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Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrences should include known nesting areas and travel corridors between the wetlands and nest sites, but occurrences based on captures/observations of individuals in wetlands/aquatic habitats should include only the known distribution of the population and not include large areas of upland habitat (not known to be occupied) that may extend between occupied wetlands within the appropriate separation distances.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that turtles rarely if ever cross successfully; untraversable topography (e.g., cliff); urbanized area lacking aquatic or wetland habitat; saltwater habitats.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Separation distance along riverine corridors: 10 stream km.  Separation distance for other freshwater aquatic and wetland habitats: 5 km.  Separation distance for upland habitat: 1 km. Use intermediate values for intermediate circumstances.","separationJustification":"Musk turtles generally do not venture far from water. Upland habitat appears to inhibit movement, though of course these turtles do nest in uplands (but typically within 50 m of water). <br><br>Limited data indicate that home range size tends to be small. In Oklahoma, the maximum distance between successive captures of S. carinatus was 94 m (Mahmoud 1969). Home range of S. odoratus averaged 0.05 ha or less in Oklahoma; maximum distance between successive captures was 525 m (Mahmoud 1969). In Pennsylvania, home range size of S. odoratus averaged about 1.75 ha in males and 0.94 ha in females (Ernst 1986). In South Carolina, individuals were found in upland refugia up to 49 m from the delineated wetland boundary (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001). <br><br>The separation distances used here for freshwater aquatic and wetland habitats reflect the likelihood that, despite evidence of limited movements, these turtles can and do move longer distances within suitable habitat than have been documented.","versionDate":"2004-09-10","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2026-02-28T03:15:34.348723Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":106452,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":107848,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:31:30.701864Z"}],"references":[{"id":155630,"citation":"Collins, J. 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Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":153676,"citation":"Dixon, J. R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas. Second edition. Texas A & M University Press, College Station. 421 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dixon","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00DIX01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:10.585113Z"},{"id":761719,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States. Univ. 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Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 012.1-012.6, doi:10.3854/crm.5.012.carinatus.v1.2008, //iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindeman","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08LIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:44:51.853382Z"},{"id":150832,"citation":"Mahmoud, I. Y. 1969. Comparative ecology of the kinosternid turtles of Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 14(1):31-66.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mahmoud","shortCitationYear":1969,"referenceCode":"A69MAH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:14.980357Z"},{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. 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Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1–575. doi:10.3854/crm.10.checklist.atlas.v10.2025.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-12-05T22:55:46.14503Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}