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Howell, 1920)","primaryCommonName":"Red-tailed Chipmunk","relatedItisNames":"<i>Tamias ruficaudus</i> (A. H. Howell, 1920) (TSN 180202)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105876","elcode":"AMAFB02130","conceptRefFullCitation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","conceptName":"<i>Tamias ruficaudus</i>","taxonomicComments":"See Patterson and Norris (2016) for a revised classification of Marmotini (Sciuridae: Xerinae), based on Thorington et al. (2012), Ge et al. (2014), and Patterson and Norris (2016); the three chipmunk lineages should be recognized as three distinct genera, namely, <i>Tamias </i>Illiger, 1811, <i>Eutamias </i>Trouessart, 1880, and <i>Neotamias </i>A. H. Howell, 1929. Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) noted that chipmunks could be legitimately allocated to one (<i>Tamias</i>), two (<i>Neotamias</i>, <i>Tamias</i>), or three (<i>Tamias</i>, <i>Neotamias</i>, <i>Eutamias</i>) genera; they chose to adopt the single-genus (<i>Tamias</i>) arrangement.","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":167181,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":292802,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2?","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":292802,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":357033,"subnation":{"id":33,"nameEn":"Montana","nameEs":"Montana","nameFr":"Montana","subnationCode":"MT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":357033,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":375520,"subnation":{"id":18,"nameEn":"Idaho","nameEs":"Idaho","nameFr":"Idaho","subnationCode":"ID","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":375520,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrank":"N4N5","nrankReviewYear":2016,"speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":167181,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":165572,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N3","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":288467,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":288467,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":361301,"subnation":{"id":60,"nameEn":"Alberta","nameEs":"Alberta","nameFr":"Alberta","subnationCode":"AB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Proprietary Data","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":361301,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrank":"N3N4","nrankReviewYear":2024,"speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":165572,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:46:49.46707Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105876/Neotamias_ruficaudus","grankChangeDate":"2016-04-04","grankReasons":null,"grankReviewDate":"2016-04-04","grank":"G4G5","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":105876,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":null,"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Northeastern Washington eastward through northern Idaho to western Montana, and adjacent southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta; elevations of 720-2400 m (Hoffmann et al., in Wilson and Reeder 1993; Best 1993).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105876,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Feeds on seeds and fruit of various trees and shrubs, also leaves and flowers of various forbs; probably also fungi.","animalPhenologyComments":"Active mainly April-October; wakes periodically in winter to feed from food cache.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":25,"width":null,"weight":60,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102298,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":102299,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104302,"foodHabits":{"id":5,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Granivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Granívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Granivore","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104303,"foodHabits":{"id":6,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Frugivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Frugívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Frugivore","displayOrder":6},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1035,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Chipmunks","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.1,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on a home range of about 1 hectare (see Separation Justification).","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals in appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":"If parts of the occurrence are separated (by less than 1 kilometer), these should be mapped as separate polygons.","separationBarriers":"Major water barriers of greater than 30 meters width; major roads of more than 30 meters of bare clearance.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Home ranges generally small,  0.2-4.0 hectares (Broadbooks 1970, Sheppard 1972, Gashwiler 1965, Storer et al. 1944, Roberts 1962, Brown 1971, Eliot 1968, Wadsworth 1972). However, dispersal movements may extend to at least 0.86 km (Roberts 1976). Given that recorded dispersal can be a conservative indicator of actual dispersal characteristics, especially when methods other than radio-telemetry are used to monitor movements, the separation distance used here for suitable habitat assumes that chipmunk dispersal is more extensive than currently documented. Certainly these mammals are capable of making extensive movements. The separation distance for suitable habitat is a compromise between the documented sedentary habits and the likely low probability that two locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent different populations.<br><br>Barriers: In a study of small mammals and road-crossing, no TAMIAS STRIATUS (n=179) crossed highways with more than 30 meters of clearance (Oxley et al. 1974).","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G., and S. G. Cannings","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:06:39.146385Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":105876,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":107290,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:30:03.763264Z"}],"references":[{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. 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University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 438 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Banfield","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"B74BAN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.631914Z"},{"id":119903,"citation":"Best, T. L. 1993. Tamias ruficaudus. Am. Soc. Mamm., Mammalian Species No. 452:1-7.","shortCitationAuthor":"Best","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93BES04NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:58.958276Z"},{"id":157384,"citation":"Broadbooks, H. E. 1970a. Home ranges and territorial behavior of the yellow-pine chipmunk, <i>Eutamius amoenus.</i> Journal of Mammalogy 51:310-26.","shortCitationAuthor":"Broadbooks","shortCitationYear":1970,"referenceCode":"A70BRO02NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:12.711083Z"},{"id":146446,"citation":"Broadbooks, H. E. 1970b. Populations of the yellow pine chipmunk, <i>Eutamias amoenus</i>. 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K., Jr., R. S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, R. J. Baker, and M. D. Engstrom. 1992a. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 146:1-23.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jones et al.","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92JON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":150600,"citation":"Larrison, E.J. and D.R. Johnson. 1981. Mammals of Idaho. The University of Idaho Press, Moscow.","shortCitationAuthor":"Larrison and Johnson","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"B81LAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:14:00.196166Z"},{"id":136493,"citation":"Levenson, H., et al. 1985. Systematics of the Holarctic chipmunks (<i>Tamias</i>). J. Mammalogy 66:219-242.","shortCitationAuthor":"Levenson et al.","shortCitationYear":1985,"referenceCode":"A85LEV01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-01-31T22:50:15.918875Z"},{"id":152917,"citation":"Oxley, D. J., M. B. Fenton and G. R. Carmody. 1974. 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Two volumes. 2,142 pp. [As modified by ASM the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) at https://www.mammaldiversity.org/index.html]","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:59.638537Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":145026,"name":"red-tailed chipmunk","language":"EN"},{"id":136333,"name":"Tamia à queue rousse","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":105876,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":6,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Mammals","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1090},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Mammalia","taxorder":"Rodentia","family":"Sciuridae","genus":"Neotamias","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":101566,"synonym":"Eutamias ruficaudus","synonymAuthor":null,"formattedSynonym":"<i>Eutamias ruficaudus</i>"},{"id":110325,"synonym":"Tamias ruficaudus","synonymAuthor":"(A.H. 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Most adult females become pregnant each year. Gestation lasts about 1 month. In Montana, births occur from late May to mid-June at lower elevations, early to late June at higher elevations. Litter size usually 4-6. Young appear above ground at about 39-45 days (in July). Some live as long as 6-8 years in the wild. See Best (1993).","ecologyComments":"Home range evidently is not more than a few hundred meters across (see Best 1993).","habitatComments":"Various types of coniferous forest and woodland such as spruce-fir, cedar-hemlock, ponderosa pine, riparian communities, and pine/spruce/rhododendron/blueberry at margins of timberline meadows. Most abundant in forest openings or edges, where shrubby undergrowth is abundant. Where range overlaps with T. AMOENUS, seems to prefer dense cover (Larrison and Johnson 1981). Primarily terrestrial, also climbs trees. Often around logs, brush piles, or boulders in Idaho. See Best (1993) for further details for different locations. Nests are made in shrubs or trees (e.g., on limbs 6-18 m above ground, or in cavities), in crevices among boulders, under old log piles, or underground.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-109090,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":2,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Résineux","displayOrder":3}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109091,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. 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