (<i>Sceloporus magister</i> species group) in western North American deserts and Baja California. Molecular Ecology 16:5216-5233.","shortCitationAuthor":"Leaché and Mulcahy","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"A07LEA04NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.660686Z"},{"id":129828,"citation":"Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie, Jr., and R.M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. 332 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nussbaum et al.","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83NUS01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:10.866443Z"},{"id":112261,"citation":"Parker, W. S. 1982. Sceloporus magister. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 290.1-290.4.","shortCitationAuthor":"Parker","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"A82PAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.942111Z"},{"id":664843,"citation":"Schulte II, J.A., R. Macey, and T.J. Papenfuss. 2006. A genetic perspective on the geographic association of taxa among arid North American lizards of <i>the Sceloporus magister</i> complex (Squamata: Iguanidae: Phrynosomatinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39:873-880.","shortCitationAuthor":"Schulte et al.","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06SCH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.660686Z"},{"id":119703,"citation":"Sites, J. W., Jr., J.W. Archie, C.J. Cole and O. Flores-Villela. 1992. A review of phylogenetic hypotheses for lizards of the genus <i>Sceleporus</i> (Phrynosomatidae): implications for ecological and evolutionary studies. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. (213):1-110.","shortCitationAuthor":"Sites et al.","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92SIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:09.773576Z"},{"id":128907,"citation":"Smith, H. M. 1946. Handbook of lizards. Lizards of the United States and Canada. Cornell univ. Press, Ithaca. xxi + 557 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Smith","shortCitationYear":1946,"referenceCode":"B46SMI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:09.773576Z"},{"id":144435,"citation":"Stebbins, R. C. 1985a. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. xiv + 336 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stebbins","shortCitationYear":1985,"referenceCode":"B85STE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":266629,"citation":"Stebbins, R. C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stebbins","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"B03STE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":138467,"citation":"Tinkle, D. W. 1976. Comparative data on the population ecology of the desert spiny lizard, Sceloporus magister. Herpetologica 32:1-6.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tinkle","shortCitationYear":1976,"referenceCode":"A76TIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T04:38:29.942111Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":198357,"name":"desert spiny lizard","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":1167751,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Phrynosomatidae","genus":"Sceloporus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":1167751,"reproductionComments":"Clutch size averages about 6 in southern Utah, 8 in far southwestern U.S. Two clutches/year in Utah. Hatchlings appear as early as July in Texas, early August in southern Utah. Sexually mature in about 2 years (Hammerson 1982).","ecologyComments":"Population density estimated at 7.4/ha in Utah (Tinkle 1976).","habitatComments":"This lizard inhabits arid and semiarid regions, from plains to lower mountain slopes, including desert shrubland and woodland, mesquite-yucca grassland, juniper and mesquite woodland, shrubby areas along arroyos and playa edges, and cottonwood/willow zones along rivers (Degenhardt et al. 1996, Hammerson 1999, Stebbins 2003). It occurs on trees, rocks, and on the ground near cover. 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