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Salamanders in this Specs Group, except strictly subterranean species, tend to be able to traverse upland habitat when conditions are wet, and generally they can pass through atypical wetland and aquatic habitats to reach another patch of suitable habitat. However, Grover and Wilbur (2002) created replicated seeps at distances of 3, 15, and more than 30 m from streams or natural seeps and found that Desmognathus fuscus and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus colonized the new seeps at 3 m and 15 m but were rare or absent at new seeps more than 30 m from the nearest stream or natural seep.<br><br>Although these specifications do not include rivers as barriers, Adams and Beachy (2001) documented morphological variation among populations of Gyrinophilus porphyriticus in the southern Appalachian Mountains and found patterns \"consistent with the hypothesis that large rivers restrict sizable gene flow.\" Large rivers probably function at least as unsuitable habitat for many species in this Specs Group.  <br><br>Compared to larger ambystomatid salamanders, the movements of plethodontids are poorly documented, but home ranges likely tend to be very small, on the order of a few meters to a few dozen meters in length or diameter. 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Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},{"id":113869,"citation":"Petranka, J. W. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.","shortCitationAuthor":"Petranka","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98PET01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.397371Z"},{"id":107834,"citation":"Resetarits, W. J., Jr. 1991. Ecological interactions among predators in experimental stream communities. Ecology 72:1782-1793.","shortCitationAuthor":"Resetarits","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91RES01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:14:15.383927Z"},{"id":112169,"citation":"Sever, D.M. 1999a. <i>Eurycea bislineata</i>. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 683:1-5.","shortCitationAuthor":"Sever","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"A99SEV01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:00.03445Z"},{"id":133152,"citation":"Stewart, M. M. 1956. Certain aspects of the natural history and development of the northern two-lined salamander, EURYCEA B. BISLINEATA (Green), in the Ithaca, New York region. Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stewart","shortCitationYear":1956,"referenceCode":"U56STE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:00.03445Z"},{"id":1101149,"citation":"Stuart, B. L., D. A. Beamer, D. A. Farrington, J. C. Beane, A. A. Chek, L. T. Pusser, H. E. Som, D. Stephan, D. M. Sever, and A. L. Braswell. 2020. A new Two-lined Salamander (<i>Eurycea bislineata</i> Complex) from the Sandhills of North Carolina. Herpetologica 76:423-444.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stuart et al.","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"A20STU01NAUS","lastModified":"2021-06-05T03:11:03.447022Z"},{"id":118771,"citation":"Wilder, I. W. 1924. The relation of growth to metamorphosis in EURYCEA BISLINEATA. J. Exp. Zool. 40:1-112.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilder","shortCitationYear":1924,"referenceCode":"A24WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:25:00.03445Z"},{"id":145748,"citation":"Wyman, R. L. 1988. Soil acidity and moisture and the distribution of amphibians in five forests of southcentral New York. Copeia 1988:394-399.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wyman","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88WYM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:21.398711Z"},{"id":120317,"citation":"Wyman, R. L., and J. Jancola. 1992. Degree and scale of terrestrial acidification and amphibian community structure. J. Herpetol. 26:392-401.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wyman and Jancola","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"A92WYM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:21.398711Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144637,"name":"northern two-lined salamander","language":"EN"},{"id":134838,"name":"Salamandre à deux lignes","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":105466,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":3,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Amphibians","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1060},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Amphibia","taxorder":"Caudata","family":"Plethodontidae","genus":"Eurycea","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":101792,"synonym":"Eurycea bislineata bislineata","synonymAuthor":"Green","formattedSynonym":"<i>Eurycea bislineata bislineata</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":"GS000762"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105466,"reproductionComments":"Eggs are laid April-June; May-June in Massachusetts (Johnson and Goldberg 1975). Female typically remains with eggs until hatching in summer after an incubation period of about 30 days. Larvae metamorphose in 2-3 years in Massachusetts (Wilder 1924). Most sexually mature during second fall after metamorphosis in New York (Stewart 1956).","ecologyComments":"Ohio individuals moved over an area of less than 14 square meters (Ashton and Ashton 1978). Aggregates in winter. In experimental stream communities, Resetarits (1991) found that the brook trout SALVELINUS FONTINALIS and the spring salamander GYRINOPHILUS PORPHYRITICUS affected the growth of the two-lined salamander EURYCEA and the crayfish CAMBARUS BARTONII. SALVELINUS caused CAMBARUS and EURYCEA to alter their activity levels and habitat; EURYCEA and CAMBARUS were able to avoid predation by SALVELINUS and GYRINOPHILUS but at a significant cost to growth.","habitatComments":"Rocky brooks, springs, seepages; may disperse into wooded terrestrial habitats in wet warm weather. Bahret (1996) documented a breeding population in an acidic, fish-free lake in New York; occurred to depths of 19.5 m. Adults hide under objects in or near water. In New York, rarely found on soils of low pH (Wyman 1988, Wyman and Jancola 1992). Eggs typically are laid on underside of submerged rocks, logs, or aquatic plants. Bahret (1996) found eggs in a lake at depths of 9.0-13.5 m, on the topmost leaves of water moss, far from shore and from surface drainage inlets.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[{"cagRiverineHabId":-104430,"riverineHabitat":{"id":3,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"CREEK","riverineHabitatDescEs":"ARROYO","riverineHabitatDescFr":"RUISSEAU","displayOrder":3}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104431,"riverineHabitat":{"id":4,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"SPRING/SPRING BROOK","riverineHabitatDescEs":"MANANTIAL/VERTIENTE","riverineHabitatDescFr":"PRINTEMPS/RUISSEAUX PRINTANIERS","displayOrder":4}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104434,"riverineHabitat":{"id":5,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"High gradient","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Pendiente de alto flujo","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Pente d’écoulement élevée","displayOrder":5}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104435,"riverineHabitat":{"id":6,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Moderate gradient","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Pendiente de flujo medio","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Pente d’écoulement moyenne","displayOrder":6}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104436,"riverineHabitat":{"id":7,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Low gradient","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Pendiente de bajo flujo","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Pente d’écoulement faible","displayOrder":7}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104432,"riverineHabitat":{"id":8,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Riffle","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Rápido","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Seuil","displayOrder":8}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-104433,"riverineHabitat":{"id":9,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Pool","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Piscina","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Fosse","displayOrder":9}}],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102320,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[{"cagLacusHabId":-100677,"lacustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"lacustrineHabitatDescEn":"Shallow water","lacustrineHabitatDescEs":"Aguas poco profundas","lacustrineHabitatDescFr":"Eau peu profonde","displayOrder":2}}],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}