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Active April-October in north, most of year in south (reduced acitvity in winter)","colonialBreeder":false,"length":14,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103118,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103119,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103120,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103121,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105759,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105760,"foodHabits":{"id":2,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescFr":"Piscivore","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105761,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105762,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1149,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Musk Turtles (Sternotherus)","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrences should include known nesting areas and travel corridors between the wetlands and nest sites, but occurrences based on captures/observations of individuals in wetlands/aquatic habitats should include only the known distribution of the population and not include large areas of upland habitat (not known to be occupied) that may extend between occupied wetlands within the appropriate separation distances.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that turtles rarely if ever cross successfully; untraversable topography (e.g., cliff); urbanized area lacking aquatic or wetland habitat; saltwater habitats.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Separation distance along riverine corridors: 10 stream km.  Separation distance for other freshwater aquatic and wetland habitats: 5 km.  Separation distance for upland habitat: 1 km. Use intermediate values for intermediate circumstances.","separationJustification":"Musk turtles generally do not venture far from water. Upland habitat appears to inhibit movement, though of course these turtles do nest in uplands (but typically within 50 m of water). <br><br>Limited data indicate that home range size tends to be small. In Oklahoma, the maximum distance between successive captures of S. carinatus was 94 m (Mahmoud 1969). Home range of S. odoratus averaged 0.05 ha or less in Oklahoma; maximum distance between successive captures was 525 m (Mahmoud 1969). In Pennsylvania, home range size of S. odoratus averaged about 1.75 ha in males and 0.94 ha in females (Ernst 1986). In South Carolina, individuals were found in upland refugia up to 49 m from the delineated wetland boundary (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001). <br><br>The separation distances used here for freshwater aquatic and wetland habitats reflect the likelihood that, despite evidence of limited movements, these turtles can and do move longer distances within suitable habitat than have been documented.","versionDate":"2004-09-10","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2026-02-28T03:15:34.348723Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":104790,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":106233,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:27:30.651374Z"}],"references":[{"id":1145052,"citation":"Andrews, K. 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Terrestrial habitat use by aquatic turtles from a seasonally fluctuating wetland: implications for wetland conservation boundaries. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4:115-127.","shortCitationAuthor":"Buhlmann and Gibbons","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01BUH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":115228,"citation":"Chabot, J., and D. St-Hilaire. 1991. Premiere mention de la tortue musquee, <i>Sternotherus odoratus</i>, au Quebec. Can. Field-Nat. 105:411-412.","shortCitationAuthor":"Chabot and St-Hilaire","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91CHA03NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:37:26.853907Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":155630,"citation":"Collins, J. T., et al. 1982. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 12. 28 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins et al.","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82COL01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":158357,"citation":"Congdon, J. D., J. L. Greene, and J. W. Gibbons. 1986. Biomass of freshwater turtles: a geographic comparison. American Midland Naturalist 115:165-173.","shortCitationAuthor":"Congdon et al.","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"A86CON02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:25.31435Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. 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Resolving taxonomic turbulence and uncovering cryptic diversity in the musk turtles (<i>Sternotherus</i>) using robust demographic modeling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 120:1-15. Advance online publication 2017.","shortCitationAuthor":"Scott et al.","shortCitationYear":2018,"referenceCode":"A18SCO01EHUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:41.809229Z"},{"id":117193,"citation":"Seidel, M. E., J. B. Iverson, and M. D. Adkins. 1986. Biochemical comparisons and phylogenetic relationships in the family Kinosternidae (Testudines). Copeia 1986:285-294.","shortCitationAuthor":"Seidel et al.","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"A86SEI02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":447525,"citation":"Swannack, T. M., and F. L. Rose. 2003. Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in the sex ratio of a population of stinkpots (Kinosternidae: <i>Sternotherus odoratus</i>). Southwestern Naturalist 48:543-549.","shortCitationAuthor":"Swannack and Rose","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03SWA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:25.31435Z"},{"id":1159208,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [TTWG: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Fritz, U., Gallego-García, N., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. 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Copeia 1997:16-21.","shortCitationAuthor":"Walker et al.","shortCitationYear":1997,"referenceCode":"A97WAL03NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:37:26.853907Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":141503,"name":"Common Musk Turtle","language":"EN"},{"id":145244,"name":"eastern musk turtle","language":"EN"},{"id":205529,"name":"Musk Turtle","language":"EN"},{"id":205530,"name":"Stinkpot","language":"EN"},{"id":134775,"name":"Tortue musquée","language":"FR"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":104790,"cites":null,"cosewic":{"id":5,"cosewicDescEn":"Special Concern","cosewicDescEs":"De interés especial","cosewicDescFr":"Espèce préoccupante","cosewicCode":"SC"},"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":8,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Turtles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1110},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Chelonia","taxorder":"Testudines","family":"Kinosternidae","genus":"Sternotherus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":"Special Concern/Préoccupante","saraStatusDate":"2005-01-12","cosewicDate":"2012-11-25","interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":"Reason for designation: This species occupies shallow waters of lakes, rivers, and ponds. In southwestern Ontario, the species has declined substantially and is now restricted to a few tiny, scattered populations. Throughout its Canadian range, this species is vulnerable to increased mortality of adults and juveniles from recreational boating, development and loss of shoreline habitat, and fisheries by-catch. The species has delayed maturity and a low reproductive rate with a small clutch size. Since the previous assessment in 2002, increased survey effort has found more populations in eastern Ontario and adjacent areas of Quebec. The species distribution range remains unchanged, but losses in the southern half of its range make it near Threatened.<br/><br/>Status history: Designated Threatened in May 2002. 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Multiple females may nest in same site.","ecologyComments":"Population density was about 150/ha in Oklahoma, 24/ha in Pennsylvania (based on suitable habitat) (see Ernst 1986), 149/ha (16% juveniles) in Alabama, 188-194/ha in Virginia, 8-700/ha elsewhere (see Dodd, 1989, Brimleyana 15:47-56). In a 8.5-ha lake in Texas, 989 stinkpots were captured over a 5-year period (Swannack and Rose 2003).<br><br>In Virginia, annual survivorship (juveniles to adults) was 0.84-0.86 (Mitchell 1988). Longevity in nature may exceed 25 years (Ernst 1986).","habitatComments":"Inhabits virtually any permanent body of freshwater having a slow current and soft bottom. May bask on tree limbs well above water. Hibernates in bottom mud or debris, under rocks, or in holes in banks; may congregate when hibernating. Eggs are laid up to about 50 m (average 7 m in Pennsylvania) from water in soil; under logs, stumps, and vegetable debris; and in walls of muskrat houses; sometimes on open ground. 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