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Eastern and midwestern populations winter in northern South America, Caribbean, Central America, U.S.; western populations winter in Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America (Ewins and Houston 1992).","foodHabitsComments":"Ospreys eat almost exclusively fishes (see Palmer 1988 for detailed account of food). Species composition of diet may vary greatly from one area to another. Sometimes ospreys eat rodents, birds, other small vertebrates, or crustaceans.<br><br>Ospreys capture prey with a feet-first plunge into shallow water, usually by flight hunting, sometimes from perch. Rarely they have been photographed capturing two fishes at once, one in each foot. 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Occurrence separation is based on nest sites; nest sites separated by a gap greater than the separation distance represent different occurrences, regardless of foraging areas, which may overlap (individuals may forage up to 8-10 km from the nest) (Garber 1972, French and Koplin 1977).","versionDate":"2004-09-09","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S., and G. Hammerson","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:47.753894Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":105808,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"Management mainly involves erection of nesting platforms, creation of osprey management areas, and/or reintroduction via hacking (reviewed in Henny 1986); also protection of nesting sites in areas subject to logging (see Palmer 1988). See Vahle et al. 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