{"elementGlobalId":104729,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":4,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Expertise without calculation","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by inspection","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus","scientificNameAuthor":"Erxleben, 1777","primaryCommonName":"Snowshoe Hare","relatedItisNames":"<i>Lepus americanus</i> Erxleben, 1777 (TSN 180112)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104729","elcode":"AMAEB03010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","conceptName":"<i>Lepus americanus</i>","taxonomicComments":"Nagorsen (1985) examined cranial variation patterns throughout the range and found no basis for the recognition of the 15 subspecies included in Hall (1981).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":161826,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":350959,"subnation":{"id":67,"nameEn":"Ontario","nameEs":"Ontario","nameFr":"Ontario","subnationCode":"ON","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":350959,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":290233,"subnation":{"id":63,"nameEn":"New Brunswick","nameEs":"New Brunswick","nameFr":"Nouveau-Brunswick","subnationCode":"NB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":290233,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":331506,"subnation":{"id":227,"nameEn":"Nunavut","nameEs":"Nunavut","nameFr":"Nunavut","subnationCode":"NU","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SU","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SU","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":331506,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":379324,"subnation":{"id":91,"nameEn":"Labrador","nameEs":"Labrador","nameFr":"Labrador","subnationCode":"LB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":379324,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":274070,"subnation":{"id":65,"nameEn":"Northwest Territories","nameEs":"Territorios del Noroeste","nameFr":"Territoires du Nord-Ouest","subnationCode":"NT","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":274070,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":395222,"subnation":{"id":60,"nameEn":"Alberta","nameEs":"Alberta","nameFr":"Alberta","subnationCode":"AB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Proprietary Data","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":395222,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":305979,"subnation":{"id":70,"nameEn":"Saskatchewan","nameEs":"Saskatchewan","nameFr":"Saskatchewan","subnationCode":"SK","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":305979,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":400033,"subnation":{"id":92,"nameEn":"Island of Newfoundland","nameEs":"Isla de Terranova","nameFr":"Île de Terre­Neuve","subnationCode":"NF","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":400033,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":291845,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":291845,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":350957,"subnation":{"id":68,"nameEn":"Prince Edward Island","nameEs":"Isla del Príncipe Eduardo","nameFr":"Île-du-Prince-Édouard","subnationCode":"PE","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":350957,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":271587,"subnation":{"id":66,"nameEn":"Nova Scotia","nameEs":"Nueva Escocia","nameFr":"Nouvelle-Écosse","subnationCode":"NS","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":271587,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":269533,"subnation":{"id":93,"nameEn":"Yukon Territory","nameEs":"Territorio del Yukón","nameFr":"Territoire du Yukon","subnationCode":"YT","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":269533,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":318692,"subnation":{"id":69,"nameEn":"Quebec","nameEs":"Quebec","nameFr":"Québec","subnationCode":"QC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":318692,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":363014,"subnation":{"id":62,"nameEn":"Manitoba","nameEs":"Manitoba","nameFr":"Manitoba","subnationCode":"MB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":363014,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2022,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":161826,"exotic":true,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":166627,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":313863,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":313863,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":287468,"subnation":{"id":29,"nameEn":"Minnesota","nameEs":"Minnesota","nameFr":"Minnesota","subnationCode":"MN","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":287468,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":357846,"subnation":{"id":25,"nameEn":"Maryland","nameEs":"Maryland","nameFr":"Maryland","subnationCode":"MD","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SH","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SH","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":357846,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":292637,"subnation":{"id":18,"nameEn":"Idaho","nameEs":"Idaho","nameFr":"Idaho","subnationCode":"ID","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":292637,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":353889,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SX","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SX","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":353889,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":264598,"subnation":{"id":24,"nameEn":"Massachusetts","nameEs":"Massachusetts","nameFr":"Massachusetts","subnationCode":"MA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":264598,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":356899,"subnation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"New Jersey","nameEs":"Nueva Jersey","nameFr":"New Jersey","subnationCode":"NJ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SX","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SX","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":356899,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":297294,"subnation":{"id":9,"nameEn":"Connecticut","nameEs":"Connecticut","nameFr":"Connecticut","subnationCode":"CT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":297294,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":349643,"subnation":{"id":33,"nameEn":"Montana","nameEs":"Montana","nameFr":"Montana","subnationCode":"MT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":349643,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":408211,"subnation":{"id":41,"nameEn":"New York","nameEs":"Nueva York","nameFr":"New York","subnationCode":"NY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":408211,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":279485,"subnation":{"id":52,"nameEn":"Utah","nameEs":"Utah","nameFr":"Utah","subnationCode":"UT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3?","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":279485,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":368621,"subnation":{"id":55,"nameEn":"Vermont","nameEs":"Vermont","nameFr":"Vermont","subnationCode":"VT","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":368621,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":354198,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SX","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SX","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":354198,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":295264,"subnation":{"id":59,"nameEn":"Wyoming","nameEs":"Wyoming","nameFr":"Wyoming","subnationCode":"WY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":295264,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":407614,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":407614,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":315977,"subnation":{"id":42,"nameEn":"Ohio","nameEs":"Ohio","nameFr":"Ohio","subnationCode":"OH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SX","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SX","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":315977,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":334871,"subnation":{"id":28,"nameEn":"Michigan","nameEs":"Michigan","nameFr":"Michigan","subnationCode":"MI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":334871,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":395847,"subnation":{"id":26,"nameEn":"Maine","nameEs":"Maine","nameFr":"Maine","subnationCode":"ME","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":395847,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":323028,"subnation":{"id":37,"nameEn":"New Hampshire","nameEs":"New Hampshire","nameFr":"New Hampshire","subnationCode":"NH","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":323028,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":346233,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":346233,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":311472,"subnation":{"id":40,"nameEn":"Nevada","nameEs":"Nevada","nameFr":"Nevada","subnationCode":"NV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":311472,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":402661,"subnation":{"id":45,"nameEn":"Pennsylvania","nameEs":"Pennsylvania","nameFr":"Pennsylvanie","subnationCode":"PA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":402661,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":277823,"subnation":{"id":35,"nameEn":"North Dakota","nameEs":"Dakota del Norte","nameFr":"Dakota du Nord","subnationCode":"ND","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":277823,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":408671,"subnation":{"id":1,"nameEn":"Alaska","nameEs":"Alaska","nameFr":"Alaska","subnationCode":"AK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":408671,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":284460,"subnation":{"id":47,"nameEn":"Rhode Island","nameEs":"Rhode Island","nameFr":"Rhode Island","subnationCode":"RI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284460,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":340169,"subnation":{"id":58,"nameEn":"West Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia Occidental","nameFr":"Virginie-Occidentale","subnationCode":"WV","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":340169,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":335509,"subnation":{"id":8,"nameEn":"Colorado","nameEs":"Colorado","nameFr":"Colorado","subnationCode":"CO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":335509,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":294261,"subnation":{"id":57,"nameEn":"Wisconsin","nameEs":"Wisconsin","nameFr":"Wisconsin","subnationCode":"WI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":294261,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":275270,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":275270,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":166627,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:44:39.598106Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104729/Lepus_americanus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-11-05","grankReviewDate":"2016-04-04","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":104729,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":null,"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Sierra Nevada (California/Nevada), Rocky Mountains (to south-central Utah and north-central New Mexico), northern Great Lakes region, and New England north through most of Canada and Alaska. Scattered populations occur in the Appalachian Mountains south to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Introduced and established in forested areas of Newfoundland and Anacosti Island.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Populations declines in some parts of the Appalachians (e.g., Virginia) have been due in part to declining habitat quality (loss of adequate cover related in part to forest maturation) (Handley 1991). Heavy browsing by large deer populations can degrade habitat for snowshoe hare.","shortTermTrendComments":"Populations in some parts of the Appalachians (e.g., Virginia) have declined (Handley 1991).","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":104729,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Home ranges usually fairly small: about 10 hectares for males (Adams 1959); averaged 8 hectares in Colorado and Utah (Dolbeer and Clark 1975); averaged about 3-6 ha (ranged up to nearly 16 ha) during peak phase of population density in Yukon Territory (Burton and Krebs 2003). <br><br>Home range size varies with location and season; most studies indicate a home range size averaging 5-20 ha (Handley 1991). Male ranges average larger than those of females. In Yukon Territory, Canada, 18 natal dispersal distances ranged from 23 m to more than 16 km (all but two were less than 3 km) (Gillis and Krebs 1999). <br>","foodHabitsComments":"In summer, eats succulent vegetation. In winter, diet consists of twigs, buds, bark of small trees. Also coprophagous.","animalPhenologyComments":"Mainly crepuscular and nocturnal.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":52,"width":null,"weight":1400,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":103090,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":103091,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105704,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1110,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Jackrabbits and Hares","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.6,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on a modest home range size of 30 hectares (see Separation Justification).","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals in appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Major water bodies; arbitrarily set at those wider than 500 meters at low water.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":2.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"For most species, unsuitable habitat includes dense forested vegetation and large water bodies that do not freeze. <br><br>For <i>Lepus americanus</i>, unsuitable habitat iincludes dense forest with no understory vegetation, open grassland and tundra, water bodies. <br><br>Jackrabbits and hares are highly mobile and warrant large separation distances for suitable habitat. Dispersal not uncommonly extends several kilometers and sometimes tens of kilometers. For example, in Idaho, <i>L. californicus</i> moved up to 45 km in a 17-week period (French et al. 1965). Snowshoe hares may move up to 8 kilometers occur when food is scarce (Banfield 1974). However, the extreme distances are too large to be used as a basis for establishing occurrence separation distances (the resulting occurrences often would be unreasonably large for conservation purposes). Separation distance for suitable habitat therefore is a compromise between the likely low probability that two occupied areas separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent truly independent populations and the need for occurrences of reasonable size.","versionDate":"2004-10-19","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S., and G. Hammerson","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:05:43.458031Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":104729,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"See Williamson (no date) for information on habitat management.","monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":106172,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:27:20.619955Z"}],"references":[{"id":141836,"citation":"Adams, L. 1959. An analysis of a population of snowshoe hares in northwestern Montana. Ecological Monographs 29:141-170.","shortCitationAuthor":"Adams","shortCitationYear":1959,"referenceCode":"A59ADA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10595931. Online. Available: https://www.mammaldiversity.org/","shortCitationAuthor":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM)","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"W25ASM01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-04-04T21:45:15.526109Z"},{"id":120395,"citation":"Baker, R. H. 1983. Michigan mammals. Michigan State University Press. 642 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Baker","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"B83BAK01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:47.27318Z"},{"id":119122,"citation":"Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. 438 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Banfield","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"B74BAN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.631914Z"},{"id":142169,"citation":"Best, T. L., and T. H. Henry. 1993a. <i>Lepus alleni</i>. American Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species 424:1-8.","shortCitationAuthor":"Best and Henry","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93BES01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-03-01T01:21:28.717906Z"},{"id":759420,"citation":"Bradley, R.D., L.K. Ammerman, R.J. Baker, L.C. Bradley, J.A. Cook. R.C. Dowler, C. Jones, D.J. Schmidly, F.B. Stangl Jr., R.A. Van den Bussche and B. Würsig. 2014. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2014. Museum of Texas Tech University Occasional Papers 327:1-28. Available at: http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/ops/OP327.pdf","shortCitationAuthor":"Bradley et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14BRA01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":175334,"citation":"Burton, C., and C. J. Krebs. 2003. Influence of relatedness on snowshoe hare spacing behavior. Journal of Mammalogy 84:1100-1111.","shortCitationAuthor":"Burton and Krebs","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03BUR02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":103944,"citation":"Dolbeer, R. A., and W. R. Clark. 1975. Population ecology of snowshoe hares in the central Rocky Mountains. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:535-549.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dolbeer and Clark","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"A75DOL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:55.700988Z"},{"id":147918,"citation":"Donoho, H.S. 1971. Dispersion and dispersal of white-tailed and black-tailed jackrabbits, Pawnee National Grasslands. US/IBP Grassland Biome Technical Report No. 96, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Donoho","shortCitationYear":1971,"referenceCode":"N71DON01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":266504,"citation":"French, N. R., R. McBride, and J. Detmer. 1965. Fertility and population density of the black-tailed jackrabbit. Journal of Wildlife Management 29:14-26.","shortCitationAuthor":"French et al.","shortCitationYear":1965,"referenceCode":"A65FRE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":118060,"citation":"Gillis, E. A., and C. J. Krebs. 1999. Natal dispersal of snowshoe hares during a cyclic population increase. Journal of Mammalogy 80:933-939.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gillis and Krebs","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"A99GIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":118294,"citation":"Godin, A. J. 1977. Wild mammals of New England. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 304 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Godin","shortCitationYear":1977,"referenceCode":"B77GOD01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:30.710457Z"},{"id":119546,"citation":"Hall, E. R. 1981a. The Mammals of North America, second edition. Vols. I &amp; II. John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, New York. 1181 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hall","shortCitationYear":1981,"referenceCode":"B81HAL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:13.267235Z"},{"id":147824,"citation":"Handley, C. O., Jr. 1991. Mammals. Pages 539-616 in K. Terwilliger, coordinator. Virginia's endangered species: proceedings of a symposium. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.","shortCitationAuthor":"Handley","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91HAN02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.897541Z"},{"id":147167,"citation":"Hearn, B. J., L. B. Keith, and O. J. Rongstad. 1987. Demography and ecology of the arctic hare (<i>Lepus arcticus</i>) in southwestern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:852-861.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hearn et al.","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"A87HEA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":810394,"citation":"Hebda, A.J. 2011. List of mammals of Nova Scotia (including synonyms used in the literature relating to Nova Scotia) (revision 2) 24 July 2011. Nova Scotia Museum Collections Unit, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 24 pp. Online. Available: https://naturalhistory.novascotia.ca/sites/default/files/inline/images/names_and_synonyms_ver3.pdf","shortCitationAuthor":"Hebda","shortCitationYear":2011,"referenceCode":"N11HEB01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:30.726311Z"},{"id":156383,"citation":"Jones, J. K., Jr., R. S. Hoffman, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, R. J. Baker, and M. D. Engstrom. 1992a. Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 146:1-23.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jones et al.","shortCitationYear":1992,"referenceCode":"B92JON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":112714,"citation":"Keith, L.B., and L.A. Windberg. 1978. A demographic analysis of the snowshoe hare cycle. Wildl. Monogr. No. 58.74pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Keith and Windberg","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"B78KEI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":141232,"citation":"Keith, L. B., S. E. M. Bloomer, and T. Willebrand. 1993. Dynamics of a snowshoe hare population in fragmented habitat. Can. J. Zool. 71:1385-1392.","shortCitationAuthor":"Keith et al.","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93KEI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":118070,"citation":"Lechleitner, R. R. 1958. Movements, density, and mortality in a black-tailed jackrabbit population. Journal of Wildlife Management 22:371-384.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lechleitner","shortCitationYear":1958,"referenceCode":"A58LEC01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":810393,"citation":"Linzey, D.W. 2016. Mammals of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: 2016 revision. Southeastern Naturalist 15(Monograph 8):1–93.","shortCitationAuthor":"Linzey","shortCitationYear":2016,"referenceCode":"A16LIN02EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:52.46115Z"},{"id":152509,"citation":"Nagorsen, D. W. 1985. A morphometric study of geographic variation in the snowshoe hare (<i>Lepus americanus</i>). Can. J. Zool. 63:567-579.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nagorsen","shortCitationYear":1985,"referenceCode":"A85NAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-03-01T01:25:07.587689Z"},{"id":115526,"citation":"O'Donoghue, M., and S. Stuart. 1993. Hare-raising encounters. Natural History 2/93, pp. 26-33.","shortCitationAuthor":"O'Donoghue and Stuart","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93ODO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:28.091057Z"},{"id":145111,"citation":"Sinclair, A. R. E., C. J. Krebs, J. N. M. Smith, and S. Boutin. 1988. Population biology of snowshoe hares. III. Nutrition, plant secondary compounds and food limitation. J. Anim. Ecol. 57:787-806.","shortCitationAuthor":"Sinclair et al.","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88SIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:23:14.916392Z"},{"id":140847,"citation":"Smith, G. W. 1990. Home range and activity patterns of black-tailed jackrabbits. Great Basin Naturalist 50:249-256.","shortCitationAuthor":"Smith","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"A90SMI03NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":129658,"citation":"Tiemeier, O. W. 1965. The black-tailed jackrabbit in Kansas. Kansas State University Agriculture Experimental Station, Manhattan. Contrib. No. 336. 75pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Tiemeier","shortCitationYear":1965,"referenceCode":"N65TIE01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:43.898142Z"},{"id":109392,"citation":"Williamson, S. J. No date. Forester's guide to wildlife habitat improvement. Cooperative Extension Service, Univ. of New Hampshire. 56 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Williamson","shortCitationYear":null,"referenceCode":"BNDWIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:27.586622Z"},{"id":117022,"citation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":136243,"name":"Lièvre d'Amérique","language":"FR"},{"id":144866,"name":"snowshoe hare","language":"EN"},{"id":136244,"name":"Varying Hare","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":104729,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":6,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Mammals","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1090},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Mammalia","taxorder":"Lagomorpha","family":"Leporidae","genus":"Lepus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":101349,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101349","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus washingtonii</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus washingtonii","primaryCommonName":"Washington Snowshoe Hare","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101349/Lepus_americanus_washingtonii"},{"infraspeciesId":102525,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102525","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus seclusus</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus seclusus","primaryCommonName":"Bighorn Mountain Snowshoe Hare","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102525/Lepus_americanus_seclusus"},{"infraspeciesId":102141,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102141","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus klamathensis</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus klamathensis","primaryCommonName":"Oregon Snowshoe Hare","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102141/Lepus_americanus_klamathensis"},{"infraspeciesId":103308,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103308","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus tahoensis</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus tahoensis","primaryCommonName":"Sierra Nevada Snowshoe Hare","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103308/Lepus_americanus_tahoensis"},{"infraspeciesId":1279044,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279044","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lepus americanus virginianus</i>","scientificName":"Lepus americanus virginianus","primaryCommonName":"Snowshoe Hare","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279044/Lepus_americanus_virginianus"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Mammals","caGeneralStatusId":"GS001590"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":104729,"reproductionComments":"Across the range, breeding season extends from February to mid-August. Gestation lasts 36-37 days. Young are born May-August; 1-4 litters/year. Litter size is 1-6, averages 3. Young are weaned at about 4 weeks (last litter of the season sometimes up to 6 weeks). Sexually mature in first spring (second calendar year). Lives usually no more than about 2 years, but up to about 5 years.","ecologyComments":"Basically solitary except when breeding. In some areas, populations fluctuate widely over 10-11 year cycle. Densities may vary from 1 to several hundred per square mile (Keith and Windberg 1978). In Wisconsin, fall populations of less than 10 hares frequenting patches of prime habitat of less than 5 ha are not likely to persist long without ingress; in the same area, coyote predation was the overwhelming determinant of survival and population trend (Keith et al. 1993). See Sinclair et al. (1988) for recent data on population dynamics and food quality and supply. <br><br>Taken by many avian and mammalian predators, including ground squirrels and red squirrels (Yukon, O'Donoghue and Stuart 1993).","habitatComments":"Prefers the dense cover of coniferous and mixed forests; abundant understory cover is important. Coniferous swamps and second-growth areas that are adjacent to mature forests, and alder fens and conifer bogs, are also utilized. Often in ecotones. Rests in daytime in dense cover. Nesting places may be made in a ground depression or hollow log. Underground burrows generally are avoided. Litters stay at natal sites for up to a few days or a week, gradually range farther away.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-111261,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":1,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Feuillu","displayOrder":2}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111262,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":2,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Résineux","displayOrder":3}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111263,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":3,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Mixte","displayOrder":4}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111264,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111265,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111266,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111259,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-111260,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":10,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Old field","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Terreno baldío","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Friche","displayOrder":12}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-103250,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-103251,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":5,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Bog/fen","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Pantanoso","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Tourbière oligotrophe/marais","displayOrder":5}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10595931. Online. Available: https://www.mammaldiversity.org/","shortCitationAuthor":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM)","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"W25ASM01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-04-04T21:45:15.526109Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}