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Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. 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the taxonomy is cleared up, the status of this complex cannot be accurately assessed.  As it is currently delineated, it is widespread and common.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":108637,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":22,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Unknown","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Desconocido","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberProtEos":{"id":16,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Unknown whether any occurrences are appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Se desconoce si se protege y controla adecuadamente algúna ocurrencia","numberProtEosDescFr":"Nombre inconnu d’occurrences protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":36,"popSizeDescEn":">1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":">1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":">1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Widespread in the southern deserts, from Mexico to the USA, from California, east to Texas, north through the Great Plains to southern Canada.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"Hossack et al. (2010) provided documented records for Montana from Philips, Powder River, Teton, and Valley Cos.","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":108637,"majorHabitat":{"id":2,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Freshwater","majorHabitatDescEs":"Agua dulce","majorHabitatDescFr":"Eau douce"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1163,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Phyllopodous Branchiopods","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens of mature adult males at a given location with potentially recurring existence.  Often both males and females are necessary for identification to the specific level.  Evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data; unpublished, though documented (i.e. government or agency reports, web sites, etc.) observation or collection data; or museum specimen information.  Photographs, diagnostic or not, are not acceptable for minimum occurrences.","mappingGuidance":"Due to the stochastic nature of local species distribution, map each pool, or series of pools within 100 m of one another, as separate occurrences.","separationBarriers":"Separation barriers are based on hydrological discontinuity.  Any hydrological discontinuity, including presence of upland habitat, greater than 100 m constitutes a separation barrier.  Note that dried ponds or pools that refill annually or cyclically are not considered separation barriers as phyllopodous branchiopod eggs are capable of dormancy in a resting stage typically lasting 6 to 10 months in temperate latitudes (Smith, 2001).  In laboratory conditions, eggs have been reared from the resting stage years later.<br>","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":"Freshwater cave (troglobitic) species may occur from near entrances to very deep in cave systems.  For cave species, each cave where an observation or collection was recorded (see Minimum EO Criteria, above) constitutes an element occurrence regardless of separation distance unless caves are part of a single hydrological system (see below).  Occurrences are additionally separated by underground physical barriers to movement.  Multiple caves within a single hydrological cave system are considered to be a single element occurrence when they are less than one km apart.  Multiple caves within a single hydrological cave system are considered separate element occurrences when hydrological connections have not been determined or when separated by a distance of at least one km.","separationJustification":"Phyllopodous Branchiopoda (Crustacea: Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata) include the fairy, tadpole, and clam shrimps, respectively.  They inhabit temporary ponds and pools and are absent from running water.  Most species have few specific habitat preferences (Smith, 2001) occurring in most often in small (seldom exceeding one hectare) roadside ditches, vernal pools; as well as small to large permanent and (to a much lesser degree) temporary ponds.  Rogers and Fugate (2001) report finding <i>Branchinecta hiberna</i> from railroad bed toe-drains and roadside ditches as small as 0.15 m2. <br><br>Species typically occur in the absence of fish.  Presence of fish, though not considered a separation barrier for EO SPECS purpooses, is a very strong indicator of phyllopod absence and a barrier to dispersal.  Rare exceptions occur when anostracans are found in large, deep freshwater lakes where fish predation is very low (<i>Branchinecta</i> in Canada- Anderson, 1974; <i>Cyclestheria hislopi</i>- Olesen et al., 1996).  Species often have high tolerance to fluctuations in osmotic pressure, oxygen concentration, salinity, alkalinity, pH (though they prefer alkaline waters).  Phyllopodous branchiopods typically have one (or two) generations each time potential habitat is made available often only hatching only some of the eggs at any given time while cyst banking the remainder (Belk and Cole, 1975; Loring et al., 1988; Ripley et al., 2004) so a major strategy is to produce as many small resistant eggs as possible in the shortest amount of time that aestivate and then hatch when the pool fills again.  <br><br>Separating populations can be exceedingly difficult because a species may be abundant for several successive years, then be absent unaccountably for one or two years, then mysteriously return.  Adults tend to be restricted to their area of occurrence only, and, although minimum separation distance has been set at only one km and some random dispersal by predators may occur (see below), phyllopods are usually present in scattered pools with nearby pools completely absent, for whatever reason.  This may be attributed to stochastic distribution patterns resulting from dispersal of resting eggs by wind or transported by birds or insects that visit branchiopod habitat to drink or breed (Loring et al., 1988).  Recently, resting eggs of the European fairy shrimp, <i>Chirocephalus diaphanus</i>, were shown to survive ingestion by trout and subsequent freezing and re-incubation in the laboratory without losing viability indicating fish may aid in dispersal of some species of fairy shrimp (Beladjal et al., 2007).  Only subtle generic differences among populations of anostracans, even when close to each other (Boileau et al., 1992), suggests dispersal rate is either very low or completely random.  Diversity in Arizona, for example, depends mainly on chemical heterogeneity among (mostly temporary) habitats; and thermal variation resulting both from ponds filling at different seasons and from altitudinal and latitudinal effects (Belk, 1977; Eng et al., 1990).","versionDate":"2007-02-09","versionAuthor":"Cordeiro, J.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:29:53.58933Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":108637,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":109964,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:37:50.989278Z"}],"references":[{"id":175318,"citation":"Helm, B.P. 1998. Biogeography of eight large branchiopods endemic to California. Pages 124-139 in C.W. Witham, E.T. Bauder, D. Belk, W.R. Ferren, Jr. and R. Ornduff (eds.) Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems- Proceedings from a 1996 Conference. California Native Plant society, Sacramento, California.","shortCitationAuthor":"Helm","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"A98HEL01EHUS","lastModified":"2021-04-03T01:58:52.586887Z"},{"id":650106,"citation":"Hossack, B.R., R.L. Newell, and D.C. Rogers. 2010. Branchiopods (Anostraca, Notostraca) from protected areas of western Montana. Northwest Science 84(1):52-59.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hossack et al.","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"A10HOS01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:28:12.084014Z"},{"id":107837,"citation":"Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 1999. February 17-last update. Integrated Taxonomic Information System: Biological Names. Online. Available: http://www.itis.gov.","shortCitationAuthor":"Integrated Taxonomic Information System","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"N99INT01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:33:50.448494Z"},{"id":374799,"citation":"Maeda-Martinez, A.M., H. Obregon-Barboza, H. Garcia-Valazco, and G. Murugan. 2000. A proposal on th e phylogeny and the historical biogeography of the tadpole shrimp <i>Triops</i>.  Anostracan News, 8(2): 1-3.","shortCitationAuthor":"Maeda-Martinez et al.","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00MAE01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:33:50.448494Z"},{"id":489143,"citation":"McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31. 545 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McLaughlin et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05MCL01EHUS","lastModified":"2023-04-07T22:10:09.505563Z"},{"id":630139,"citation":"Murugan, G., A.M. Maeda-Martinez, H. Obregon-Barboza, and N.Y. Hernandez-Saavedra, 2002. Molecular characterization of the tadpole shrimp <i>Triops </i>(Branchiopoda: Notostraca) from the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico: New insights on species diversity and phylogeny of the genus. Studies on Large Branchiopod Biology, Hydrobiologia, 486: 101-113.","shortCitationAuthor":"Marugan et al.","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02MAR01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:33:50.448494Z"},{"id":473108,"citation":"Saunders, J.F., III. 1980. Eubranchiopoda of Colorado. Part 1. Introduction and Notostraca. Natural History Inventory of Colorado 5: 11-24.","shortCitationAuthor":"Saunders","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"A80SAU02EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:33:50.448494Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":131024,"name":"Summer Tadpole Shrimp","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":108637,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":1,"genusSizeDescEn":"Monotypic genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género monotípico","genusSizeDescFr":"Genre monotypique"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":19,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Crayfish, Shrimp, & Other Crustaceans","level3":"Fairy, Clam, and Tadpole Shrimps","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":16,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":2130},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","taxclass":"Branchiopoda","taxorder":"Notostraca","family":"Triopsidae","genus":"Triops","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Invertebrates","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":108637,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"Occurs in alkaline, turbid, warm to hot water temporary pools and playas, rice paddies and other similar artificial habitats.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-103844,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":1,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"TEMPORARY POOL","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"PISCINA TEMPORAL","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"BASSIN TEMPORAIRE","displayOrder":1}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":489143,"citation":"McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 31. 545 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McLaughlin et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05MCL01EHUS","lastModified":"2023-04-07T22:10:09.505563Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}