{"elementGlobalId":107385,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":2,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Invertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal invertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal invertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Haliotis rufescens</i>","scientificName":"Haliotis rufescens","scientificNameAuthor":"Swainson, 1822","primaryCommonName":"Red Abalone","relatedItisNames":"<i>Haliotis rufescens</i> Swainson, 1822 (TSN 69497)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.107385","elcode":"IMGASV2010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. L. Pratt, C. F. E. Roper, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, and J. D. Williams. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. 277 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Haliotis rufescens</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2010-07-13","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Cordeiro, J.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":171121,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":299704,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":299704,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":841770,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":841770,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2010,"nrank":"N4","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":171121,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":841766,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N1","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":841767,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":841767,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2010,"nrank":"N1","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":841766,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:50:38.678155Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.107385/Haliotis_rufescens","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2010-07-13","grankReviewDate":"2010-07-13","grankReasons":"It ranges from Sunset Bay, Oregon to Bahia San Bartolome, Baja, California, including the Farallon and Channel Islands and is extremely rare disjunctly in British Columbia.","grank":"G4G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":107385,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":30,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"De 20.000 a 200.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a 80.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à 200 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à 80 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"It ranges from Sunset Bay, Oregon to Bahia San Bartolome, Baja, California, including the Farallon and Channel Islands (Cox, 1962). Anecdotal reports in British Columbia were recently confirmed by a single specimen collected in 1998 at the north end of Athabaskan Island, along the central coast (Campbell et al., 2010). Range overlaps with <i>Haliotis kamatschatkana</i> in the southern part of its range and hybridization has been known to occur (Campbell et al., 2010).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"It has only been documented in British Columbia once in 1998 at the north end of Athabaskan Island, along the central coast (Campbell et al., 2010).","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"This species is fished commercially.","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"The Abalone Recovery and Management Plan uses results of fishery independent transect surveys at eight index sites to regulate total allowable catch for the recreational fishery.  Results of subsequent surveys in 2003 and 2005 indicate no change is needed in the current total allowable catch limits (Kashiwada and Taniguchi, 2007). ","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":107385,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":107385,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"The Abalone Recovery and Management Plan uses results of fishery independent transect surveys at eight index sites to regulate total allowable catch for the recreational fishery.  Results of subsequent surveys in 2003 and 2005 indicate no change is needed in the current total allowable catch limits (Kashiwada and Taniguchi, 2007).  A table of abalone sizes as a function of time for the Taussian model, from which an estimate of the number of years to grow into the fishery (12.0 =- 1 year) is presented in Rogers-Bennett et al. (2007).  Mortality estimates are also presented.","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":108750,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:34:17.079388Z"}],"references":[{"id":657438,"citation":"Campbell, A., R.E. Withler, and K.J. Supernault. 2010. Occurrence of the red abalone <i>Haliotis rufescens</i> in British Columbia, Canada. American Malacological Bulletin 28:185-188.","shortCitationAuthor":"Campbell et al.","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"A10CAM01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},{"id":657439,"citation":"Cox, K.W. 1962. California abalones, family Haliotidae. California Fish and Game Bulletin 118:1-133.","shortCitationAuthor":"Cox","shortCitationYear":1962,"referenceCode":"A62COX01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},{"id":1043513,"citation":"Geiger D. L., and B. Owen. 2012. Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. viii + 361 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Geiger and Owen","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12GEI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},{"id":621090,"citation":"Kashiwada, J.V. and I.K. Taniguchi. 2007. Application of recent red abalone <i>Haliotis rufescens</i> surveys to management decisions outlined in the California Abalone Recovery and Management Plan. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(3): 713-717.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kashiwada and Taniguchi","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"A07KAS01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},{"id":621088,"citation":"Rogers-Bennett, L., D.W. Rogers, and S.A. Schultz. 2007. Modeling growth and mortality of red abalone (<i>Haliotis rufescens</i>) in northern California. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(2): 719-727.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rogers-Bennett et al.","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"A07ROG01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},{"id":104959,"citation":"Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. L. Pratt, C. F. E. Roper, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, and J. D. Williams. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. 277 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Turgeon et al.","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"B88TUR01EHUS","lastModified":"2023-08-05T01:08:27.771436Z"},{"id":1029759,"citation":"WoRMS Editorial Board. 2019. World Register of Marine Species. Available: http://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ (accessed 25 Jan 2019)","shortCitationAuthor":"WoRMS","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"W19WOR01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":107385,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":15,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Mussels, Snails, & Other Molluscs","level3":"Other Molluscs","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":11,"distributionStatus":"not","displayOrder":2040},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Mollusca","taxclass":"Gastropoda","taxorder":"Archaeogastropoda","family":"Haliotidae","genus":"Haliotis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":false,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Invertebrates","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":107385,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":null,"generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1043513,"citation":"Geiger D. L., and B. Owen. 2012. Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. viii + 361 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Geiger and Owen","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12GEI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:30:07.366981Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}