{"elementGlobalId":106297,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":1,"iucnDescEn":"Extinct","iucnDescEs":"Extinto","iucnDescFr":"Disparue","iucnCode":"EX"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Neomonachus tropicalis</i>","scientificName":"Neomonachus tropicalis","scientificNameAuthor":"(Gray, 1850)","primaryCommonName":"Caribbean Monk Seal","relatedItisNames":"<i>Monachus tropicalis</i> (Gray, 1850) (TSN 180660)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106297","elcode":"AMAJG04010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","conceptName":"<i>Monachus tropicalis</i>","taxonomicComments":"The genus <i>Neomonachus </i>is now used for the endangered Hawaiian and extinct Caribbean monk seals, leaving the Mediterranean monk seal as the sole species of <i>Monachus</i> (Scheel et al. 2014).","roundedGRank":"GX","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2011-04-05","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jackson, D. R., and G. 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J. 2004. <i>Monachus tropicalis</i>. Mammalian Species 747:1-9.","shortCitationAuthor":"Adam","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"A04ADA01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-03-01T01:40:13.443451Z"},{"id":463428,"citation":"Adam, P. J., and G. G. Garcia. 2003. New information on the natural history, distribution, and skull of the extinct (?) West Indian monk seal, <i>Monachus tropicalis</i>. Marine Mammal Science 19:297-317.","shortCitationAuthor":"Adam and Garcia","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03ADA0100LA","lastModified":"2025-10-04T02:22:10.83835Z"},{"id":137338,"citation":"Allen, G.M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. Am. Comm. Int. Wild. Prot., Spec. Prob. No. ll. 620 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Allen","shortCitationYear":1942,"referenceCode":"B42ALL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:48.124394Z"},{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. 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S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, R. J. Baker, and M. D. Engstrom. 1992a. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 146:1-23.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jones et al.","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92JON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":134246,"citation":"Kenyon, K. W. 1981. Monk seals. Pages 195-220 in Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison (editors). Handbook of Marine Mammals. Volume 2. Seals. Academic Press, New York, New York.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kenyon","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"A81KEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:55.448883Z"},{"id":138484,"citation":"King, J. E. 1983. Seals of the world. Second edition. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca.","shortCitationAuthor":"King","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83KIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:19.664475Z"},{"id":121960,"citation":"Mouchaty, S., J. A. Cook, and G. F. Shields. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of northern hair seals based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Journal of Mammalogy 76:1178-1185.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mouchaty et al.","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"A95MOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:59.382785Z"},{"id":104862,"citation":"Nowak, R. M. 1991. Walker's mammals of the world. Fifth edition. Vols. I and II. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. 1629 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nowak","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91NOW01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.881928Z"},{"id":109487,"citation":"Reeves, R. R., and J. K. Ling. 1981. Hooded seal. Pages 171-194 in Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison, eds. Handbook of marine mammals. Vol. 2. Seals. Academic Press, N.Y.","shortCitationAuthor":"Reeves and Ling","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"A81REE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:22:34.141756Z"},{"id":148264,"citation":"Reeves, R. R., B. S. Stewart, and S. Leatherwood. 1992. The Sierra Club Handbook of Seals and Sirenians. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, California. xvi + 359 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Reeves et al.","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92REE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:59.398399Z"},{"id":138742,"citation":"Rice, D. W. 1998. Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy, Special Publication Number 4. ix + 231 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rice","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98RIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:01.866439Z"},{"id":149294,"citation":"Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison. 1981. Handbook of Marine Mammals. Volume 2. Seals. Academic Press, New York, New York. 359 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ridgway and Harrison","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"B81RID02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:59.382785Z"},{"id":149240,"citation":"Riedman, M. 1990a. The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions and Walruses. 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Conservation Biology 11:549-551.","shortCitationAuthor":"Timm et al.","shortCitationYear":1997,"referenceCode":"A97TIM0100LA","lastModified":"2025-10-04T02:22:10.83835Z"},{"id":117022,"citation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":153888,"citation":"Wing, E. S. 1992. West Indian monk seal <i>Monachus tropicalis</i>. Pages 35-40 in S. R. Humphrey (editor). Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume I. Mammals. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wing","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"A92WIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-10-04T02:22:10.83835Z"},{"id":128774,"citation":"Wyss, A. R. 1988. On \"retrogression\" in the evolution of the Phocinae and phylogenetic affinities of the monk seals. Am. 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Differs from the hooded seal (errant juveniles of which have occurred in monk seal range) in lacking mottled pelage; hooded seal pelage is irregularly mottled black [or dark brown] and gray, though the distinctness of the mottling is reduced when the pelage is wet (looks dark gray) (Reeves and Ling 1981).","speciesMarineHabitats":[{"cagMarineHabId":-100311,"marineHabitat":{"id":3,"marineHabitatDescEn":"Near shore","marineHabitatDescEs":"Cercano a la costa","marineHabitatDescFr":"Côtier","displayOrder":3}}],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-105932,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":16,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Sand/dune","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Arena/duna","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Dune","displayOrder":18}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[{"cagEstuarineHabId":-100462,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":4,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Tidal flat/shore","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Marea plana/orilla","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Replat de marée/rivage","displayOrder":4}}]},"primaryReference":{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. 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