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However, Parkinson (1999) examined mtDNA variation and found that <i>Crotalus</i> is paraphyletic with regard to the monophyletic <i>Sistrurus</i>.<br /><br />Gloyd (1935) found <i>S. m. barbouri</i> distinct from the other two races by having the lateral spots in 3 series vs. 1–2 series for the other two (Crother 2017).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2006-09-08","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164098,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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of <30% to increase of 25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a aumento de 25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à augmentation de 25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":13,"numberEosDescEn":"81 - 300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a 300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":17,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Some to many (13-125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Algunos a muchos (13-125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De quelques-uns à plusieurs (de 13 à 125)"},"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":34,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés 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In central Florida, found above ground at air temperatures of 14-32 C; prey capture occurred in all months but was lowest in winter; peaks in movement occurred in spring and fall (May et al. 1996). During the warmer months in Florida (Palm Beach County), active in late afternoon and/or at night, basked in the morning; from November to February, main activity was basking in the afternoon (Hudnall 1979). Seldom encountered except in late summer in Alabama (Mount 1975). Active mainly in late spring and early summer in Texas (Tennant 1984). In North Carolina, active March-November. In the north, activity seems to peak from June to September. 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Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tennant","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98TEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:44.477187Z"},{"id":272848,"citation":"Trauth, S. E., H. W. Robison, and M. V. Plummer. 2004. The amphibians and reptiles of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press.","shortCitationAuthor":"Trauth et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04TRA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:58.163079Z"},{"id":124907,"citation":"Webb, R. G. 1970. Reptiles of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 370 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Webb","shortCitationYear":1970,"referenceCode":"B70WEB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:56.320403Z"},{"id":155257,"citation":"Werler, J. E., and J. R. Dixon. 2000. Texas snakes: identification, distribution, and natural history. University of Texas Press, Austin. xv + 437 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Werler and Dixon","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"B00WER01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":145456,"name":"pygmy rattlesnake","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":106160,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":2,"genusSizeDescEn":"Very small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Un género muy pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Très petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Viperidae","genus":"Sistrurus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":101891,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101891","formattedScientificName":"<i>Sistrurus miliarius streckeri</i>","scientificName":"Sistrurus miliarius streckeri","primaryCommonName":"Western Pygmy Rattlesnake","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101891/Sistrurus_miliarius_streckeri"},{"infraspeciesId":105495,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105495","formattedScientificName":"<i>Sistrurus miliarius miliarius</i>","scientificName":"Sistrurus miliarius miliarius","primaryCommonName":"Carolina Pygmy Rattlesnake","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105495/Sistrurus_miliarius_miliarius"},{"infraspeciesId":106250,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106250","formattedScientificName":"<i>Sistrurus miliarius barbouri</i>","scientificName":"Sistrurus miliarius barbouri","primaryCommonName":"Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106250/Sistrurus_miliarius_barbouri"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":106160,"reproductionComments":"Mating in nature has been observed in September. 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I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}