{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Necturus beyeri</i>","scientificName":"Necturus beyeri","scientificNameAuthor":"Viosca, 1937","primaryCommonName":"Gulf Coast Waterdog","relatedItisNames":"<i>Necturus beyeri</i> Viosca, 1937 (TSN 173629)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1167559","elcode":"AAAAE01090","conceptRefFullCitation":"Guyer, C., C. Murray, H. L. Bart, B. I. Crother, R. E. Chabarria, M. A. Bailey, and K. Dunn. 2020. Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. Journal of Natural History:1-27.","conceptName":"<i>Necturus beyeri</i>","taxonomicComments":"Data from the mitochondrial genome reveal six lineages of Gulf Coast Waterdogs traditionally classified as <i>Necturus beyeri</i>. Guyer et al. (2020) use the genetic data and morphological data to re-describe <i>Necturus beyeri</i> and to describe the Apalachicola (<i>N. moleri</i>) and Escambia (<i>N. mounti</i>) lineages as new species. This concept of <i>N. beyeri</i> may mask other cryptic species, but this cannot be determined until more precise measures of gene flow among lineages are available and clearer evidence of diagnostic features emerge (Guyer et al. 2020).<br/><br/>There has been confusion regarding the taxonomic status of <i>N. lodingi</i>, recognized as a species by Raffaëlli (2013) and Fouquette and Dubois (2014) but as a synonym of <i>N. alabamansis</i> by Crother (2017). Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012) broadened the concept of <i>N. lodingi</i> to include the entire range occupied by the Apalachicola and Escambia lineages. Guyer et al. (2020) rejected the concepts of <i>N. lodingi</i> presented by Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012) and by Crother (2017) and concluded <i>N. lodingi</i> is a junior subjective synonym of <i>N. beyeri</i>. Nicholson (2025) follows Guyer et al. (2020) in considering <i>N. lodingi</i> a synonym of <i>N. beyeri</i> for the time being.","roundedGRank":"GNR","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":1167560,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":391355,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":391355,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":372907,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":372907,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":298111,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":298111,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1367501,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SU","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SU","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1367501,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":312022,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":312022,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":1167560,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T01:17:27.85418Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1167559/Necturus_beyeri","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":null,"grankReviewDate":null,"grankReasons":null,"grank":"GNR","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs in the Gulf Coast drainages of southeastern United States. The western lineage ranges from west-central Louisiana (Calcasieu) to northeastern and eastern Texas (West Fork of the San Jacinto River). The Pontchartain, Pearl, and Mobile lineages range from southeastern Louisiana to northeastern Mississippi, east-central and northeastern Alabama, northwestern Georgia, and the drainages of the Mobile Embayment (Frost 2020, Guyer et al. 2020, Georgia Natural Heritage Program 2026).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"majorHabitat":null,"nonMigrant":null,"localMigrant":null,"longDistanceMigrant":null,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":null,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1172,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Proteid Salamanders (Waterdogs)","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.1,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including larvae or eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Dams and impoundments (except N. maculosus); upland habitat","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"These salamanders are strictly aquatic and cannot cross upland habitat. With the exception of N. maculosus, these salamanders are unlikely to successfully traverse an impoundment to reach suitable habitat downstream from a dam, unless the impoundment is very small. Because waterdogs do not climb and probably cannot use fishways, virtually all dams constitute a barrier to upstream movements. <br><br>Heavily silted or polluted streams may constitute a barrier or at least unsuitable habitat, depending on the severity of the conditions. <br><br>Based on data for the hellbender (Cryptobranchus allegheniensis), home ranges probably tend to be small, but information on periodic long-range movements, dispersal distances, and recolonization ability is not available. <br><br>The separation distance for unsuitable habitat reflects the nominal minimum value of 1 km. The 10-km separation distance for suitable habitat reflects the ease of movement and dispersal along riverine habitats and the likely low probability than locations separated by less than 10 km of suitable habitat would represent independent populations.","versionDate":"2004-03-15","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:55.582302Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[],"references":[{"id":1040366,"citation":"Chabarria, R. E., C. M. Murray, P. E. Moler, H. L. Bart, Jr., B. I. Crother, and C. Guyer. 2018. Evolutionary insights into the North American <i>Necturus beyeri</i> complex (Amphibia: Caudata) based on molecular genetic and morphological analyses. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56(3):352–363.","shortCitationAuthor":"Chabarria et al.","shortCitationYear":2018,"referenceCode":"A18CHA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:02:03.589913Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":849098,"citation":"DuBois, A., and J. Raffaëlli. 2012. A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Duméril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes. Paris 28:77–161.","shortCitationAuthor":"DuBois and Raffaelli","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"A12DUB01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:22.147815Z"},{"id":849097,"citation":"Fouquette Jr., M.J., and A. DuBois. 2014. A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Seventh Edition. Volume 1—Amphibians. Xlibris LLC, Bloomington, Indiana. 586 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fouquette and DuBois","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"B14FOU01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:22.147815Z"},{"id":1054360,"citation":"Frost, D.R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Online: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"W20FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T19:41:47.447453Z"},{"id":1170613,"citation":"Georgia Natural Heritage Program. 2026. Element occurrence data for <i>Necturus beyeri</i>. Georgia Biodiversity Conservation Data. Online. Available: https://georgiabiodiversity.org/portal/about-this-data","shortCitationAuthor":"Georgia Natural Heritage Program","shortCitationYear":2026,"referenceCode":"N26GEO01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-10-03T01:17:27.852178Z"},{"id":1059829,"citation":"Guyer, C., C. Murray, H. L. Bart, B. I. Crother, R. E. Chabarria, M. A. Bailey, and K. Dunn. 2020. Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. Journal of Natural History:1-27.","shortCitationAuthor":"Guyer et al.","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"A20GUY01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-09-05T03:51:45.919481Z"},{"id":968400,"citation":"Highton, R., R. M. Bonett, and E. L. Jockusch. 2017. Caudata - Salamanders. In Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 43.","shortCitationAuthor":"Highton et al.","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"N17HIG01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:19.358364Z"},{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},{"id":1101296,"citation":"Raffaëlli, J. 2013. Les Urodèles du Monde [The Urodela of the World]. Deuxième Édition. Plumelec, France: Penclen.","shortCitationAuthor":"Raffaëlli","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"B13RAF01NAUS","lastModified":"2021-06-05T02:44:42.999749Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":205742,"name":"Western Waterdog","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":2,"genusSizeDescEn":"Very small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Un género muy pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Très petit genre"},"jurisEndem":null,"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":3,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Amphibians","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1060},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Amphibia","taxorder":"Caudata","family":"Proteidae","genus":"Necturus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":160883,"synonym":"Necturus lodingi","synonymAuthor":"Viosca, 1937","formattedSynonym":"<i>Necturus lodingi</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":1167559,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":null,"generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},"predecessors":[{"predecessorId":109927,"elCode":"AAAAE01020","name":"Necturus beyeri complex","formattedName":"<i>Necturus beyeri complex</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100737","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null}],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}