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E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","conceptName":"<i>Phocoenoides dalli</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":168118,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NU","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":363179,"subnation":{"id":1,"nameEn":"Alaska","nameEs":"Alaska","nameFr":"Alaska","subnationCode":"AK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":363179,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":368159,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":368159,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":304373,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":304373,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrank":"NU","nrankReviewYear":1997,"speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":168118,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":163754,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":325888,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":325888,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrank":"N5","nrankReviewYear":2024,"speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":163754,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-03T03:02:24.97119Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105734/Phocoenoides_dalli","grankChangeDate":"2017-02-09","grankReasons":null,"grankReviewDate":"2017-02-09","grank":"G5","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":105734,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":33,"popSizeDescEn":"10,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 10.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 10 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":null,"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"North Pacific: infrequent north of 62 degrees North in Bering Sea; in west, north of Choshi and east-central Honshu, Japan, and in the Sea of Japan and southern Okhotsk Sea; in east, north from about 28 degrees north (usually north of 32 degrees North). TRUEI morph is most abundant off the Pacific coast of northern Japan and off the Kuril Islands.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"Total population estimates range from several hundred thousand to over 2 million, but these figures indicate only the general order of magnitude of the population (IUCN 1991).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Thousands were killed annually in the 1970s and 1980s in the Japanese salmon fishery. Unknown number are taken incidently in squid gillnet fisheries in the western North Pacific. During 1986-1989, in excess of 110,000 were taken directly in Japanese harpoon fishery (IUCN 1991).","shortTermTrendComments":"See Jefferson (1990) for information on status in Canada.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"See IUCN (1991) for a discussion of international and national protection regualtions.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105734,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Details of migrations are poorly known. Year-round resident thoughout much of range, but generally moves north for summer, south for winter. Migrations into Bering Sea may occur spring though fall. Inshore movements may augment populations off California in winter and spring (Leatherwood and Reeves 1983).","foodHabitsComments":"Eats squid, crustaceans, and various fishes (saury, hake, herring, jack mackeral, and mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and deep-water benthic species) (Leatherwood and Reeves 1983). Feeds mainly on epi- and meso-pelagic squids and small schooling fishes (Jefferson 1988).","animalPhenologyComments":"Feeding apparently mainly nocturnal (Jefferson 1988).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":2200,"width":null,"weight":220000,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104147,"foodHabits":{"id":2,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescFr":"Piscivore","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104148,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1070,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Dolphins and Porpoises","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"A marine area that  is or has been occupied consistently or recurrently. Occurrences not based on the entire range of particular populations or subpopulations, but rather on distinct areas that are important to the survival of these populations.   Minimally, at least two and preferably several years of observation should be used to reliably identify significant, recurrent occurrences.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Upland areas.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":20.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":20.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Separation Distance arbitrary.  In most cases, occurrences should not be extensive areas but rather portions of such areas that stand out as strongly meeting the occurrence criteria. <br> Available information on genetics, dispersion, and movement patterns of most populations generally is insufficient to determine biologically meaningful separation distances for occurrences. The separation distance used here does not attempt to identify biologically distinct populations but rather is an arbitrary value that attempts to identify relatively distinct geographic areas that have frequent or concentrated activity and that are of practical size. <br> Bottlenose Dolphins (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) that were resident in a South Carolina estuary had relatively small home ranges (mean  51.3 square kilometers, 95% adaptive kernel method; Gubbins 2002).","versionDate":"2002-03-06","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S.","versionNotes":"Contains all members of the families Delphinidae and Phocoenidae, except ORCINUS ORCA.","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:20.034948Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":105734,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":107153,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:29:44.372128Z"}],"references":[{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10595931. Online. Available: https://www.mammaldiversity.org/","shortCitationAuthor":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM)","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"W25ASM01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-04-04T21:45:15.526109Z"},{"id":386980,"citation":"Escorza-Treviño, S., L. A. Pastene, and A. E. Dizon. 2004. Molecular analyses of the <i>truei</i> and <i>dalli</i> morphotypes of Dall's porpoise (<i>Phocoenoides dalli</i>). Journal of Mammalogy 85:347-355.","shortCitationAuthor":"Escorza-Trevino et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"A04ESC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:42.144282Z"},{"id":139149,"citation":"Gubbins, C. 2002. Use of home ranges by resident bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) in a South Carolina estuary. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 178-187.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gubbins","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02GUB01NACA","lastModified":"2024-11-02T00:42:23.119711Z"},{"id":106833,"citation":"IUCN (World Conservation Union). 1991. Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book. M. Klinowska (compiler). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, United Kingdom. viii + 429 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"IUCN (World Conservation Union)","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91IUC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":123247,"citation":"Jefferson, T. A. 1988. <i>Phocoenoides dalli</i>. Am. Soc. Mamm., Mammalian Species 319:1-7.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jefferson","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88JEF01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-10-04T02:19:45.225407Z"},{"id":113136,"citation":"Jefferson, T. A. 1990. Status of Dall's porpoise, <i>Phocoenoides dalli</i>, in Canada. Can. 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Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":477777,"citation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Third edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Two volumes. 2,142 pp. [As modified by ASM the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) at https://www.mammaldiversity.org/index.html]","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"B05WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:59.638537Z"},{"id":152438,"citation":"Winans, G. A., and L. L. Jones. 1988. Electrophoretic variability in Dall's porpoise in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. J. Mamm. 69:14-21.","shortCitationAuthor":"Winans and Jones","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88WIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:42.144282Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":136389,"name":"Marsouin de Dall","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":105734,"cites":{"id":2,"citesDescEn":"Appendix II","citesDescEs":"Apéndice II","citesDescFr":"Annexe II"},"cosewic":{"id":6,"cosewicDescEn":"Not at Risk","cosewicDescEs":"No está en riesgo","cosewicDescFr":"Non en péril","cosewicCode":"NAR"},"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":1,"genusSizeDescEn":"Monotypic genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género monotípico","genusSizeDescFr":"Genre monotypique"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":6,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Mammals","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1090},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Mammalia","taxorder":"Cetacea","family":"Phocoenidae","genus":"Phocoenoides","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":"1989-04-01","interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":"Reason for designation: Common both offshore and in deep inshore waters of British Columbia.<br/><br/>Status history: Designated Not at Risk in April 1989.","usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":1384905,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1384905","formattedScientificName":"<i>Phocoenoides dalli</i> pop. 1","scientificName":"Phocoenoides dalli pop. 1","primaryCommonName":"Dall's Porpoise, Alaska Stock","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1384905/Phocoenoides_dalli_pop_1"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Mammals","caGeneralStatusId":"GS001534"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105734,"reproductionComments":"Single calf is born mainly late June-September, though births may occur year-round in the eastern North Pacific. 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