{"elementGlobalId":104478,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":4,"iucnDescEn":"Endangered","iucnDescEs":"En peligro de extinción","iucnDescFr":"En voie de disparition","iucnCode":"EN"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Cetorhinus maximus</i>","scientificName":"Cetorhinus maximus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Gunnerus, 1765)","primaryCommonName":"Basking Shark","relatedItisNames":"<i>Cetorhinus maximus</i> (Gunnerus, 1765) (TSN 159907)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104478","elcode":"AFDDD01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Cetorhinus maximus</i>","taxonomicComments":null,"roundedGRank":"G2","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2014-04-30","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hipes, Daniel","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":843580,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":887057,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":887057,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1274663,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1274663,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1255854,"subnation":{"id":11,"nameEn":"Delaware","nameEs":"Delaware","nameFr":"Delaware","subnationCode":"DE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1255854,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1227115,"subnation":{"id":41,"nameEn":"New York","nameEs":"Nueva York","nameFr":"New York","subnationCode":"NY","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1227115,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1384114,"subnation":{"id":26,"nameEn":"Maine","nameEs":"Maine","nameFr":"Maine","subnationCode":"ME","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1384114,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1253323,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1253323,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1290811,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1290811,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":843580,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":167890,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"NUB,NUN,N3M","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":276964,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":276964,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":875740,"subnation":{"id":92,"nameEn":"Island of Newfoundland","nameEs":"Isla de Terranova","nameFr":"Île de Terre­Neuve","subnationCode":"NF","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":875740,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":354901,"subnation":{"id":69,"nameEn":"Quebec","nameEs":"Quebec","nameFr":"Québec","subnationCode":"QC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":354901,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":875741,"subnation":{"id":91,"nameEn":"Labrador","nameEs":"Labrador","nameFr":"Labrador","subnationCode":"LB","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":875741,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":875739,"subnation":{"id":66,"nameEn":"Nova Scotia","nameEs":"Nueva Escocia","nameFr":"Nouvelle-Écosse","subnationCode":"NS","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":875739,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2024,"nrank":"NUB,NUN,N3M","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":167890,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:44:18.3931Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104478/Cetorhinus_maximus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2014-06-30","grankReviewDate":"2014-06-30","grankReasons":"This species has a large range, but it appears to be being over-utilized.","grank":"G2G3","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":104478,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":2,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Very narrow to narrow.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Muy estrecho a estrecho.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"De très étroit à étroit."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":2,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Highly to moderately vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Altamente a moderadamente vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"De très à moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":3,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of >70%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de >70%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de >70 %"},"numberEos":{"id":7,"numberEosDescEn":"6 - 80","numberEosDescEs":"De 6 a 80","numberEosDescFr":"De 6 à 80"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":8,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very few to few (1-12)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muy pocos a pocos (1-12)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De très peu à peu (de 1 à 12)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":1,"numberProtEosDescEn":"None. No occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Ninguno. No hay casos adecuadamente protegidos y gestionados","numberProtEosDescFr":"Aucun. Aucune occurrence protégée et contrôlée convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":37,"popSizeDescEn":"Unknown","popSizeDescEs":"Desconocido","popSizeDescFr":"Inconnu"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":34,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <50% to increase of <25%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <50% a aumento de <25%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <50 % à augmentation de <25 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs in global temperate and boreal oceans. According to Froese and Pauly (2020), it ranges from White Bay and Notre Dame Bay Newfoundland, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Scotian Shelf, along the Nova Scotia coastline, in the Bay of Fundy and south to North Carolina, straying to Florida.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"Exact number of occurrences is unknown; division between large (in area) oceanic populations are unknown.","popSizeComments":"size and trend data is unavialable for this uncommon wide-ranging species.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"The Basking Shark has been exploited for several centuries to supply liver oil for lighting and industrial use, skin for leather and flesh for food or fishmeal. Modern fisheries yield liver oil, fins, meat and cartilage","inventoryNeeds":"It is essential to improve data collection and develop stock assessments for this species.","numberProtEosComments":"difficult to protect over the large area covered by an occurence of this wide-ranging species.","protectionNeeds":"moratorium on harvest","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Low reproductive capacity","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"Basking sharks are often associated with surface aggregations of zooplankton small fish, and fish eggs where they feed by swimming open-mouthed."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":104478,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":104478,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"There is a need to better understand population dynamics and reproduction","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":105928,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:26:45.697748Z"}],"references":[{"id":762464,"citation":"Fowler, S.L. 2005. <i>Cetorhinus maximus</i>. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. &lt;www.iucnredlist.org&gt;","shortCitationAuthor":"Fowler","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"W05FOW02HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:22:39.844841Z"},{"id":1053454,"citation":"Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2020. FishBase. <i>Cetorhinus maximus</i> (Gunnerus, 1765). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=105837 on 2020-02-07","shortCitationAuthor":"Froese and Pauly","shortCitationYear":2020,"referenceCode":"W20FRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:22:39.844841Z"},{"id":379642,"citation":"Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nelson et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04NEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":756145,"citation":"Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"B13PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.282291Z"},{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},{"id":132833,"citation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Robins et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ROB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":104478,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":null,"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":10,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Fishes - Marine Bony and Cartilaginous; Hagfishes","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"not","displayOrder":1130},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Chondrichthyes","taxorder":"Lamniformes","family":"Cetorhinidae","genus":"Cetorhinus","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":"PS:E,SC","cosewicComments":"This shark species is the only extant species in the family Cetorhinidae. It occurs circumglobally in temperate coastal shelf waters, and exists in Canada as two geographically isolated designatable units - Atlantic and Pacific. The Pacific population is designated Endangered.","usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":"In a 90-day petition finding, NMFS (2013) found listing the North Pacific subpopulation and the Northeast Atlantic subpopulation to not be warranted.","completeDistribution":false,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":800957,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.800957","formattedScientificName":"<i>Cetorhinus maximus </i>pop. 1","scientificName":"Cetorhinus maximus pop. 1","primaryCommonName":"Basking Shark (Pacific population)","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.800957/Cetorhinus_maximus_pop_1"},{"infraspeciesId":834476,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.834476","formattedScientificName":"<i>Cetorhinus maximus </i>pop. 2","scientificName":"Cetorhinus maximus pop. 2","primaryCommonName":"Basking Shark (Atlantic population)","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.834476/Cetorhinus_maximus_pop_2"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Fishes","caGeneralStatusId":"GS007100"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":104478,"reproductionComments":null,"ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":null,"generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":20279,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":19,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"5","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Biological resource use","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"5 - Biological resource use","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":330,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":20280,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":23,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"5.4","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"5.4 - Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":370,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":19,"iucnThreatLevel":2},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null}]}