{"elementGlobalId":103484,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis zonata</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis zonata","scientificNameAuthor":"(Lockington, 1876 ex Blainville, 1835)","primaryCommonName":"California Mountain Kingsnake","relatedItisNames":"<i>Lampropeltis zonata</i> (Lockington, 1876 ex Blainville, 1835) (TSN 174193)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103484","elcode":"ARADB19060","conceptRefFullCitation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Lampropeltis zonata</i>","taxonomicComments":"This species was investigated using a multi-locus nuclear dataset (Myers et al. 2013), finding multiple species-level taxa. This species comprises the formerly recognized subspecies <i>L. z. zonata</i>, <i>L. z. multicincta</i>, and <i>L. z. multifasciata</i> (part), including populations from the Sierra Nevada north (Crother 2017).<br/><br/>The population on the southern island of Isla Todos Santos, Baja California, was treated as a distinct species, <i>L. herrerae</i>, by Grismer (2002).","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2025-09-30","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G. (2005); rev. R. L. Gundy (2025)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":166529,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":324302,"subnation":{"id":44,"nameEn":"Oregon","nameEs":"Oregón","nameFr":"Oregon","subnationCode":"OR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":324302,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":320808,"subnation":{"id":56,"nameEn":"Washington","nameEs":"Washington","nameFr":"Washington","subnationCode":"WA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2?","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":320808,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":393732,"subnation":{"id":7,"nameEn":"California","nameEs":"California","nameFr":"Californie","subnationCode":"CA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":393732,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2005,"nrank":"N4N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":166529,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:41:52.055116Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103484/Lampropeltis_zonata","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2001-05-21","grankReviewDate":"2025-09-30","grankReasons":"This species has a broad range in the U.S. from Washington south to central California. Much of the range is protected on conservation lands. It is threatened by illegal collection and destruction of microhabitat by collectors.","grank":"G4G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103484,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":36,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 10-30%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 10 al 30%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 10 à 30 %"},"numberEos":{"id":13,"numberEosDescEn":"81 - 300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a 300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à 300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":22,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Unknown","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Desconocido","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberProtEos":{"id":15,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Very many (>40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"Muchas ocurrencias (>40) protegidas y controladas adecuadamente","numberProtEosDescFr":"Beaucoup d’occurrences (>40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":37,"popSizeDescEn":"Unknown","popSizeDescEs":"Desconocido","popSizeDescFr":"Inconnu"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":46,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":9,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Medium - low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Medio - bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Moyen — faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species is endemic to the western United States. The range wraps around the Central Valley of California along the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east and the Northern Coast Ranges north of Monterey Bay to the west, extends north into the Klamath Mountains in Oregon, plus an additional disjunct population along the Columbia Gorge in Washington (Myers et al. 2013). Elevational range is from near sea level to about 2,750 meters (9,000 feet) (Stebbins 2003). Using Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (2025) records, range extent is estimated to be 324,590 km² (RARECAT 2025).<br/><br/>The populations in the Southern Coast Ranges south of Monterrey Bay, and the Transverse Range and Peninsular Range into northern Baja California, México were treated as a distinct species, <i>L. multifasciata</i> (Myers et al. 2013). The population on the southern island of Isla Todos Santos, Baja California, was treated as a distinct species, <i>L. herrerae</i>, by Grismer (2002).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"There are many occurrences throughout the range.","popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Some local populations probably have been reduced or eliminated as a result of habitat destruction associated with urbanization. Some accessible populations along roads probably have been detrimentally affected as a result of snake collection by reptile hobbyists and commercial collectors and by the damage collectors do to the microhabitats used by this snake (Grismer 2002, Ernst and Ernst 2003).","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"Localized declines have occurred.","inventoryNeeds":"Long-term monitoring is needed to assess population trends.","numberProtEosComments":"There are many occurrences in national forests, national parks, state parks, and other conservation lands. Accessible sections of these areas are not necessarily protected against illegal snake collecting.","protectionNeeds":"Rigorously enforce regulations prohibiting the collection of native snakes in California.","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103484,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats lizards, squamate eggs, mammals, and birds; juveniles feed on lizards, especially spiny lizards (<i>Sceloporus</i>) and skinks (<i>Eumeces</i>) (Greene and Rodriguez-Robles (2003).","animalPhenologyComments":"Inactive in cold temperatures and extreme heat. Mainly diurnal except during hot weather when it is active at night.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":102,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102466,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":102467,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104603,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1142,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Medium And Large Colubrid Snakes","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh (this barrier pertains only to upland species and does not apply to aquatic or wetland snakes); densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Available information on movements of colubrid snakes is limited to a small minority of species. These data indicate that nearly all species have home ranges smaller or much smaller than 25 ha (e.g., less than 3 ha, <i>Pituophis catenifer</i> in California, Rodriguez-Robles 2003), with some up to about 75 ha (<i>Heterodon platirhinos</i>, average 50 ha, Plummer and Mills 2000), and the largest up to 225 ha in the biggest colubrids (<i>Drymarchon</i>, summer mean 50-100 ha, USFWS 1998). <br><br>Radiotelemetry data for <i>Pantherophis </i>indicate that residents of hibernacula that are 1-2 km apart (with suitable intervening habitat) probably interbreed (Prior et al. 1997, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead 2002). However, \"evidence of genetic structure even over short distances (e.g., 2-20 km) implies that gene flow among rat snake populations can be easily disrupted\" (Prior et al. 1997). Loughheed et al. (1999) found evidence of substantial genetic exchange among local hibernacula (< 6 km apart), but gene flow over distances of 10s of km appears to be substantially less. Based on extensive radio-tracking data, Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead (2002) found that home range size of <i>Pantherophis </i>averaged 18.5 ha and ranged up to 93 ha; based on the most mobile individuals, <i>Pantherophis </i>from hibernacula up to 8 km apart can come together for mating. <i>Pantherophis </i>and probably other colubrids exhibit high fidelity to hibernacula and shift even to nearby sites only rarely (Prior et al. 2001). <br><br>Many of the several studies that report small home ranges for colubrids did not employ methods (e.g., radio telemetry) suitable for detecting full annual or multi-annual home range size, dispersal, or other long-distance movements, so these may have yielded underestimates of home ranges or activity areas.  <br><br>At least some colubrids, including medium-sized species such as garter snakes, not uncommonly move between areas up to a few kilometers apart, and several species make extensive movements of up to several kilometers, so separation distances of 1-2 km for suitable habitat are too small for medium-sized and large colubrids.<br><br>A separation distance of 10 km for suitable habitat was selected as most appropriate for snakes assigned to this Specs Group because it seems generally unlikely that two locations separated by less than 10 km of suitable habitat would represent distinct occurrences.<br><br>For the purposes of these occurrence specifications, upland habitat is regarded as unsuitable habitat for aquatic and wetland snakes. For upland snakes, shallow or patchy wetlands are treated as unsuitable habitat whereas large deepwater habitats (subjective determination) are barriers.","versionDate":"2013-02-12","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":"Separation distance for suitable habitat was changed from 5 km to 10 km based on comments from Dale Jackson (12 Feb 2013).","lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:05.987846Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103484,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Much of the life history needs further study.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":104964,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:24:14.632824Z"}],"references":[{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":122357,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1991. Viewpoint: a new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles. SSAR Herpetol. Review 22:42-43.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.631788Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":266628,"citation":"Crother, B. I., J. Boundy, J. A. Campbell, K. de Quieroz, D. Frost, D. M. Green, R. Highton, J. B. Iverson, R. W. McDiarmid, P. A. Meylan, T. W. Reeder, M. E. Seidel, J. W. Sites, Jr., S. G. Tilley, and D. B. Wake. 2003. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico: update. Herpetological Review 34:198-203.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother et al.","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:17.038357Z"},{"id":112661,"citation":"Dowling, H. G. 1993. Viewpoint: a reply to Collins (1991, 1992). Herpetol. Rev. 24:11-13.","shortCitationAuthor":"Dowling","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"A93DOW01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.616394Z"},{"id":1149297,"citation":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2025. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Online. Available: https://www.gbif.org/ (accessed 2025).","shortCitationAuthor":"GBIF","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"W25GBI01HQUS","lastModified":"2025-01-31T22:50:24.303678Z"},{"id":141487,"citation":"Goldberg, S. R. 1995. Reproduction in the California mountain kingsnake, <i>Lampropeltis zonata</i> (Colubridae), in southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 94(3):218-221.","shortCitationAuthor":"Goldberg","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"A95GOL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:10:15.894147Z"},{"id":175339,"citation":"Greene, H. W., and J. A. Rodriguez-Robles. 2003. Feeding ecology of the California mountain kingsnake, <i>Lampropeltis zonata</i> (Colubridae). Copeia 2003:308-314.","shortCitationAuthor":"Greene and Rodriguez-Robles","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03GRE02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:14.88948Z"},{"id":463781,"citation":"Grismer, L. L. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Baja California including its Pacific islands and islands in the Sea of Cortes.  University of California Press, Berkeley. xiii + 399 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Grismer","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02GRI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":1067068,"citation":"Myers, E. A., J. A. Rodríguez-Robles, D. F. Denardo, R. E. Staub, A. Stropoli, Sara Ruane, and F. T. Burbrink. 2013. Multilocus phylogeographic assessment of the California Mountain Kingsnake (<i>Lampropeltis zonata</i>) suggests alternative patterns of diversification for the California Floristic Province. 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Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. 250 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Washington Herp Atlas","shortCitationYear":2009,"referenceCode":"N09WAS01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-10-05T00:12:08.857757Z"},{"id":147472,"citation":"Zweiffel, R.G. 1974. <i>Lampropeltis zonata</i>. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 174.1-174.4.","shortCitationAuthor":"Zweiffel","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"A74ZWE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:10:15.894147Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144844,"name":"California mountain kingsnake","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":103484,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Colubridae","genus":"Lampropeltis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":101619,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101619","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis zonata pulchra</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis zonata pulchra","primaryCommonName":"San Diego Mountain Kingsnake","nsxUrl":null},{"infraspeciesId":106294,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106294","formattedScientificName":"<i>Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra</i>","scientificName":"Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra","primaryCommonName":"San Bernardino Mountain Kingsnake","nsxUrl":null}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103484,"reproductionComments":"Limited data indicate that mating occurs in April-May, clutch size is 2-9 (usually 4-6?), egg laying occurs in June-July (captives may lay as late as August), incubation in captivity may last 53-63 days, and hatching occurs in August-September; apparently, not all mature females breed each year (Goldberg 1995).","ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"Typical habitat of this species consists of moist open coniferous forests, oak woodlands, riparian woodland, chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and openly wooded areas where there are rocks or rotting logs (Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003). During periods of inactivity, individuals seek shelter under rocks, logs, bark, or underground.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-109597,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109598,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109599,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-109596,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102705,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. 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