{"elementGlobalId":105653,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Crotaphytus collaris</i>","scientificName":"Crotaphytus collaris","scientificNameAuthor":"(Say, 1823)","primaryCommonName":"Eastern Collared Lizard","relatedItisNames":"<i>Crotaphytus collaris</i> (Say in James, 1823) (TSN 173912)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105653","elcode":"ARACF04020","conceptRefFullCitation":"McGuire, J. A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae). Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History (32):1-143.","conceptName":"<i>Crotaphytus collaris</i>","taxonomicComments":"This species formerly included several closely related <i>Crotaphytus </i>species that are now recognized as distinct species. A phylogenetic analysis by McGuire (1996) concluded that <i>C. collaris</i> is monotypic; none of the nominal subspecies represent independent lineages, with the exception of <i>nebrius</i>, which McGuire recognized as a distinct species (<i>C. nebrius</i>).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2005-05-13","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":162413,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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Records for Louisiana may not represent natural occurrences (Dundee and Rossman 1989, McGuire 1996).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"McGuire (1996) mapped hundreds of collection sites across the broad range in the United States and Mexico.","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is uncertain but clearly exceeds 100,000.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No major threats have been identified.","shortTermTrendComments":"Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and abundance all appear to be relatively stable.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"Many populations exist in protected areas.","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105653,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"In Kansas, males maintained home ranges averaging about 0.4 ha and spent most of their time in just a small portion of this area (Yedlin and Ferguson 1973). In Oklahoma, 14 adult males had home range areas averaging 1,865 sq m (core = 441 sq m) (Stone and Baird 2002).","foodHabitsComments":"Eats insects, lizards, and occasionally plant material (Stebbins 1985).","animalPhenologyComments":"Active March or April to October in north; lizards active in fall are mostly hatchlings (Hammerson 1999). The active season lasts several weeks longer in south than it does in the north.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":36,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102174,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":102175,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104063,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104064,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1057,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Crotaphytid Lizards","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that lizards rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Crotaphytids tend to have small home ranges. Dispersal characteristics are unknown, but these lizards appear to be capable of making extensive movements. The separation distance for suitable habitat is a compromise between the documented sedentary habits and the likely low probability that two locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent different populations.<br><br>Home range size of Gambelia sila is usually less than 9 ha (average 2 ha in females and 4.2 ha in males) (Warrick et al. 1998). For Gambelia wislizenii, Tanner and Krogh (1974) recorded home range sizes of 0.67, 1.54, and 2.35 ha over periods of 2-3 years for three individuals in Nevada. Some individuals appear to be somewhat nomadic. In northern Utah, Parker and Pianka (1976) recorded long distance movements by juvenile males (up to 806 m over two weeks and 1,186 m over 20 months) whereas adult males moved 0-450 m (average 125 m) over periods of about 2-4 weeks. In Kansas, male Crotaphytus collaris maintained home ranges averaging about 0.4 ha and spent most of their time in just a small portion of this. In Oklahoma, average home range size of adult male C. collaris was 1,865 sq m (Stone and Baird 2002).","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:06:17.146034Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":105653,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":"Relocations have been carried out in Missouri (Figg 1993).","monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":107074,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:29:33.153371Z"}],"references":[{"id":121383,"citation":"Bartlett, R. 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Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":140525,"citation":"Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98CON01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":103692,"citation":"Degenhardt, W. G., C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. xix + 431 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Degenhardt et al.","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"B96DEG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":132381,"citation":"Dundee, H. A., and D. A. Rossman. 1989. The amphibians and reptiles of Louisiana. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dundee and Rossman","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"B89DUN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:01.663271Z"},{"id":118773,"citation":"Figg, D. E. 1993. 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Herpetologica 29: 268-275.","shortCitationAuthor":"Yedlin and Ferguson","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"A73YED01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:35.082291Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144470,"name":"eastern collared lizard","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":105653,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Crotaphytidae","genus":"Crotaphytus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":102000,"synonym":"Crotaphytus collaris collaris","synonymAuthor":null,"formattedSynonym":"<i>Crotaphytus collaris collaris</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105653,"reproductionComments":"Eggs laying occurs in June-July in Kansas, mainly May-June in west-central Texas. Clutch size usually is 4-11. IReproductive females produce a single clutch annually in the northern part of the range, often 2 clutches in the south. Young-of-year first appear in early August in Missouri (Copeia 1992:968-990) and Colorado (Hammerson 1999). Individuals become sexually mature in their 1st or 2nd year (1st year in areas with long growing season). In Oklahoma, males established all-purpose territories (and presumably became reproductively active) when they were two years old (Stome and Baird 2002).","ecologyComments":"In Oklahoma, density was 6.4 dominant males per ha; including subordinate males, density was 17.2 males per ha (Stone and Baird 2002).","habitatComments":"The habitat consists of rocky areas with sparse vegetation and encompasses open woodlands, bunchgrass areas, canyons, gullies, slopes, and mesa tops (Degenhardt et al. 1996, McGuire 1996, Bartlett and Bartlett 1999, Hammerson 1999, Johnson 2000, Stebbins 2003, Trauth et al. 2004). When inactive, these lizards hide under rocks or in crevices. Eggs are laid under large rocks or in burrows (Collins 1982).","generalDescription":"Head large, sometimes bright yellow; tail long; two incomplete black collars around narrow neck; upper side with smooth granular scales, turquoise to greenish to brown with numerous small light spots in adult; toes of adults yellow in western Colorado; lining of pharynx usually black; maximum total length about 36 cm. Mature male: bulge of hemipenes evident at base of tail; throat with dark spots or circles (pale reticulation), most evident in western Colorado, or throat yellow to orange (southeastern Colorado); head especially large; enlarged postanal scales and femoral pores. Mature female: orange-red bars or spots on sides of body and neck during breeding season; orange spots on the sides of reproductive females attain maximum brightness prior to ovulation and 10-13 days before egg laying; throat unmarked or faintly spotted. Juvenile: dorsum with wide dark bands or rows of large dark spots separated by narrow light lines, sometimes with red/orange spots on neck and sides of chest. Hatchling: 31-42 mm snout-vent length, often about 40 mm. Source: Hammerson (1999).","diagnosticCharacteristics":"Differs from all other species of CROTAPHYTUS by the absence of dark brown or black pigmentation in the gular fold of adult males (McGuire 1996, which see for further information).","speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-108771,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108772,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108773,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108766,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108767,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":9,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Grassland/herbaceous","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Pastizales/cobertura herbácea","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Prairie/couverture herbacée","displayOrder":11}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108768,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":11,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Desert","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Desierto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Désert","displayOrder":13}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108769,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":17,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Bare rock/talus/scree","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Roca viva/pendiente de roca/piedras sueltas","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Éboulis","displayOrder":20}},{"cagTerrHabId":-108770,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":18,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Cliff","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Acantilado","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Falaise","displayOrder":21}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102425,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}