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population; no major threats.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":104326,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":46,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","longTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","longTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberEos":{"id":15,"numberEosDescEn":"> 300","numberEosDescEs":"> 300","numberEosDescFr":"> 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":21,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very many (>125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muchos (>125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Beaucoup (>125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":15,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Muchas ocurrencias (>40) protegidas y controladas adecuadamente","numberProtEosDescFr":"Beaucoup d’occurrences (>40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":36,"popSizeDescEn":">1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":">1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":">1 000 000 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Winter range includes almost all of the breeding range (except notably populations in the north-central portion) and extends south to southern Baja California and throughout the remainder of Mexico (Howell and Webb 1995), and mainly along the Pacific slope of Central America south to Costa Rica and southwestern Panama (Stiles and Skutch 1989, Ridgely and Gwynne 1989).<br><br>Introduced (1960s) and established in Hawaii (near Puu Waa Waa, Hawaii).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is represented by a large number of occurrences.","popSizeComments":"Total population size is unknown but certainly exceeds 100,000,000. Rich et al. (2004) estimated population size at 130,000,000.","viabilityComments":"Many occurrences have at least good estimated viability.","threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"Trend over past 200 years is unknown. 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Peak southward migration occurs in August in central U.S. Resident populations in south are augmented in northern winter by migrants from northern temperate zone. <br><br>Doves banded west of the Continental Divide in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico were recovered primarily south and west of banding areas (34% in Mexico), and recoveries west of the Divide came primarily from bandings west of the main north-south mountain ranges; the cordilleras forming the Divide appear to be impediments to east-west migration (Braun 1979).","foodHabitsComments":"About 98% of diet is seeds (Terres 1980). Diet includes a wide variety of wild seeds as well as waste grain (wheat, corn, rye, oats, etc), also some insects. Individuals may fly long distances to water. Feeding occurs mostly on the ground.","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":31,"width":null,"weight":123,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102909,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":105367,"foodHabits":{"id":5,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Granivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Granívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Granivore","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1122,"locationUseClass":{"id":2,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Breeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"En reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Reproduction","displayOrder":2},"eoSpecGroupName":"Large Doves","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.35,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on small home ranges of the relatively sedentary (in Texas) White-tipped Dove (Boydstun and de Young 1988); longer movements of other species may represent commuting trips that are not well-suited to the application of Inferred Extent.","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical breeding, or current and likely recurring breeding, at a given location, minimally a reliable observation of one or more breeding pairs in appropriate habitat. Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single breeding events outside the normal breeding distribution.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":10.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Based on movement patterns of Mourning Doves. Although Mourning Doves had home ranges averaging 3200 hectares in Missouri, most activity was within 1.6 kilometers, or within a circle with a diameter of 3.2 kilometers (Tomlinson et al. 1960).","versionDate":"2001-12-05","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S.","versionNotes":"Contains members of the genera ZENAIDA and LEPTOTILA.","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:05:10.941923Z"},{"eoSpecsDetailId":1121,"locationUseClass":{"id":3,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Nonbreeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"No reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Non-reproduction","displayOrder":3},"eoSpecGroupName":"Large Doves","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of recurring presence of nonbreeding flocks (including historical); and potential recurring presence at a given location, minimally a reliable observation of 50 birds in appropriate habitat. Occurrences should be locations where the species is resident for some time during the appropriate season; it is preferable to have observations documenting presence over at least 20 days annually. Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single events.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":10.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Separation distance arbitrary; set at 10 kilometers to create occurrences that are manageable for conservation purposes.","versionDate":"2002-04-22","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:05:10.941923Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":104326,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"See Baskett et al. (1993) for information on research and management techniques. Geissler et al. (1987) found that September hunting had no substantial effect on recruitment of fledglings into the population (see also Olson and Braun, 1984, J. Wildl. Manage. 48:1035-1041). Response to burning: more common on burned plots in breeding season in Arizona (Finch et al. 1997).","monitoringMethods":"See Reeves et al. (1968) for information on capture and banding techniques. See Wakeley et al. 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