{"elementGlobalId":103640,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Iguana iguana</i>","scientificName":"Iguana iguana","scientificNameAuthor":"(Linnaeus, 1758)","primaryCommonName":"Green Iguana","relatedItisNames":"<i>Iguana iguana</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (TSN 173930)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103640","elcode":"ARACF09010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.","conceptName":"<i>Iguana iguana</i>","taxonomicComments":"See Bock and McCracken (1988) for information on genetic variability in Panama and Venezuela.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2007-04-26","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":163159,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNA","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":284086,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284086,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":309988,"subnation":{"id":16,"nameEn":"Hawaii","nameEs":"Hawai","nameFr":"Hawaï","subnationCode":"HI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":309988,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"NNA","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":163159,"exotic":true,"native":false}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:42:19.26411Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103640/Iguana_iguana","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-28","grankReviewDate":"2007-04-26","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103640,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":null,"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Native to Neotropics. Present on many West Indies islands. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas and some satellites, St. John (including Whistling Cay), St. Croix, Tortola, Virgin Gorda; Cayman Islands: Grand Cayman; Saba, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Iles des Saintes, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenadines, Grenada; Swan Island; islas San Andres and Providencia. Introduced in southern Florida (Townsend et al., 2002, Herpetol. Rev. 33:75; Meshaka et al. 2004; Krysko et al. 2005); Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico; Hawaii (established on Oahu; McKeown 1996).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":"See Fitch and Henderson (1977) for brief discussion of conservation issues.","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103640,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats mainly leaves, flowers, and fruits of trees and vines. Also eats invertebrates, small vertebrates, and carrion. (Fitch and Henderson 1977).","animalPhenologyComments":"Active all year in native range.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":200,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102576,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104761,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104762,"foodHabits":{"id":6,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Frugivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Frugívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Frugivore","displayOrder":6},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1109,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Iguanas","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":1.0,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Known migration corridors between nesting sites and the usual home range should be included as part of the occurrence.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that lizards rarely if ever cross successfully; urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"The separation distance for suitable habitat should be appropriate for most situations, despite occasional movements that exceed this distance. Sometimes nesting areas are distant from the usual home range; be careful not to record these distant nesting areas as separate occurrences.<br><br>Iguanas can be relatively sedentary but sometimes make long-distance movements, particularly in conjunction with nesting. Even the most terrestrial species are capable of swimming across large bodies of water, so aquatic habitats and wetlands are here regarded as unsuitable habitat as opposed to barriers (except in the case of Iguana iguana, for which wetlands are suitable habitat).  <br><br>In Panama, hatchling <i>Iguana iguana</i> dispersed average of 250 m (maximum 1750 m) from nest site to hatchling habitat where they became sedentary; females traveled average of 425 m (maximum 1400 m) from home range to nesting site (Bock and McCracken 1988). Two females moved 470 m and 1140 m from the center of their home ranges to nesting areas (Rand et al. 1989). Iguana iguana is regarded as sedentary outside breeding season; the core area of home range over 6 months ranged from about 1200 sq m in a juvenile to about 9500 sq m in large adult male (another study found smaller male home range size) (Rand et al. 1989). <br><br><i>Cyclura stejnegeri </i>may migrate up to 6.5 km to nesting areas away from usual activity areas (Wiewandt 1977), suggesting that a large separation distance is appropriate.","versionDate":"2004-03-26","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":"This specs groups includes most members of the lizard family Iguanidae as defined by Frost and Etheridge (1989).","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:15:51.185947Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103640,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"Bock and McCracken (1988) recommended that genetic structure of populations be considered when selecting breeding stock for reintroduction efforts. See Phillips et al. (1990) for information on egg incubation methods that maximize size of offspring for release into the wild.","monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":105114,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:24:37.445627Z"}],"references":[{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":153536,"citation":"Bock, B. C., and A. S. Rand. 1989. Factors influencing nesting synchrony and hatching success at a green iguana nesting aggregation in Panama. Copeia 1989:978-986.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bock and Rand","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"A89BOC02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":143373,"citation":"Bock, B. C., and G. F. McCracken. 1988. Genetic structure and variability in the green iguana (IGUANA IGUANA). J. Herpetol. 22:316-322.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bock and McCracken","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88BOC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":142265,"citation":"Bock, B. C., A. S. Rand, and G. M. Burghart. 1989. Nesting season movements of female iguanas (IGUANA IGUANA) in Panama. Copeia 1989:214-216.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bock et al.","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"A89BOC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":125635,"citation":"Burghardt, G. M., and A. S. Rand, eds. 1982. Iguanas of the world. Their behavior, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. 472 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Burghardt and Rand","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82BUR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:19.730435Z"},{"id":137833,"citation":"de Queiroz, K. 1987. Phylogenetic systematics of iguanine lizards. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 118. 203 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"de Queiroz","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"B87DEQ01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":149347,"citation":"Fitch, H. S. 1982. Reproductive cycles in tropical reptiles. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., Occas. Publ. No. 96:1-53.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fitch","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82FIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:44.997396Z"},{"id":128323,"citation":"Fitch, H. S., and R. W. Henderson. 1977. Age and sex differences, reproduction and conservation of Iguana iguana.Milwaukee Pub. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. 13:1-21.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fitch and Henderson","shortCitationYear":1977,"referenceCode":"B77FIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":100278,"citation":"Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost and Collins","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2023-02-03T23:35:47.728291Z"},{"id":981166,"citation":"Krysko, K. L., J. P. Burgess, M. R. Rochford, C. R. Gillette, D. Cueva, K. M. Enge, L. A. Somma, J. L. Stabile, D. C. Smith, J. A. Wasilewski, and G. N. Kieckhefer III. 2011. Verified non-indigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida from 1863 through 2010: outlining the invasion process and identifying invasion pathways and stages. Zootaxa 3028: 1-64.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko et al. ","shortCitationYear":2011,"referenceCode":"A11KRY01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":463262,"citation":"Krysko, K. L., K. M. Enge, J. H. Townsend, E. M. Langan, S. A. Johnson, and T. S. Campbell. 2005. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Florida. Herpetological Review 36:85-87.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"A05KRY01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":110861,"citation":"Lazell, J. 1983. Biogeography of the herpetofauna of the British Virgin Islands, with description of a new anole (Sauria: Iguanidae). In A. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.). Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lazell","shortCitationYear":1983,"referenceCode":"A83LAZ01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":134553,"citation":"McKeown, S. 1978. Hawaiian reptiles and amphibians. Oriental Pub. Co., Honolulu. 80 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McKeown","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"B78MCK01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:21.616638Z"},{"id":119020,"citation":"McKeown, S. 1996. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians in the Hawaiian Islands. Diamond Head Publishing. Los Osos, California.","shortCitationAuthor":"McKeown","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"B96MCK01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":464504,"citation":"Meshaka, W. E., Jr., B. P. Butterfield, and J. B. Hauge. 2004. The exotic amphibians and reptiles of Florida. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. x + 155 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Meshaka et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04MES01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:11.995019Z"},{"id":123974,"citation":"Mora, J. M. 1989. Eco-behavioral aspects of two communally nesting iguanines and the structure of their shared nesting burrows. Herpetologica 45:293-8.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mora","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"A89MOR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":102721,"citation":"Phillips, J. A., et al. 1990. Influence of moisture and temperature on eggs and embryos of green iguanas (IGUANA IGUANA). Herpetologica 46:238-245.","shortCitationAuthor":"Phillips et al.","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"A90PHI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":115093,"citation":"Rand, A. S., et al. 1989. Home range in green iguanas (IGUANA IGUANA) in Panama. Copeia 1989:217-221.","shortCitationAuthor":"Rand et al.","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"A89RAN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:35.983598Z"},{"id":155580,"citation":"Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: a check-list. Milwaukee Pub. Mus., Contrib. Biological Geology No. 74:1-264.","shortCitationAuthor":"Schwartz and Henderson","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"B88SCH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":138238,"citation":"Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. xvi + 720 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Schwartz and Henderson","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91SCH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":103640,"cites":{"id":2,"citesDescEn":"Appendix II","citesDescEs":"Apéndice II","citesDescFr":"Annexe II"},"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":2,"genusSizeDescEn":"Very small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Un género muy pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Très petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Iguanidae","genus":"Iguana","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103640,"reproductionComments":"Oviposition strongly synchronous (February-March) in Panama (Bock and Rand 1989). Nesting occurred mainly from mid-April through May on Curacao (Copeia 1993:790-798). Clutch size 11-54, largest in large females. Most eggs hatch in about 10 weeks, April to June (Fitch and Henderson 1977). See Mora (1989) for information on communal nesting in Costa Rica. Excessive soil moisture due to above average rainfall may result in nesting failure (Bock and Rand 1989). Large males may do most of breeding.","ecologyComments":"Hatchlings in Panama dispersed average of 250 m (maximum 1750 m) from nest site to hatchling habitat where they became sedentary; females traveled average of 425 m (maximum 1400 m) from home range to nesting site (Bock and McCracken 1988); 2 females moved 470 m and 1140 m from center of home range to nesting area (Rand et al. 1989); regarded as sedentary outside breeding season, core area of home range over 6 months ranged from about 1200 sq m in a juvenile to about 9500 sq m in large adult male (another study found smaller male home range size) (Rand et al. 1989).","habitatComments":"ACACIA thickets, mangrove edge; near water in otherwise xeric areas; in bushes and trees, on open rocky ground, cliff faces, rocky crevices (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Mostly arboreal; juveniles sleep in low trees and bushes; adults probably in large trees, rock piles, rock crevices, or burrows (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Small juveniles more terrestrial (Fitch and Henderson 1977). Good swimmer. In Panama, usually stayed close to lake shoreline (Bock et al. 1989, Rand et al. 1989). Eggs are laid in burrows dug in open areas, often a sand bank (Fitch and Henderson 1977). Usually returns to same nesting site each year (Bock et al. 1989).","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-109836,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":1,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Forest - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Bosque - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Forêt — Feuillu","displayOrder":2}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109837,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109838,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":18,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Cliff","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Acantilado","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Falaise","displayOrder":21}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102809,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-102810,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101184,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":7,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Forested wetland","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Humedal forestal","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Terres humides forestières","displayOrder":7}}]},"primaryReference":{"id":100278,"citation":"Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost and Collins","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2023-02-03T23:35:47.728291Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}