{"elementGlobalId":106142,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":4,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Expertise without calculation","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by inspection","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Colaptes auratus</i>","scientificName":"Colaptes auratus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Linnaeus, 1758)","primaryCommonName":"Northern Flicker","relatedItisNames":"<i>Colaptes auratus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (TSN 178154)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106142","elcode":"ABNYF10020","conceptRefFullCitation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.","conceptName":"<i>Colaptes auratus</i>","taxonomicComments":"Also called the Common Flicker. Three forms previously were considered separate species, and then conspecific, then partially split: <i>C. auratus</i> (yellow-shafted Flicker); <i>C. cafer</i> (Red-shafted Flicker); <i>C. chrysoides</i> (Gilded Flicker). Sibley and Monroe (1990), citing information from N. K. Johnson, noted that interbreeding between <i>cafer</i> and <i>chrysoides</i> is limited; they treated the later as a distinct species, <i>C. chrysoides</i>. Fletcher and Moore (1992) found very little geographic variation in allozymes across the three subspecies groups and the entire continental U.S. (birds in general are known to display little allozymic differentiation, even between recognized species). These results agree with previous findings that the hybrid zone between Red- and Yellow-shafted Flickers does not act as a barrier to nuclear gene flow. The allozyme data indicate a population structure that is not congruent with that indicated by mtDNA data (see Fletcher and Moore 1992). Fletcher and Moore concluded that more data are needed before taxonomic considerations regarding the Gilded Flicker (<i>chrysoides</i> subspecies group) can be adequately addressed. AOU (1995) cited limited hybridization between <i>auratus</i> and <i>chrysoides</i> and marked clutch size differences in recognizing<i> C. auratus</i> (with <i>cafer</i>) and <i>C. chrysoides</i> as distinct species. Isolated form on Cuba, <i>chrysocaulosus</i>, usually treated as a race of <i>C. auratus</i> and form in Middle America, <i>mexicanoides</i>, usually treated as a race of <i>C. </i> <i>cafer </i>(AOU 1998).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2014-02-26","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jue, Sally S.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164258,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N5B,N5N","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":394300,"subnation":{"id":92,"nameEn":"Island of Newfoundland","nameEs":"Isla de Terranova","nameFr":"Île de Terre­Neuve","subnationCode":"NF","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":394300,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":336822,"subnation":{"id":69,"nameEn":"Quebec","nameEs":"Quebec","nameFr":"Québec","subnationCode":"QC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":336822,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":349912,"subnation":{"id":68,"nameEn":"Prince Edward Island","nameEs":"Isla del Príncipe Eduardo","nameFr":"Île-du-Prince-Édouard","subnationCode":"PE","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":349912,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":390677,"subnation":{"id":60,"nameEn":"Alberta","nameEs":"Alberta","nameFr":"Alberta","subnationCode":"AB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B,SUN","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Proprietary Data","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S5B,SUN","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":390677,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":265195,"subnation":{"id":63,"nameEn":"New Brunswick","nameEs":"New Brunswick","nameFr":"Nouveau-Brunswick","subnationCode":"NB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":265195,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":399035,"subnation":{"id":62,"nameEn":"Manitoba","nameEs":"Manitoba","nameFr":"Manitoba","subnationCode":"MB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":399035,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":313124,"subnation":{"id":93,"nameEn":"Yukon Territory","nameEs":"Territorio del Yukón","nameFr":"Territoire du Yukon","subnationCode":"YT","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":313124,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":325930,"subnation":{"id":227,"nameEn":"Nunavut","nameEs":"Nunavut","nameFr":"Nunavut","subnationCode":"NU","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SUB","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SUB","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":325930,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":304957,"subnation":{"id":66,"nameEn":"Nova Scotia","nameEs":"Nueva Escocia","nameFr":"Nouvelle-Écosse","subnationCode":"NS","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":304957,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":284747,"subnation":{"id":65,"nameEn":"Northwest Territories","nameEs":"Territorios del Noroeste","nameFr":"Territoires du Nord-Ouest","subnationCode":"NT","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284747,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":291824,"subnation":{"id":70,"nameEn":"Saskatchewan","nameEs":"Saskatchewan","nameFr":"Saskatchewan","subnationCode":"SK","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5B,SUN","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,SUN","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":291824,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":349913,"subnation":{"id":67,"nameEn":"Ontario","nameEs":"Ontario","nameFr":"Ontario","subnationCode":"ON","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":349913,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":389975,"subnation":{"id":91,"nameEn":"Labrador","nameEs":"Labrador","nameFr":"Labrador","subnationCode":"LB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S3B,SUM","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3B,SUM","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":389975,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":363832,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":363832,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2023,"nrank":"N5B,N5N","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":164258,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":166134,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5B,N5N","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":339366,"subnation":{"id":37,"nameEn":"New Hampshire","nameEs":"New Hampshire","nameFr":"New Hampshire","subnationCode":"NH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":339366,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":352857,"subnation":{"id":1,"nameEn":"Alaska","nameEs":"Alaska","nameFr":"Alaska","subnationCode":"AK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":352857,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":282280,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":282280,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":348404,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":348404,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":271119,"subnation":{"id":19,"nameEn":"Illinois","nameEs":"Illinois","nameFr":"Illinois","subnationCode":"IL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":271119,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":268875,"subnation":{"id":43,"nameEn":"Oklahoma","nameEs":"Oklahoma","nameFr":"Oklahoma","subnationCode":"OK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":268875,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":270680,"subnation":{"id":9,"nameEn":"Connecticut","nameEs":"Connecticut","nameFr":"Connecticut","subnationCode":"CT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":270680,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":363751,"subnation":{"id":4,"nameEn":"Arkansas","nameEs":"Arkansas","nameFr":"Arkansas","subnationCode":"AR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":363751,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":393679,"subnation":{"id":30,"nameEn":"Missouri","nameEs":"Missouri","nameFr":"Missouri","subnationCode":"MO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":393679,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":313321,"subnation":{"id":22,"nameEn":"Kentucky","nameEs":"Kentucky","nameFr":"Kentucky","subnationCode":"KY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4B,S4N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5B,S4S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":313321,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":311869,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":311869,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":314020,"subnation":{"id":47,"nameEn":"Rhode Island","nameEs":"Rhode Island","nameFr":"Rhode Island","subnationCode":"RI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":314020,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":276861,"subnation":{"id":88,"nameEn":"Navajo Nation","nameEs":"La Nación Navajo","nameFr":"Nation Navajo","subnationCode":"NN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":276861,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":324618,"subnation":{"id":20,"nameEn":"Indiana","nameEs":"Indiana","nameFr":"Indiana","subnationCode":"IN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":324618,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":349231,"subnation":{"id":58,"nameEn":"West Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia Occidental","nameFr":"Virginie-Occidentale","subnationCode":"WV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":349231,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":340301,"subnation":{"id":45,"nameEn":"Pennsylvania","nameEs":"Pennsylvania","nameFr":"Pennsylvanie","subnationCode":"PA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4B,S4N,S5M","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4B,S4N,S5M","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":340301,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":293961,"subnation":{"id":40,"nameEn":"Nevada","nameEs":"Nevada","nameFr":"Nevada","subnationCode":"NV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":293961,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":359643,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":359643,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":328133,"subnation":{"id":42,"nameEn":"Ohio","nameEs":"Ohio","nameFr":"Ohio","subnationCode":"OH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":328133,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":264572,"subnation":{"id":29,"nameEn":"Minnesota","nameEs":"Minnesota","nameFr":"Minnesota","subnationCode":"MN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNRB","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNRB","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":264572,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":281977,"subnation":{"id":21,"nameEn":"Kansas","nameEs":"Kansas","nameFr":"Kansas","subnationCode":"KS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":281977,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":281971,"subnation":{"id":24,"nameEn":"Massachusetts","nameEs":"Massachusetts","nameFr":"Massachusetts","subnationCode":"MA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":281971,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":327649,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":327649,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":346604,"subnation":{"id":33,"nameEn":"Montana","nameEs":"Montana","nameFr":"Montana","subnationCode":"MT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":346604,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":320864,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":320864,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":408394,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":408394,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":334891,"subnation":{"id":11,"nameEn":"Delaware","nameEs":"Delaware","nameFr":"Delaware","subnationCode":"DE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":334891,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":394960,"subnation":{"id":41,"nameEn":"New York","nameEs":"Nueva York","nameFr":"New York","subnationCode":"NY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":394960,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":333422,"subnation":{"id":8,"nameEn":"Colorado","nameEs":"Colorado","nameFr":"Colorado","subnationCode":"CO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":333422,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":305238,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":305238,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":372744,"subnation":{"id":26,"nameEn":"Maine","nameEs":"Maine","nameFr":"Maine","subnationCode":"ME","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":372744,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":313469,"subnation":{"id":55,"nameEn":"Vermont","nameEs":"Vermont","nameFr":"Vermont","subnationCode":"VT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":313469,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":325722,"subnation":{"id":28,"nameEn":"Michigan","nameEs":"Michigan","nameFr":"Michigan","subnationCode":"MI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":325722,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":298720,"subnation":{"id":18,"nameEn":"Idaho","nameEs":"Idaho","nameFr":"Idaho","subnationCode":"ID","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":298720,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":358367,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":358367,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":350033,"subnation":{"id":17,"nameEn":"Iowa","nameEs":"Iowa","nameFr":"Iowa","subnationCode":"IA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":350033,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":345460,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":345460,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":312208,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":312208,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":282211,"subnation":{"id":59,"nameEn":"Wyoming","nameEs":"Wyoming","nameFr":"Wyoming","subnationCode":"WY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":282211,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":358370,"subnation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"New Jersey","nameEs":"Nueva Jersey","nameFr":"New Jersey","subnationCode":"NJ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4B,S4N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4B,S4N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":358370,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":347049,"subnation":{"id":25,"nameEn":"Maryland","nameEs":"Maryland","nameFr":"Maryland","subnationCode":"MD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S5N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S5N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":347049,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":264556,"subnation":{"id":36,"nameEn":"Nebraska","nameEs":"Nebraska","nameFr":"Nebraska","subnationCode":"NE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":3,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Conditional","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"C"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":264556,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":284416,"subnation":{"id":52,"nameEn":"Utah","nameEs":"Utah","nameFr":"Utah","subnationCode":"UT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284416,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":312825,"subnation":{"id":35,"nameEn":"North Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Norte","nameFr":"Dakota du Nord","subnationCode":"ND","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNRB","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNRB","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":312825,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":306161,"subnation":{"id":10,"nameEn":"District of Columbia","nameEs":"Distrito de Columbia","nameFr":"District de Columbia","subnationCode":"DC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2N,S5B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S3N,S5B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":306161,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":285220,"subnation":{"id":50,"nameEn":"Tennessee","nameEs":"Tennessee","nameFr":"Tennessee","subnationCode":"TN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":285220,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":267737,"subnation":{"id":57,"nameEn":"Wisconsin","nameEs":"Wisconsin","nameFr":"Wisconsin","subnationCode":"WI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4B","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4B","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":267737,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":325616,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3B,S4N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3B,S4N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":325616,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":379450,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":379450,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":361628,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":361628,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":340524,"subnation":{"id":49,"nameEn":"South Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Sur","nameFr":"Dakota du Sud","subnationCode":"SD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5B,S3N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5B,S3N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":340524,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1997,"nrank":"N5B,N5N","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":166134,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:47:46.650203Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106142/Colaptes_auratus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-12-02","grankReviewDate":"2016-04-07","grankReasons":"Still very common.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":106142,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":9,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Moderate to broad.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Moderado a amplio.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"De modéré à vaste."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":6,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Not intrinsically vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"No intrínsecamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Non intrinsèquement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":38,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to increase of 25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a aumento de 25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à augmentation de 25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":20,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Many to very many (41 to >125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muchos a muy muchos (41 a >125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup (de 41 à >125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":15,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Muchas ocurrencias (>40) protegidas y controladas adecuadamente","numberProtEosDescFr":"Beaucoup d’occurrences (>40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":36,"popSizeDescEn":">1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":">1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":">1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"BREEDS: from tree limit in central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, James Bay, central Quebec, southern Labrador, and Newfoundland, south to Baja California, southern Texas, Gulf coast, sounthern Florida, Nicaragua, Cuba and Grand Cayman. WINTERS: southern Canada south (Terres 1980).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Estimate given this species large numbers and range","numberEosComments":"This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations), with an estimated population of nine million by Partners in Flight (2013), with four million being in the U.S.","popSizeComments":"Based on Partners in Flight numbers (2013).","viabilityComments":"With a large range encompassing many states, populations in national wildlife refuges and state parks should be reasonably good EOs.","threatImpactComments":"Although Northern Flicker remains common, its declining abundance, evident since 1966, is alarming. No rigorous, focused studies identify the cause of this decline; 3 hypotheses: (1) competition from European Starlings for nest cavities (2) declining availability of suitable nest-cavity substrate (snags, dead limbs, and live trees with heart rot) and (3) pesticide application on golf courses, agricultural fields and suburban lawns (Wiebe and Moore, 2008).                  The cause of the declines in recent decades is unknown; perhaps food resources (ants) have become scarce due to pesticide use and/or, in the south, the impact of imported fire ants (are these eaten by flickers?) on native ants (S. Droege).  Subspecies CHRYSOIDES (gilded flicker) has declined in southern California due to loss and degradation of riparian forest habitat and extirpation of saguaros (California Department of Fish and Game 1990).  European starlings sometimes usurp nest sites, but flickers do not necessarily incur a reduction in fecundity because they may be able to renest successfully later in the season, though this is not without its problems (Ingold 1994).","shortTermTrendComments":"Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data indicate a significant population decrease in eastern North America between 1966 and 1989 (Droege and Sauer 1990). BBS data for 1966-1993 indicate large declines throughout eastern North America and the prairies, with a mixture of increases and (mainly) declines in the West (S. Droege). Christmas Bird Count data for 1959-1988 indicate significant decline (mean 1.2% per year) in North America, but a number of northern states exhibit population increases (S. Droege). Subspecies CHRYSOIDES (gilded flicker) has declined in southern California (California Department of Fish and Game 1990).  The latest CBC data natonwide show an increase nationwide (National Audubon Society, 2014).","longTermTrendComments":"BBS surveys through 2005 suggest populations are declining in the U.S. by 2.5% annually since 1966, with an average 2.0% decline throughout North America (Wiebe and Moore, 2008).","inventoryNeeds":"No real need at this time since still so common.","numberProtEosComments":"An estimate.  With an estimated global population of 9 million, there should be at least 40 element occurences that are protected, although the EOs probably not protected and managed for this species per se.","protectionNeeds":"Effective management policies must consider the dynamic-equilibrium of the snags and dead limbs that comprise the standing crop (Sedgwick and Knopf 1992). In forested areas, snags should be left in harvested and burned areas (Saab et al. 2007). Thomas et al. (1979) estimated that 93 snags/100 ha would result in flicker populations reaching 100% of their potential density in several western woodland communities. Conserving the Northern Flicker is important because this is the primary predator on ants in woodland habitats and because it acts as a keystone species by excavating a large percentage of the nest cavities used by numerous secondary cavity-nesting species (Martin et al. 2004). The loss or diminution of the Northern Flicker would likely have a large impact on most woodland ecosystems in North America (Wiebe and Moore, 2008).","otherConsiderations":"None","intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"No obvious vulnerability except habitat destruction by humans (Wiebe and Moore, 2008).","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"As its broad geographic distribution suggests, the Northern Flicker is a generalist in many respects, but in others it is a specialist. It is clearly a species of open woodlands, savannas, and forest edges. It eats mostly ants but also beetle larvae and?during late autumn, winter, and early spring?a variety of berries. The Northern Flicker is well adapted to habitats altered by humans (Wiebe and Moore, 2008)."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":106142,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":true,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Breeding populations north of southern Canada generally move south for winter.","foodHabitsComments":"Feeds on insects (ants, beetles, wasps, grasshoppers, grubs, etc). Feeds on the ground or catches insects in the air. Also eats fruits, berries, and seeds (clovers, grasses, ragweed, etc.) (Terres 1980).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":32,"width":null,"weight":142,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102486,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104624,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104625,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1242,"locationUseClass":{"id":2,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Breeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"En reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Reproduction","displayOrder":2},"eoSpecGroupName":"Woodpeckers","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on a conservatively small home range of 3 hectares.","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical breeding, or current and likely recurring breeding, at a given location, minimally a reliable observation of one or more breeding pairs in appropriate habitat. Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single breeding events outside the normal breeding distribution.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":5.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"The high potential for gene flow among populations of birds separated by fairly large distances makes it difficult to circumscribe occurrences on the basis of meaningful population units without occurrences becoming too large. Hence, a moderate, standardized separation distance has been adopted for woodpeckers; it should yield occurrences that are not too spatially expansive while also accounting for the likelihood of gene flow among populations within a few kilometers of each other. <br /><br />Be careful not to separate a population's nesting areas and foraging areas as different occurrences; include them in the same occurrence even if they are more than 5 km apart.<br /><br />Territories generally smaller than non-breeding home ranges. Territories/home ranges: Red-headed Woodpecker, summer territories 3.1-8.5 hectares (Venables and Collopy 1989), winter territories smaller (0.17 hectare to 1 hectare (Williams and Batzli 1979, Venables and Collopy 1989, Moskovits 1978); Lewis's Woodpecker, 1.0-6.0 hectares (Thomas et al. 1979); Golden-fronted Woodpecker, summer ranges larger than breeding territories, ranging from 15.4 to 41.7 hectares (average 24.9, Husak 1997); Gila Woodpecker, pair territories ranged from 4.45 to 10.0 hectares (n = 5) (Edwards and Schnell 2000); Nuttall's Woodpecker, about 65 hectares (0.8 kilometers diameter; Miller and Bock 1972); Hairy Woodpecker: breeding territories averaged 2.8 hectares, range 2.4 to 3.2 hectares (Lawrence 1967); Black-backed Woodpecker, home ranges 61-328 hectares (Goggans et al. 1988, Lisi 1988, Dixon and Saab 2000); White-headed Woodpecker, mean home ranges 104 and 212 hectares on old-growth sites and 321 and 342 hectares on fragmented sites (Dixon 1995a,b); Williamson's Sapsucker, home ranges 4-9 hectares (Crockett 1975). <br /><br />Fidelity to breeding site: high in Red-headed Woodpeckers--15 of 45 banded adults returned to vicinity following year (Ingold 1991); one adult moved 1.04 kilometers between breeding seasons (Belson 1998).","versionDate":"2004-09-10","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S., and G. Hammerson","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-09-05T01:18:35.567325Z"},{"eoSpecsDetailId":156468,"locationUseClass":{"id":3,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Nonbreeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"No reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Non-reproduction","displayOrder":3},"eoSpecGroupName":"Woodpeckers","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of recurring presence of non-breeding birds (including historical) and potential recurring presence at a given location. Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single events.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":5.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"The high potential for gene flow among populations of birds separated by fairly large distances makes it difficult to circumscribe occurrences on the basis of meaningful population units without occurrences becoming too large. Hence, a moderate, standardized separation distance has been adopted for woodpeckers; it should yield occurrences that are not too spatially expansive while also accounting for the likelihood of gene flow among populations within a few kilometers of each other.","versionDate":"2020-08-27","versionAuthor":"Ormes, M. (2020)","versionNotes":"Needs expert review, based on the breeding LUC.","lastModified":"2020-09-05T01:18:35.567325Z"},{"eoSpecsDetailId":156469,"locationUseClass":{"id":14,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Undetermined","locationUseClassDescEs":"Indeterminado","locationUseClassDescFr":"Indéterminé","displayOrder":99},"eoSpecGroupName":"Woodpeckers","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"An area occupied either historically or at present by a persisting or recurring population. Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single events.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":5.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"The high potential for gene flow among populations of birds separated by fairly large distances makes it difficult to circumscribe occurrences on the basis of meaningful population units without occurrences becoming too large. Hence, a moderate, standardized separation distance has been adopted for woodpeckers; it should yield occurrences that are not too spatially expansive while also accounting for the likelihood of gene flow among populations within a few kilometers of each other.","versionDate":"2020-08-27","versionAuthor":"Ormes, M. (2020)","versionNotes":"Needs expert review, this is based on the breeding LUC.","lastModified":"2020-09-05T01:18:35.567325Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":106142,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"Along the lower Colorado River, subspecies CHRYSOIDES may eventually benefit from riparian forest revegetation efforts when trees reach size suitable for nesting (California Department of Fish and Game 1990). <br><br>See Mitchell (1988) for specifications for the construction and placement of nest boxes.","monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Reasons behind the population declines of flickers indicated by long-term censuses are not well understood.  Research is needed into potential effects of competition for cavities, habitat modification and emerging diseases such as the West Nile virus.  The important role that this woodpecker plays as a keystone cavity excavator in many communities makes the conservation of local populations a priority.  Basic research is needed to determine conclusively that nest-substrate availability limits populations. More extensive experiments involving manipulation of snag density, similar to studies of Scott and Oldmeyer (1983), would be most Useful (Wiebe and Moore, 2008).","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":107547,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:30:43.716783Z"}],"references":[{"id":153779,"citation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th edition. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. 877 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU)","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83AOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.689104Z"},{"id":134424,"citation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.","shortCitationAuthor":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU)","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98AOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.673494Z"},{"id":169002,"citation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). Banks, R.C., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., J. A. Rising, and D. F. Stotz. 2003. Forty-fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 120(3):923-931.","shortCitationAuthor":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU)","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03AOU01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:01:21.65182Z"},{"id":136246,"citation":"Belson, M. S. 1998. Red-headed Woodpecker (<i>Melanerpes erythrocephalus</i>) use of habitat at Wekiwa Springs State Park, Florida. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Cnetral Florida, Orlando.","shortCitationAuthor":"Belson","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"N98BEL01NACA","lastModified":"2025-12-05T22:48:38.957047Z"},{"id":463505,"citation":"BirdLife International. 2004b. Threatened birds of the world 2004. CD ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.","shortCitationAuthor":"BirdLife International","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"N04BIR0100LA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.704742Z"},{"id":143480,"citation":"California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G). 1990. 1989 annual report on the status of California's state listed threatened and endangered plants and animals. 188 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G)","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"U90CAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:17.413413Z"},{"id":141375,"citation":"Crockett, A. B. 1975. Ecology and behavior of the Williamson's Sapsucker in Colorado. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crockett","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"N75CRO01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":125139,"citation":"Dixon, R. D. 1995a. Density, nest-site and roost-site characteristics, home-range, habitat-use, and behavior of white-headed woodpeckers. Deschutes and Winema National Forests, Oregon. Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Nongame Report 93-3-01.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dixon","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"R95DIX01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":131742,"citation":"Dixon, R. D. 1995b. Ecology of White-headed woodpeckers in the central Oregon Cascades. M. Sc. thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dixon","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"U95DIX01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":105891,"citation":"Dixon, R. D., and V. A. Saab. 2000. Black-backed Woodpecker (<i>Picoides arcticus</i>). No. 509 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 20pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dixon and Saab","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00DIX01NACA","lastModified":"2025-12-05T22:48:38.957047Z"},{"id":110479,"citation":"Droege, S., and J.R. Sauer. 1990. North American Breeding Bird Survey, annual summary, 1989. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 90(8). 22 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Droege and Sauer","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90DRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:38.819927Z"},{"id":112944,"citation":"Edwards, H. H., and G. D. Schnell. 2000. Gila Woodpecker (<i>Melanerpes uropygialis</i>). No. 532 IN A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 16pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Edwards and Schnell","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00EDW01NACA","lastModified":"2025-12-05T22:48:38.957047Z"},{"id":119866,"citation":"Fletcher, S. D., and W. S. Moore. 1992. Further analysis of allozyme variation in the northern flicker, in comparison with mitochondrial DNA variation. Condor 94:988-991.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fletcher and Moore","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"A92FLE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:24:45.221498Z"},{"id":138971,"citation":"Goggans, R., R. D. Dixon and L. C. Seminara. 1988. Habitat use by Three-toed and Black-backed woodpeckers, Deschutes National Forest, Oregon. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife - Nongame Wildlife Program Report 87-3-02. 43pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Goggans et al.","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"N88GOG01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.017268Z"},{"id":100210,"citation":"Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs and Nestlings of North American Birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio.","shortCitationAuthor":"Harrison","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"B78HAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.657866Z"},{"id":155592,"citation":"Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb. 1995.  A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.","shortCitationAuthor":"Howell and Webb","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"B95HOW01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:14.376662Z"},{"id":114491,"citation":"Husak, M. S. 1997. Seasonal variation in territorial behavior of the Golden-fronted Woodpecker. M.Sc. thesis, Angelo State University, San Angelo, Texas.","shortCitationAuthor":"Husak","shortCitationYear":1997,"referenceCode":"N97HUS01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":145346,"citation":"Ingold, D.J. 1991. Nest-site fidelity in Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers. Wilson Bulletin 103(1):118.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ingold","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91ING01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.064156Z"},{"id":117359,"citation":"Ingold, D. J. 1994. Influence of nest-site competition between European starlings and woodpeckers. Wilson Bull. 106:227-241.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ingold","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"A94ING01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:20.542069Z"},{"id":110158,"citation":"Kerpez, T. A., and N. S. Smith. 1990a. Competition between European starlings and native woodpeckers for nest cavities in saguaros. Auk 107:367-375.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kerpez and Smith","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"A90KER01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:21:14.187108Z"},{"id":127070,"citation":"Kerpez, T. A., and N. S. Smith. 1990b. Nest-site selection and nest-cavity characteristics of Gila woodpeckers and northern flickers. Condor 92:193-198.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kerpez and Smith","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"A90KER02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:24:45.205893Z"},{"id":135731,"citation":"Kilham, L. 1983. Life history studies of woodpeckers of eastern North America. Nuttall Ornithol. Club Pub. No. 20. vii + 240 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Kilham","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83KIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:20.526384Z"},{"id":152617,"citation":"Lawrence, L. deK. 1967. A comparative life-history study of four species of woodpeckers. Ornithological Monographs No. 5. 156 pages.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lawrence","shortCitationYear":1967,"referenceCode":"B67LAW01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":112608,"citation":"Lisi, G. 1988. A field study of Black-backed Woodpeckers in Vermont. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Nongame and Endangered Species Program, Technical Report 3.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lisi","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"N88LIS01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.064156Z"},{"id":102507,"citation":"Miller, A. H., and C. E. Bock. 1972. Natural history of the Nuttall Woodpecker at the Hastings Reservation. Condor 74:284-294.","shortCitationAuthor":"Miller and Bock","shortCitationYear":1972,"referenceCode":"A72MIL01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.017268Z"},{"id":104282,"citation":"Mitchell, W. A. 1988. Songbird nest boxes. Section 5.1.8, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. Tech. Rep. EL-88-19. Waterways Expt. Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 48 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mitchell","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"B88MIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.881754Z"},{"id":113141,"citation":"Moskovits, D. 1978. Winter territorial and foraging behavior of Red-headed Woodpecker in Florida. Wilson Bulletin 90:521-535.","shortCitationAuthor":"Moskovits","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"A78MOS01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.017268Z"},{"id":762496,"citation":"National Audubon Society. 2010. The Christmas Bird Count Historical Results [Online]. Available at: http://birds.audubon.org/christmas-bird-count","shortCitationAuthor":"National Audubon Society","shortCitationYear":2010,"referenceCode":"W10NAS01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:35.991755Z"},{"id":106631,"citation":"Oberholser, H.C. 1974. The bird life of Texas. 2 vols. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin.","shortCitationAuthor":"Oberholser","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"B74OBE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.673494Z"},{"id":158423,"citation":"Parker III, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 1996.  Ecological and distributional databases for neotropical birds. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.","shortCitationAuthor":"Parker et al.","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"B96PAR0100LA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.689104Z"},{"id":762520,"citation":"Partners in Flight Science Committee. 2013. Population Estimates Database, version 2013. Available at http://rmbo.org/pifpopestimates. Accessed in 2014 and 2018.","shortCitationAuthor":"Partners in Flight","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"W13PIF01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:54.413045Z"},{"id":158711,"citation":"Poole, A. F. and F. B. Gill. 1992. The birds of North America. The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Poole and Gill","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92POO0100LA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.673494Z"},{"id":110533,"citation":"Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 511 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Raffaele et al.","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98RAF01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:14.376662Z"},{"id":112383,"citation":"Short, L. L. 1982. Woodpeckers of the World. Museum of Natural History [Greenville, Delaware], Monograph Series xviii + 676 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Short","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82SHO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":142674,"citation":"Sibley, C.G., and B.L. Monroe, Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. xxiv + 1111 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Sibley and Monroe","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90SIB02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:32.679469Z"},{"id":148565,"citation":"Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.","shortCitationAuthor":"Terres","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"B80TER01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.657866Z"},{"id":143010,"citation":"Thomas, J. W., R. G. Anderson, C. Maser, and E. L. Bull. 1979. Snags. Pages 60-77 in J. W. Thomas (editor). Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. U.S.D.A. Handbook 553.","shortCitationAuthor":"Thomas et al.","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"A79THO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":121937,"citation":"Venables, A., and M. W. Collopy. 1989. Seasonal foraging and habitat requirements of Red-headed Woodpeckers in north-central Florida. Florida Game Fresh Water Fish Comm. Nongame Wildlife Program Final Report Project no. GFC-84-006.","shortCitationAuthor":"Venables and Collopy","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"N89VEN01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.064156Z"},{"id":762077,"citation":"Wiebe, Karen L. and William S. Moore. 2008. Northern Flicker (<i>Colaptes auratus</i>). The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca. Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu.bnaproxy.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/166a","shortCitationAuthor":"Wiebe and Moore","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"N08WIE01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:26:41.348272Z"},{"id":127485,"citation":"Williams, J. B., and G. O. Batzli. 1979. Competition among bark-foraging birds in central Illinois: experimental evidence. Condor 81:122-132.","shortCitationAuthor":"Williams and Batzli","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"A79WIL01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.032881Z"},{"id":158710,"citation":"Zook, J. L. 2002. Distribution maps of the birds of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Unpublished.","shortCitationAuthor":"Zook","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"M02ZOO0100LA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:14.361032Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":104725,"name":"Carpintero de Pechera","language":"ES"},{"id":144432,"name":"northern flicker","language":"EN"},{"id":113810,"name":"Pic flamboyant","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":106142,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":4,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Birds","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1070},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Aves","taxorder":"Piciformes","family":"Picidae","genus":"Colaptes","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":792019,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.792019","formattedScientificName":"<i>Colaptes auratus auratus</i>","scientificName":"Colaptes auratus auratus","primaryCommonName":"Yellow-shafted Flicker","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.792019/Colaptes_auratus_auratus"},{"infraspeciesId":792022,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.792022","formattedScientificName":"<i>Colaptes auratus cafer</i>","scientificName":"Colaptes auratus cafer","primaryCommonName":"Red-shafted Flicker","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.792022/Colaptes_auratus_cafer"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Birds","caGeneralStatusId":"GS001393"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":106142,"reproductionComments":"Incubation by both sexes, lasts 11-12 days. Nestlings are altricial. Young are tended by both adults; leave nest 25-28 days after hatching.","ecologyComments":"Cavities excavated by flickers are used by many species of secondary cavity users.","habitatComments":"Open forest, both deciduous and coniferous, open woodland, open situations with scattered trees and snags, riparian woodland, pine-oak association, parks (AOU 1983). Nests in dead tree trunk, or stump, or dead top of live tree; sometimes nests in wooden pole, building or earth bank. Digs a nest hole cavity or reuses old one. Holes usually 2.5-7.5 m above ground (Harrison 1978).","generalDescription":"See Kaufman (1991, Am. Birds 45:1171-1175) for detailed information on identification of flickers.","diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-109628,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109629,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109630,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109625,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":8,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Savanna","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Sabana","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Savane","displayOrder":10}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109626,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":10,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Old field","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Terreno baldío","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Friche","displayOrder":12}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109627,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":20,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Suburban/orchard","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Suburbano/ huertos","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Banlieusard/verger","displayOrder":23}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102716,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":134424,"citation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.","shortCitationAuthor":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU)","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98AOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.673494Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}