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Brunswick","nameFr":"Nouveau-Brunswick","subnationCode":"NB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":880750,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2023,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":183157,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T22:12:52.966037Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.116159/Hemaris_thysbe","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2002-05-31","grankReviewDate":"2023-09-07","grankReasons":"This is a widespread species with many occurrences and no significant rangewide threats.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":116159,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":10,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Broad.  Generalist or community with all key requirements common.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Amplio.  Generalista o comunidad con todos los requisitos claves comunes.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Vaste. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à tous les critères clés sont répandus."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":6,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Not intrinsically vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"No intrínsecamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Non intrinsèquement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":40,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","longTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","longTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":22,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Unknown","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Desconocido","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":37,"popSizeDescEn":"Unknown","popSizeDescEs":"Desconocido","popSizeDescFr":"Inconnu"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs from Alaska, USA and across Canada, from Yukon to Labrador, as well as throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, with a few records in Oregon (GBIF 2023; SCAN 2023).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is known from thousands of occurrences using a 10 km separation distance and records from 1993-2023 available through GBIF (GBIF 2023).","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No widespread threats are known.","shortTermTrendComments":"The short-term population trend of this species appears to be relatively stable with >4000 observations across its range between 2013 and 2023 (SCAN 2023).","longTermTrendComments":"There is no evidence of long-term decline in populations of this species from 1900 to 2012 (Wagner 2012; Young et al. 2017).","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":"This species is found in many habitats, including open fields, parks, and gardens, and larval hosts are general and include many species from the Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae, or honeysuckle, plant families (Lotts and Naberhaus 2021)."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":116159,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Larval host plants include honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera</i>), snowberry (<i>Symphoricarpos</i>), hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i>), cherries and plums (<i>Prunus</i>), and European cranberry bush (<i>Viburnum opulus</i>) from the Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae families. Adults nectar from a wide variety of flowers including Japanese honeysuckle, beebalm, red clover, lilac, phlox, snowberry, cranberry, blueberry, vetch, and thistles (Lotts and Naberhaus 2021).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106644,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":false,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":106643,"foodHabits":{"id":7,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Nectarivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Nectarívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Nectarivore","displayOrder":7},"adult":true,"immature":false}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":156224,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Pollinating Hawk Moths","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":5.0,"inferredExtentNotes":"IE is really moot for such often low density landscape level moths that can easily move a kilometer in less than a minute.  In the relatively few cases where edaphic or obvious habitat features clearly define the habitat one could reasonably consider any such patches within up to ten kilometers as part of the known EO but since this figure is probably impractical for an IE of all foodplant patches within two kilometers is arbitrarily suggested. Note USFWS designated critical habitat patches for MANDUCA BLACKBURNI up to 15,216 hectares and none under 100 hectares.  Obviously functional occurrences for many continental species would be much larger.  A conservative suggestion for inferred extent for a landscape level sphinx moth really would be all suitable habitat within a 5 km radius, but that may be impractical and many occurrences are much larger.","minimumEoCriteria":"Conceptually an occurrence would be a location with evidence of presence (or historical presence)  that is large enough to have potential for continued presence and/or regular recurrence, that is generally where larvae occur. Minimally based on a specimen or diagnostic photograph of a larva or adult, or for  some species even an expert sight record associated with suitable habitat.  In practice most collection locations in a region where the species is resident may be considered as indicative of an occurrence nearby. These moths are apparently usually landscape level species, most of which do not form localized populations making occurrence definition difficult at best.  Adults commonly move several kilometers to find food and the larger species could very easily move 100 km in a few nights. Even some smaller ones, <i>Aellopos</i>, do so.  Thus occurrences for breeding areas should be based on regular presence of larvae, although not necessarily every year.  In North America do not track late season occurrences of adults or larvae well north of their permanent range as occurrences, such as larvae of <i>Agrius cingulatus</i> in the fall on sweet potato in New Jersey or Virginia or any tropical species in Canada. Occurrences based on adult reseources probably would not be useful and would often be gardens.","mappingGuidance":"In the few cases where there is an obvious local habitat preference  the occurrence boundaries would often be the same as for the associated plant community although an EO might consist of several discrete proximate patches.  Similarly if the larval foodplant is strictly confined to a particular mappable habitat these can be mapped as discrete patches several to many of which can be combined as a plausible EO.   In most cases though boundaries will be very difficult to define.  Mapping individual plants as separate EOs would be unrealistic since it would take many plants to maintain a population.  Note that even with MANDUCA BLACKBURNI whose primary native foodplant is now quite scarce, mapping these probably does not fully define the EO because larvae also feed on exotic Solanaceae.  In the western USA habitats and thus occurrence boundaries will very often be defined by edaphic features or by plant communities limited by altitude.  For example in arid regions FRAXINUS  or VITIS feeders will be confined to riparian corridors usually in canyons and these easily mapped features can be used to define the EO.","separationBarriers":"In most cases potential barriers will be large and better treated as unsuitable habitats, but smaller brightly lit urban areas, large bodies of water with on-shore breezes, high peaks (especially those with night temperature below 10 C), or possibly habitats where night time temperatures oftren stay above 30 C;  or (especially in Florida) places with frequent extensive mosquito spraying might be considered barriers.  Local observations may occasionally suggest features which greatly curtail movement and if these are well under the separation distance in size they may be considered as barriers.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":10.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":20.0,"altSeparationProcedure":"Where EOs occupy islands in the ocean (e.g. off the coast of New England, USA; Hawaii) separate islands would generally be considered separate EOs if they are more than 1 kilometer from each other or  from the mainland.","separationJustification":"These separation distances are arbitrary but seem reasonable considering the flight capabilities of these moths.  For example D. Schweitzer has twice estimated SPHINX GORDIUS cruising along sand roads at around 40 kilometers per hour in New Jersey using an automobile speedometer.  This is certainly not one of the fastest species of sphinx moths. this one though does recognize habitat boundaries (i.e. rarely enters forests) and some of the others do likewise.  There are claims of faster speeds for a few.  It is here assumed that most or all of them fly at 20-60 kilometers per hour or faster so all separation distances could be traversed less than half an hour. Larger distances are deemed somewhat imparctical at least if there is some need to define occurrences based on unsuitable intervening habitats.  In eastern North America many species occur sparsely in forests, thickets and subrubia where their larvae feed on well distributed but not dominant, sometimes sparse, trees (often FRAXINUS), vines (mostly Vitaceae), shrubs, or even herbs.  Adults lay hundreds of eggs usually singly or perhaps two or three on a plant and usually not many in a patch which implies they must cover many kilometers. There is no known documentation of individual movement distances, but some of these species rather commonly stray more than 500 to 1000 kilometers out of their normal ranges and obviously the ancestor(s) of MANDUCA BLACKBURNI colonized HAWAII from the Americas ranking these moths among the most mobile land animals on earth. It is quite unclear in many temperate areas whether related pest MANDUCA can even survive the winters or recolonize annually from hundreds of kilometers to the south.  It is not at all unusual to observe or collect adults of many species (e.g some HEMARIS, HYLES, some MANDUCA) several kilometers out of habitat and likely that adults often move several kilometers per day looking for nectar or oviposition sites. Even the short lived non-feeding PACHSPHINX MODESTA and CERATOMIA AMYNTOR have shown up ten kilometers or more out of habitat in southern New Jersey (Schweitzer)--certainly failry sedentary species. At the other extreme a mass migration of the American <i>Hyles lineata </i>was documented widely in Great Britain in 1943.<br><br> With adequate search effort suitable habitat would almost always prove to support occupancy or frequent recurrence where it is within a few kilometers of known occupied habitat.   However instances will occur where documentation of presence is limited and available proximate habitat vast.  Likewise part of an occurrence (but not an entire C rank or better EO) could easily be unoccupied at times, e.g. certain months or years.  Some species are very hard to document, such as SPHINX DRUPIFERARUM which is likely to be overlooked by standard collecting lights and does not come to sugar baits and at least in the Northeast generally turns up by accident.   <br><br>Both distances are arbitrary, the unsuitable habitat distance is especially tentative since it is not at all known for most species if they respond to and tend to avoid habitat changes or simply cruise over large landscapes looking for mates and oviposition sites.  On the other hand the separation distance within extensive suitable habitat is clearly conservative given that occurrences are populations of dozens to thousands or more of wide ranging individuals which probably live a couple of weeks and each of which can easily move 20 kilometers in an hour, so there is almost no chance that two collections only 20 kilometers apart in extensive tracts of habitat would really represent two separate occurrences.","versionDate":"2001-06-19","versionAuthor":"Schweitzer, Dale F.","versionNotes":"These Specs were drafted mainly for higlhy mobile species with feeding aduts and relatively sparsely distributed foodplants.  They may be inappropriate for species feeding on locally abundant plants such as Ericaceae, aspens, willows, or Myricaceae which may support denser populations that can persist in as little as a few hundred hectares or even less.  Some of these are already assigned to other Specs groups but perhaps most SMERINTHINAE should have separate Specs.  For a useful general review doubtless as applicable to temperate species as it is to tropical ones see the critical habitat proposal for MANDUCA BLACKBURNI (USFWS, 2002, e.g. p. 40640) and references therein.","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:30:39.605658Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":116159,"eoManagementGroupName":"Pollinating Hawk Moths","stewardshipOverview":"Management would be unlikely unless in the context of local pollinators for a sphingophilous plant, such as some orchids.  Such shortages seem unlikely except in intensively agricultural regions.   Presumably the most productive approach for enhancement would be increasing availability of locally suitable foodplants, i.e. certain viburnums in most of the US part of the range.","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":117257,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:57:45.287996Z"}],"references":[{"id":149003,"citation":"Covell, C.V., Jr. 1984. A field guide to the moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston, MA. 496 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Covell","shortCitationYear":1984,"referenceCode":"B84COV01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:28:26.396724Z"},{"id":1121164,"citation":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2023. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2023).","shortCitationAuthor":"GBIF","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23GBI01HQUS","lastModified":"2023-02-04T03:26:39.562864Z"},{"id":111995,"citation":"Hodges, R.W. et al., eds. 1983. Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E.W. Classey Limited and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London. 284 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hodges et al.","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83HOD01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:46.599253Z"},{"id":643740,"citation":"Lafontaine, J. D. and J.T. Troubridge. 1998. Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Smith, I.M., and G.G.E. Scudder, eds. Assessment of species diversity in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. Burlington: Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network, 1998.  Online. Available: http://www.naturewatch.ca/eman/reports/publications/99_montane/lepidopt/intro.html","shortCitationAuthor":"Lafontaine and Troubridge","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"N98LAF02EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:48.474301Z"},{"id":1106239,"citation":"Lotts, K. and T. Naberhaus, coordinators. 2023. Butterflies and Moths of North America (BAMONA). Bozeman, MT: Big Sky Institute. Online. Available: http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/","shortCitationAuthor":"Lotts and Naberhaus","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23LOT01NACA","lastModified":"2023-10-06T22:14:27.554773Z"},{"id":1140244,"citation":"Pohl, G.R. and S.R. Nanz (eds.). 2023. Annotated taxonomic checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Bakersfield, California. xiv + 580 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Pohl and Nanz","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23POH01NACA","lastModified":"2024-04-05T22:44:01.22889Z"},{"id":662881,"citation":"Schmidt, B. C. 2009. <i>Hemaris thetis</i> (Boisduval, 1855) (Sphingidae) is a distinct species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 63(2):100-109.","shortCitationAuthor":"Schmidt","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"A09SCH04EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:54:43.826835Z"},{"id":1125903,"citation":"Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN). 2023. A data portal built to visualize, manipulate, and export species occurrences. Online: http://scan-bugs.org/portal/index.php. Accessed 2023","shortCitationAuthor":"SCAN","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"W23SCA01NAUS","lastModified":"2023-04-07T22:17:44.428982Z"},{"id":627862,"citation":"Tuttle, J. P.  2007.  The hawk moths of North America: A natural history study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada.  The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C.  253 pp. +23 plates.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tuttle","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"B07TUT01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:27:48.474301Z"},{"id":510689,"citation":"Wagner, D.L. 2005. Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ. 512 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wagner","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05WAG01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:28:26.396724Z"},{"id":711979,"citation":"Wagner, D.L. 2012. Moth decline in the northeastern United States. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 54(2):52-56.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wagner","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"A12WAG01EHUS","lastModified":"2022-09-02T02:33:10.161104Z"},{"id":1132531,"citation":"Young, B. E., S. Auer, M. Ormes, G. Rapacciuolo, D. Schweitzer, D. and N. Sears. 2017. Are pollinating hawk moths declining in the Northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records. PloS one 12(10): e0185683.","shortCitationAuthor":"Young et al.","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"A17YOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2023-10-06T22:22:35.379662Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":138454,"name":"Hummingbird Moth","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":116159,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":48,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Insects - Butterflies and Moths","level3":"Sphinx Moths","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":43,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":3350},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","taxclass":"Insecta","taxorder":"Lepidoptera","family":"Sphingidae","genus":"Hemaris","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":137105,"synonym":"Sesia thysbe","synonymAuthor":"Fabricius, 1775","formattedSynonym":"<i>Sesia thysbe</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Invertebrates","caGeneralStatusId":"GS013415"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":116159,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":"This species is often among the most common hawk moths in rural parts of eastern states, and thus potentially important pollinators of sphingophilous flowers.","habitatComments":"This species is found in second growth habitats, open fields, parks, and gardens with plants from the Rosaceae and Caprifoliaceae families (Lotts and Naberhaus 2021).","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-113389,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":24,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest Edge","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lindero del bosque","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Bordure de forêt","displayOrder":5}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113390,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113391,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113392,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113393,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113394,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":8,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Savanna","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Sabana","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Savane","displayOrder":10}},{"cagTerrHabId":-113395,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":20,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Suburban/orchard","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Suburbano/ huertos","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Banlieusard/verger","displayOrder":23}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-104184,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":3,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"SCRUB-SHRUB WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL DE MATORRALES","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"FRUTICÉE HUMIDE","displayOrder":3}},{"cagPalusHabId":-104185,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":5,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Bog/fen","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Pantanoso","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Tourbière oligotrophe/marais","displayOrder":5}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1140244,"citation":"Pohl, G.R. and S.R. Nanz (eds.). 2023. Annotated taxonomic checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Bakersfield, California. xiv + 580 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Pohl and Nanz","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23POH01NACA","lastModified":"2024-04-05T22:44:01.22889Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":52927,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":89,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"No known threats","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"No known threats","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":null},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":null,"threatImpactCalc":null}]}