{"elementGlobalId":103403,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":4,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Expertise without calculation","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by inspection","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Dallia pectoralis</i>","scientificName":"Dallia pectoralis","scientificNameAuthor":"Bean, 1880","primaryCommonName":"Alaska Blackfish","relatedItisNames":"<i>Dallia pectoralis</i> Bean, 1880 (TSN 162159)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103403","elcode":"AFCHD02010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Dallia pectoralis</i>","taxonomicComments":"The relationship of <i>Dallia</i> to other esociforms is not settled. Most classifications place <i>Dallia</i> in the Umbridae, but it has at times been classified in a separate family, the Dalliidae. External morphometry suggests that <i>Dallia</i> is more similar to pikes (genus <i>Esox</i>). Evidence from a phylogenic analysis using DNA sequencing (Lopez et al. 2000) suggests <i>Dallia </i>should be classified in the family Esocidae.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2011-11-23","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G., and T. A. Gotthardt. Reviewed by Michael Kelly, University of Alaska, Anchorage.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":166737,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":340827,"subnation":{"id":1,"nameEn":"Alaska","nameEs":"Alaska","nameFr":"Alaska","subnationCode":"AK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":340827,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":166737,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:41:42.493136Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103403/Dallia_pectoralis","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-09-13","grankReviewDate":"2011-11-23","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103403,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":35,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":40,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable (<=10% change)","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable (variación = <10%)","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable (variation = <10 %)"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Range includes lowlands of eastern Siberia, Bering Sea islands (St. Lawrence, St. Matthew, Nunivak), and Alaska Colville River Delta west and south to central Alaska Peninsula near Chignik (upstream in the Yukon-Tanana drainage almost to Fairbanks). The species has been introduced on St. Paul Island and in the Anchorage area. The range possibly is limited by lake chub, <i>Couesius plumbeus</i> (Lindsey and McPhail 1986).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but apparently quite large (greater than 100,000). This species is relatively abundant within its restricted range in Eastern Chukotka. It is abundant in lowland lakes and interconnected waterways, especially in the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta area.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No major threats are known.","shortTermTrendComments":"Trend over the past 10 years or three generations is uncertain but likely relatively stable.","longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103403,"majorHabitat":{"id":2,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Freshwater","majorHabitatDescEs":"Agua dulce","majorHabitatDescFr":"Eau douce"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Apparently does not make extensive movements; migrations appear limited to inshore or upstream movements to spawning grounds in spring and (presumably) reverse migrations to deeper water in fall (Morrow 1980).","foodHabitsComments":"Eats almost exclusively small invertebrates. Small individuals eat mostly copepods and Cladocera, shifting as they grow larger to insect larvae, snails, and rarely small fishes (Scott and Crossman 1973, Morrow 1980).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":35,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104504,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103403,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":104887,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:24:01.195074Z"}],"references":[{"id":762987,"citation":"Armstrong, R.H. 1994. Alaska Blackfish. Wildlife notebook series. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game.","shortCitationAuthor":"Armstrong","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"U94ARM61HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:01.820142Z"},{"id":763495,"citation":"Fall, J.A., M.B. Chythlook, J.C. Schichnes and J.M. Morris. 1996. An overview of the harvest and use of freshwater fish by the communities of the Bristol bay region, southwest Alaska. Technical Paper No.166. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fall et al.","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"U96FAL61HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:01.820142Z"},{"id":763709,"citation":"Gudkov, P.K. 1998. Bering Sea <i>Dallia pectoralis</i> in the Chukchi Peninsula. Journal of Ichthyology 38(2):199-203.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gudkov","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"A98GUD61HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:01.820142Z"},{"id":104497,"citation":"Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina. i-x + 854 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lee et al.","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"B80LEE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.158121Z"},{"id":764203,"citation":"Lindsey, C. and J. McPhail. 1986. Zoogeography of fishes of the Yukon and Mackenzie basins. Pages 639-674 in: C. H. Hocutt and E. O. Wiley, editors. The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lindsey and McPhail","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"A86LIN62HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:01.826905Z"},{"id":135087,"citation":"Lopez, J. A., P. Bentzen, and T. W. Pietsch. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of esocoid fishes (Teleostei) based on partial cytochrome b and 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences. Copeia 2000:420-431.","shortCitationAuthor":"Lopez et al.","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00LOP01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:47.913816Z"},{"id":764335,"citation":"McHenry, E.T., D.C. Nelson, D.A. Watsjold, A.H. Townsend, P.P. Kepler, T.T. Trent and S.W. Kubik. 1974?. Studies of introduced blackfish in waters of southcentral Alaska in annual report of performance for sport fish studies. Juneau, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game.","shortCitationAuthor":"McHenry et al.","shortCitationYear":1974,"referenceCode":"U74MCH61HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:20:01.820142Z"},{"id":175324,"citation":"Mecklenburg, C. W., T. A. Mecklenburg, and L. K. Thorsteinson. 2002. Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii + 1,037 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mecklenburg et al.","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02MEC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.079819Z"},{"id":100729,"citation":"Morrow, J.E. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, Anchorage, AK. 248 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Morrow","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"B80MOR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.079819Z"},{"id":143290,"citation":"Nelson, J. S. 1984. Fishes of the world. Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. xv + 523 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nelson","shortCitationYear":1984,"referenceCode":"B84NEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:36.945223Z"},{"id":379642,"citation":"Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nelson et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04NEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":150533,"citation":"Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 432 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page and Burr","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.158121Z"},{"id":672870,"citation":"Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page and Burr","shortCitationYear":2011,"referenceCode":"B11PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:12.158121Z"},{"id":756145,"citation":"Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"B13PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.282291Z"},{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},{"id":132833,"citation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Robins et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ROB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":118599,"citation":"Scott, W. B., and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. 966 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Scott and Crossman","shortCitationYear":1973,"referenceCode":"B73SCO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.064201Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":103403,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":1,"genusSizeDescEn":"Monotypic genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género monotípico","genusSizeDescFr":"Genre monotypique"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":9,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Fishes - Freshwater and Anadromous Bony, Cartilaginous; Lampreys","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1120},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Actinopterygii","taxorder":"Esociformes","family":"Umbridae","genus":"Dallia","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Fishes","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103403,"reproductionComments":"Spawns in spring and summer, beginning soon after ice breakup in May and continuing into July in interior Alaska. Female deposits eggs over extended period. Eggs demersal, sticky, hatch in 10 days at 12-13 C. Sexually mature at age 2+ to 3+ years.","ecologyComments":"Can breathe atmospheric oxygen and survive in poorly oxygenated water unsuitable for other fish. Usually abundant wherever it occurs. This species is the nearest freshwater fish to being endemic to Alaska; known for their hardiness and their ability to survive at low oxygen levels and partial freezing.","habitatComments":"This sluggish bottom dweller usually occurs in heavily vegetated lowland swamps and ponds, also in medium to large rivers and lakes where vegetation is abundant (Lee et al. 1980, Page and Burr 2011); it is most abundant in tundra regions but does occur in forested areas. Spawning occurs probably in swampy potholes, in vegetation at the bottom of shallow ponds and quiet streams.","generalDescription":"Small fish with an elongate body, short snout, large mouth, broad, flat head, small pelvic fins, dorsal and anal fins positioned posteriorly and large paddle-like pectoral and caudal fins. Color is typically dark green or brown dorsally, pale ventrally, irregular bars or blotches on side with dark brownish speckling throughout body and fins. Mature males have a reddish fringe along dorsal, caudal and anal fins. Male pelvic fins extend beyond the posterior edge of the anal fin (Armstrong 1994, Mecklenburg et al. 2002).<br><br>Length: Up to 35cm total length. Rarely exceeds 20cm in most areas; males slightly larger than females (Mecklenburg et al. 2002). Weight: Mature fish range from 5-90g. Varies by sex and location.","diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[{"cagRiverineHabId":-105097,"riverineHabitat":{"id":1,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"BIG RIVER","riverineHabitatDescEs":"RÍO GRANDE","riverineHabitatDescFr":"GRANDE RIVIÈRE","displayOrder":1}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-105098,"riverineHabitat":{"id":2,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"MEDIUM RIVER","riverineHabitatDescEs":"RÍO MEDIANO","riverineHabitatDescFr":"MOYENNE RIVIÈRE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-105099,"riverineHabitat":{"id":3,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"CREEK","riverineHabitatDescEs":"ARROYO","riverineHabitatDescFr":"RUISSEAU","displayOrder":3}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-105101,"riverineHabitat":{"id":7,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Low gradient","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Pendiente de bajo flujo","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Pente d’écoulement faible","displayOrder":7}},{"cagRiverineHabId":-105100,"riverineHabitat":{"id":9,"riverineHabitatDescEn":"Pool","riverineHabitatDescEs":"Piscina","riverineHabitatDescFr":"Fosse","displayOrder":9}}],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102654,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"HERBACEOUS WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL HERBÁCEO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE HERBACÉE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagPalusHabId":-102655,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":3,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"SCRUB-SHRUB WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL DE MATORRALES","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"FRUTICÉE HUMIDE","displayOrder":3}},{"cagPalusHabId":-102653,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[{"cagLacusHabId":-100783,"lacustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"lacustrineHabitatDescEn":"Shallow water","lacustrineHabitatDescEs":"Aguas poco profundas","lacustrineHabitatDescFr":"Eau peu profonde","displayOrder":2}}],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":22753,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":89,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"No known threats","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"No known threats","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":null},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":null,"threatImpactCalc":null}]}