{"elementGlobalId":105336,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Ophisaurus mimicus</i>","scientificName":"Ophisaurus mimicus","scientificNameAuthor":"Palmer, 1987","primaryCommonName":"Mimic Glass Lizard","relatedItisNames":"<i>Ophisaurus mimicus</i> Palmer, 1987 (TSN 209006)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105336","elcode":"ARACB02040","conceptRefFullCitation":"Palmer, W. M. 1987. A new species of glass lizard (Anguidae: <i>Ophisaurus</i>) from the southeastern United States. Herpetologica 43:415-423.","conceptName":"<i>Ophisaurus mimicus</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G2","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2023-08-24","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jackson, D. R.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":165375,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N2","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":339348,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":339348,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":308733,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":308733,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":275464,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":275464,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":388495,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":388495,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":267776,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SH","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SH","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":267776,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":315913,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":315913,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2023,"nrank":"N2","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":165375,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:46:03.478069Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105336/Ophisaurus_mimicus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2023-08-24","grankReviewDate":"2023-08-24","grankReasons":"A comparison of historic records with those since 2000 indicate a substantial decline in occupied portions of the range. The major threat appears to be loss and degradation of open pineland habitats with grassy groundcover, a result of conversion to agriculture, silviculture, and residential and industrial development, as well as hardwood and shrub encroachment from fire exclusion. Additional threats include mortality on roads and likely from invasive species such as fire ants and feral pigs. As of 2022, populations are confirmed to exist on only six public land units in three states.","grank":"G2","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":105336,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":1,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Very narrow.  Specialist or community with key requirements scarce.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Muy estrecho.  Especialista o comunidad con requisitos claves escasos.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Très étroit. Spécialistes ou communautés répondant aux critères clés sont rares."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":4,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":26,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 30-70%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 30 al 70%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 30 à 70 %"},"numberEos":{"id":6,"numberEosDescEn":"6 - 20","numberEosDescEs":"De 6 a 20","numberEosDescFr":"De 6 à 20"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":9,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very few to some (1-40)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muy pocos a algunos (1-40)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De très peu à quelques-uns (de 1 à 40)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":10,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Several (4-12) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Unos pocos casos (4 a 12) protegidos y debidamente controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"Quelques occurrences (de 4 à 12) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":30,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"De 20.000 a 200.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a 80.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à 200 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à 80 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":1,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Very high","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Muy alto","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Très élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"<span><span>This is a species of the lower southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain (both Gulf and Atlantic), with historic records extending from southern Mississippi to the Florida Panhandle and northward from southern Georgia to southeastern North Carolina (Powell et al. 2016, Krysko et al. 2019). Extensive habitat loss and alteration have led to recent records being confined to the Florida Panhandle, adjacent southern Alabama, and coastal southeastern North Carolina (Stevenson et al. 2023).</span></span>","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":94,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"501-2,500","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 501 a 2.500","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 501 à 2 500","bioticsKey":41},"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Recent records (2000–2022; Stevenson et al. 2023) seem to be limited to Conecuh National Forest in Alabama (ca. 750 km²); Apalachicola National Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, and Blackwater River State Forest in Florida (ca. 6,000 km²); and Croatan National Forest and Holly Shelter Game Lands in North Carolina (ca. 900 km²); combined, these total ca. 7,650 km². However, <i>O. mimicus</i> lives only in a portion of these units, so area of occupancy is less.","numberEosComments":"Records (not all representing extant populations) are known from six sites in four counties in Alabama, but only one public land unit (Conecuh National Forest); 63 sites in nine counties in Florida, including Apalachicola National Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, Holley Naval Outlying Landing Field, Tate's Hell State Forest, Blackwater River State Forest, and St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge; nine sites in seven counties in Georgia, but only one public land unit (Fort Stewart Military Installation; three sites in three counties in Mississippi; 28 sites in eight counties in North Carolina; and two sites in two counties in South Carolina (Stevenson et al. 2023). Recent (2000–2022) records, however, are far fewer: one in Alabama (Conecuh National Forest), three in Florida (Apalachicola National Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, and Blackwater River State Forest), and two in North Carolina (Croatan National Forest and Holly Shelter Game Lands) (Stevenson et al. 2023). These six units may represent more than six occurrences, but probably fewer than 20.","popSizeComments":"Although there may be a relatively large number of individuals, there are insufficient data to support a defensible estimate, and the actual number of individuals is of little consequence to conservation ranking relative to range extent, area of occupancy, and number of occurrences. In such cases, Population Size Rating is left blank to avoid indicating a false sense of security.","viabilityComments":"With appropriate habitat management, Conecuh National Forest, Apalachicola National Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, Blackwater River State Forest, Croatan National Forest, and Holly Shelter Game Lands have the potential to support viable populations; these probably represent fewer than 20 occurrences.","threatImpactComments":"<span><span><span><span><span><span>Extensive habitat loss and alteration have led to extirpation of many historic populations, resulting in severe range fragmentation; surviving populations may be restricted to the Florida Panhandle, adjacent southern Alabama, and coastal southeastern North Carolina (Stevenson et al. 2023).</span></span></span></span></span></span>Threats include habitat loss to development, farming, conversion of habitat to pine plantations, and hardwood succession from fire suppression, as well as directly from road mortality. The species is considered extirpated from Mississippi and possibly Georgia and South Carolina, and rare to endangered in other range states.","shortTermTrendComments":"Data are insufficient to determine short-term trend.","longTermTrendComments":"Area of occupancy and abundance have undoubtedly undergone significant long-term declines (Stevenson et al. 2023).","inventoryNeeds":"Continue field surveys such as those conducted by Stevenson et al. (2023) to determine current status of existing populations and to search for evidence at other sites, both on public and private lands. Conservation lands with potential to support populations include St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge,Tate's Hell State Forest, Point Washington State Forest, Escribano Point Wildlife Management Area, Garcon Point Water Management Area, and Tarkiln Bayou Preserve State Park in Florida; Fort Stewart, Doerun Pitcher Plant Bog Wildlife Management Area, and Mayhaw Wildlife Management Area in Georgia; De Soto National Forest, Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge, and White's Pond in Mississippi; Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point and Camp Lejeune in North Carolina; and Francis Marion National Forest, Santee Coastal Reserve, and the James W. Webb Wildlife Center and Wildlife Management Area in South Carolina.","numberProtEosComments":"Public land units with recent records include Conecuh National Forest in Alabama; Apalachicola National Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, and Blackwater River State Forest in Florida, and Croatan National Forest and Holly Shelter Game Lands in North Carolina (Stevenson et al. 2023). These six units may represent more than six occurrences, but possibly fewer than 12.","protectionNeeds":"Within the species' range, remaining privately owned, longleaf pine-dominated upland habitat, especially larger tracts, should be protected as conservation land. Although this species probably can tolerate some disturbance, conversion of natural habitats to high-intensity silviculture, agriculture, and residential and urban uses can lead to extirpation of local populations. Conservation lands should be managed to retain (or restore) longleaf pine and native groundcover, particularly wiregrass; uneven-aged pine stands with < 25% canopy cover and intact soil horizons are preferred. While fire is a natural management tool in such upland communities to prevent succession to hardwood and/or shrub-dominated communities, high-intensity fires may temporarily impact glass lizard populations, so burning in a patchwork manner may be preferable. Efforts to control fire ants, which are known to prey on reptilian eggs and hatchlings, may be beneficial, as would reduction of feral pigs that create extensive soil disturbance in wetter habitats occupied by this lizard. State and federal listing as a threatened species merit consideration.","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"The eggs and hatchlings of oviparous reptiles seem to be vulnerable to fire ants. Poor mobility on road surfaces leaves glass lizards vulnerable to fatal strikes from vehicles.","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"The mimic glass lizard generally occurs in longleaf (occasionally slash) pine-dominated uplands with grassy groundcover, particularly mesic to wet flatwoods, but infrequently in more xeric communities such as sandhill and upland pine; canopy is generally open, and there is little hardwood midstory or shrub layer. Soil disturbance has a negative effect, as do presence of fire ants and feral pigs."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105336,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats crickets, other orthopterans, and other insects (Ashton and Ashton 1991).","animalPhenologyComments":"<span><span>The species is present year-round in appropriate habitats, although it is less active in winter, when it possibly retreats below ground. Known records of surface activity extend from 27 March to 16 November, with a peak from April through June, the likely reproductive season (Stevenson et al. 2023).</span></span>","colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":101264,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1001,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Anguid Lizards","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that lizards rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Information on movements of anguid lizards is scarce. In Kansas, Fitch (1989) found that <i>Ophisaurus attenuatus</i> tends to stay in its familiar area, but home range is not well defined. Adult males range more widely than do females and immatures; average home range is about 0.44 ha in adult males, 0.14 ha in juveniles (Fitch 1989). An elongate home range of 0.44 ha would be about 200 m long. Likely other anguids have similarly restricted movements. However, dispersal characteristics are unknown, and these lizards appear to be capable of making extensive movements. Also, secretive habits of anguid lizards may result in a lack of observations in areas where the lizards do in fact occur. The separation distance for suitable habitat is a compromise between the documented sedentary habits and the likely low probability that two locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent different populations.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2021-11-06T21:36:12.785405Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":105336,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Research needs include ecological studies of reproduction, life history, feeding ecology, microhabitat use, seasonal movements, and overwintering habitat use.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":106762,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:28:46.027524Z"}],"references":[{"id":153750,"citation":"Ashton, R. E., Jr., and P. S. Ashton. 1991. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part two. Lizards, turtles & crocodilians. Revised second edition. Windward Pub., Inc., Miami. 191 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ashton and Ashton","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ASH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:25.069898Z"},{"id":132821,"citation":"Bennett, S. Coordinator, South Carolina Trust, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, South Carolina. Personal communication.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bennett","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDBEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:15.475829Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":626339,"citation":"Jensen, J. B., C. D. Camp, W. Gibbons, and M. J. Elliot, editors. 2008. Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, Athens. xvii + 575 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jensen et al.","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08JEN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:31.710698Z"},{"id":762629,"citation":"Jensen, John. Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources, Nongame Wildlife Program, Forsythe, GA","shortCitationAuthor":"Jensen","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDJEN52HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:07.887419Z"},{"id":1039160,"citation":"Krysko, K. L., K. M. Enge, and P. E. Moler. 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Florida. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 706 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko et al.","shortCitationYear":2019,"referenceCode":"B19KRY01NAUS","lastModified":"2021-11-06T21:46:03.276156Z"},{"id":143491,"citation":"LeGrand, Harry E., Jr. Zoologist. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Division of Parks and Recreation, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina","shortCitationAuthor":"LeGrand","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDLEG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:21.944677Z"},{"id":114157,"citation":"Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte, II, A. Larson, B. S. Tuniyev, N. Orlov, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics, tRNA evolution, and historical biogeography in anguid lizards and related taxonomic families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12:250-272.","shortCitationAuthor":"Macey et al.","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"A99MAC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:24.132184Z"},{"id":129330,"citation":"Mann, T. Mississippi Natural Heritage Program. Museum of Natural Science. Jackson, Mississippi. Personal communication.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mann","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"PNDMAN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:55.358711Z"},{"id":119298,"citation":"McConkey, E. H. 1954. A systematic study of the North American lizards of the genus <i>Ophisaurus. </i>American Midland Naturalist 51:133-169.","shortCitationAuthor":"McConkey","shortCitationYear":1954,"referenceCode":"A54MCC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:03:01.121951Z"},{"id":117258,"citation":"Moler, P. E., editor. 1992. Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume III. Amphibians and reptiles. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. xviii + 291 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Moler","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92MOL01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:37:08.886217Z"},{"id":120174,"citation":"Mount, R. H. 1975. The reptiles and amphibians of Alabama. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. vii + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mount","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"B75MOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.616394Z"},{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},{"id":106673,"citation":"Palmer, W. M. 1987. A new species of glass lizard (Anguidae: <i>Ophisaurus</i>) from the southeastern United States. Herpetologica 43:415-423.","shortCitationAuthor":"Palmer","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"A87PAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:24:40.362162Z"},{"id":153686,"citation":"Palmer, W. M. 1992. <i>Ophisaurus mimicus</i>. Cat. Am. Amph. Rept. 543.1-543.2.","shortCitationAuthor":"Palmer","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"A92PAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:14:55.866545Z"},{"id":762695,"citation":"Powell, R., R. Conant, and J. T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston and New York. 512 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Powell et al.","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"B16POW01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-01-30T22:50:26.353423Z"},{"id":1131833,"citation":"Stevenson, D. J., K. M. Enge, J. C. Beane, E. P. Hill, C. J. Coppola, and J. G. Hall. 2023. Status, distribution, and ecology of the mimic glass lizard (<i>Ophisaurus mimicus</i>). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 18(2):254-266.","shortCitationAuthor":"Stevenson et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"A23STE01NAUS","lastModified":"2023-09-02T01:02:53.059516Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":145366,"name":"mimic glass lizard","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":105336,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Anguidae","genus":"Ophisaurus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":105336,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"<span><span>The mimic glass lizard generally occurs in longleaf (occasionally slash) pine-dominated uplands with grassy groundcover, particularly mesic to wet flatwoods, but infrequently in more xeric communities such as sandhill and upland pine; canopy is generally open, and there is little midstory. The species is sometimes found in hillside seepage bogs, the edges of dome swamps, and wet prairies where these communities are closely associated with pine uplands (Krysko et al. 2019, Stevenson et al. 2023).</span></span>","generalDescription":"<span><span>This is one of four similar species of glass lizards, genus <i>Ophisaurus</i>, that occur in Florida. All are legless, have movable eyelids and external ear openings, a lateral fold on each side that runs from the neck to the vent, small ventral scales, very long tails (which begin at the vent) that comprise up to three quarters of total body length, and relatively hard bodies stiffened by osteoderms within the scales. Adult <i>O. mimicus</i> can be 38-66 cm (15-26 in.) in total length (maximum snout-vent length 181 mm = 7.1 in.). There are 95 or fewer scales along the lateral fold. Typically there is a dark (sometimes faint) middorsal stripe bordered on either side by tan and in turn another dark stripe; below this but still above the lateral fold are 3-4 narrow dark stripes separated by narrow light stripes that continue onto the tail. Marking below the lateral fold generally is reduced to freckling, spots, or dashes. Irregular, often indistinct pale bars may be present on the sides of the head and neck. The lateral striping is poorly developed in juveniles (Palmer 1987, 1992; Ashton and Ashton 1991; Moler 1992; Jensen et al. 2008; Powell et al. 2016; Krysko et al. 2019).</span></span>","diagnosticCharacteristics":"<span><span>Because they lack legs and have elongate, scaly bodies, glass lizards are frequently confused with snakes. However, several features noted above distinguish them from snakes, which have wide belly scales, fixed eye coverings, no ear openings, relatively short tails, and more flexible bodies. The four species of glass lizards in Florida are distinguished by a combination of color pattern and scalation. As adults, <i>O. mimicus</i> is characterized by a low scale count (< 95) along the lateral fold in combination with the presence of multiple stripes on the tail. 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