{"elementGlobalId":103342,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":5,"iucnDescEn":"Vulnerable","iucnDescEs":"Vulnerable","iucnDescFr":"Vulnérable","iucnCode":"VU"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Malaclemys terrapin</i>","scientificName":"Malaclemys terrapin","scientificNameAuthor":"(Schoepff, 1793)","primaryCommonName":"Diamond-backed Terrapin","relatedItisNames":"<i>Malaclemys terrapin</i> (Schoepff, 1793) (TSN 173780)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103342","elcode":"ARAAD06010","conceptRefFullCitation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Malaclemys terrapin</i>","taxonomicComments":"There is a high level of individual variation in this species, and some individuals of a particular subspecies may resemble those of other subspecies. The validity of at least some subspecies is questionable (see Mount 1975, Ernst and Bury 1982, Palmer and Braswell 1995). \"In general, geographic variation is poorly defined and may be clinal\" (Ernst et al. 1994). Mitochondrial DNA genotypic diversity and divergence levels are exceptionally low among putative subspecies (Lamb and Avise 1992). In independent analyses of variation across microsatellite loci in terrapin populations, Hart et al. (2014) and Drabeck et al. (2014) both found discordance between patterns of genetic variation and those based on morphology (reflected in the current subspecies designations). Neither made recommendations for taxonomic changes, but it is clear that a range-wide analysis (with deep sampling) of both morphometrics and genetics should be a top priority. Until such an analysis is available, Crother (2017) and the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2021) continue to recognize the previously defined seven subspecies.<br/><br/>Ernst and Hartsell (2000) showed that <i>Malaclemys tuberculifera </i>Gray 1844 predates the currently used name for the mangrove diamondback terrapin, <i>Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum</i> Fowler 1906. They stated that the ICZN has been petitioned to conserve the name <i>rhizophorarum</i>.<br/><br/>McDowell (1964) concluded that the genus <i>Graptemys </i>should be included in the genus <i>Malaclemys </i>, but this arrangement has been rejected (e.g., see Dobie [1981] for information on osteological differences between the two genera). Lamb and Osentoski (1997) conducted a molecular genetic assessment and concluded that <i>Malaclemys </i>and <i>Graptemys </i>are distinct, monophyletic clades.","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2014-01-29","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jackson, D. R. (2014); Hammerson, G., and M. K. Clausen (2005)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":162672,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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Island","subnationCode":"RI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":285744,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1997,"nrank":"N4","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":162672,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:41:04.331129Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103342/Malaclemys_terrapin","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1997-02-26","grankReviewDate":"2014-01-29","grankReasons":"Range is fairly extensive along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Cape Cod to Texas, but some populations evidently are declining and population trend is unknown in many areas; incidental mortality in crab traps appears to be a major problem, as is habitat loss and degradation; better information is needed on population trend and sources of mortality in most of the range; nominal subspecies probably have little biological significance.","grank":"G4","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103342,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":6,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Narrow to moderate.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Estrecho a moderado.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"D’étroit à modéré."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":2,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Highly to moderately vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Altamente a moderadamente vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"De très à moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":34,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <50% to increase of <25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <50% a aumento de <25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <50 % à augmentation de <25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":18,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Some to very many (13 to >125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Algunos a muchos (13 a >125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup (de 13 à >125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":11,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Several to many (4-40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"De unas pocas a varias ocurrencias (4 a 40) protegidas y debidamente controladas","numberProtEosDescFr":"De quelques à plusieurs occurrences (de 4 à 40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":34,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":31,"rangeExtentDescEn":"20,000-2,500,000 square km (about 8000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"De 20.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 8.000 a 1.000.000 de millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 20 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 8 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":5,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"High","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Alto","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Cape Cod to Texas.  Subspecies CENTRATA: Restricted to brackish coastal waters (Morreale 1992) along the Atlantic Coast from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to northern Florida (Ernst et al. 1994); occurs in Florida from the southern edge of Flagler County north to the state line (Ashton and Ashton 1988).  Subspecies LITTORALIS: brackish coastal waters (Morreale 1992) along the Gulf Coast from western Louisiana to western Texas (Ernst et al. 1994); localized populations are patchily distributed along the Texas coast (A. Price, pers. comm., 1997).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"Occurrences have not been defined using consistent criteria, so the number of occurrences is uncertain. However, there are many.","popSizeComments":"Total population size is unknown but surely exceeds 100,000. In New York, one island had 2,053 nests in one year (suggesting that about 1,000 females nested there, based on two clutches per female); this is one of the largest nesting populations observed anywhere in the range (Feinberg and Burke 2003).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"One of the major threats appears to be incidental drowning in crab traps (Seigel and Gibbons 1995, Hoyle and Gibbons 2000). The combination of high site fidelity, limited dispersal, and recreational crab trapping and other human activities likely resulted in the extirpation of a population in South Carolina (Gibbons et al. 2001). In South Carolina, the average female did not survive to its estimated age at maturity, likely because of excessive mortality in crab pots (Tucker et al. 2001). Estimates of the effects of crab trapping on a Chesapeake Bay population suggest that 15-78% of a local population dies annually in shallow-water crab-trapping localities and that a population can be extirpated in 3-4 years (Roosenburg et al. 1997). Due to size differences, males are more often caught in crab traps disrupting local sex ratios (Roosenburg et al. 1997).  Crab trapping is negatively affecting populations on Little Talbot Island State Park in Florida (J. Butler, pers. comm., 1997). Drowning in crab traps has been observed in North Carolina and South Carolina, and populations have declined in areas of expanding crab fisheries in Florida and South Carolina (see Roosenburg et al. in press). Drowning has also been observed in fishing nets and trawls in the Pamlico Sound area, North Carolina (Palmer and Braswell 1995).  <br><br>Harvesting by indigenous people and the Asian population for meat is a major threat in Texas; under current Texas regulations unlimited take is allowed with a current Texas hunting or fishing license (A. Price, pers. comm., 1997).  Substantial unregulated harvest exists in Chesapeake Bay; undetermined numbers of terrapins are transported across state lines for resale in the urban Asian seafood markets in the northeastern United States, chiefly New York City. Growth of U.S. urban Asian market consumption of turtles is on the rise and expected to accelerate in the near future. <br><br>Other threats include drainage and impoundment of salt marshes, human disturbance of nesting sites (heavy human use of nesting areas could interfere with successful nesting), and changes in the flow of fresh water into estuarine systems (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). <br><br>Potential threats in need of further study include commercial harvesting for meat and pet trade, incidental kills by motor boats, road mortality (especially of nesting females), and predation on adults and eggs by raccoons and other predators (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). In New York, Feinberg and Burke (2003) documented a high level of predation on terrapin nests by introduced raccoons, plus evidence of raccoon predation on adult females as well. Also in New York, Draud et al. (2004) documented a high rate of predation on hatchlings and juveniles by Norway rats.","shortTermTrendComments":"Adequate data on population trends are not available for most of the range; in general, there may be an overall decline (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). Apparently stable or increasing in Massachusetts and New York, apparently declining in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Mississippi, trend uncertain or varies among different localities in other states (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). An apparent long-tern decline has occurred in east-central Florida (Seigel 1993), but populations in the Keys are thought to be stable (Seigel and Gibbons 1995).  Subspecies CENTRATA: Marked decline in abundance in local South Carolina populations along a creek and at Kiawah Island (J. Butler, pers. comm., 1997). Trend is unknown in Georgia (Siegel and Gibbons 1995). In North Carolina, populations in many areas continue to decline (Palmer and Braswell 1995).  Subspecies LITTORALIS: Declining in Louisiana (Siegel and Gibbons 1995). Probably declining in Texas, but adequate population information is not available (A. Price, pers. comm., 1997). Majority of range occurs along the Texas coast.","longTermTrendComments":"Declined in the late 1800s and early 1900s as a result of heavy commercial harvest; subsequent scarcity led to a decline in use and popularity; then populations increased in many areas. The decline has been primarily in abundance and less so in occupied habitat.","inventoryNeeds":"Determine current distribution and abundance.","numberProtEosComments":"Subspecies CENTRATA: Probably at least a dozen or so occurrences are protected in North Carolina. In Florida occurs on Little Talbot State Park, where crab trapping is a problem; a seasonal trapping restriction may be necessary for protection (J. Butler, pers. comm., 1997).","protectionNeeds":"Many populations may merit protected status (or at least regulated game status) in states where such protection is not already provided (Seigel and Gibbons 1995).","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":"Inhabits a relatively narrow strip of coastal habitat, but given that the range extends from Massachusetts, around southern Florida, and to Texas, there is considerable variation within types of communities in which the species occurs."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103342,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats mainly marine clams, snails, worms, crabs; scavenges and takes live food (Ernst and Barbour 1972). High tides permit aquatic foraging in upper salt marsh (Tucker et al. 1995).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":24,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":102383,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":102384,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104447,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1531,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Diamond-backed Terrapins","subtypes":"Nesting Area","inferredExtentDistance":1.0,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Causeway or levee or dike with a busy highway such that (1) there is no way for terrapins to cross without traversing the road surface and (2) terrapins rarely if ever successfully cross to the other side .","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":"Separation distance for suitable habitat: 10 km. Separation distance for unsuitable habitat: 1 km. However, for convenience, nesting populations on separate islands or mainland areas can be treated as distinct occurrences, regardless of their proximity to other islands or to mainland.","separationJustification":"For the purposes of these occurrence specifications, suitable habitat includes salt marshes, partially vegetated or unvegetated sand dunes, and adjacent shallow tidal waters and open upland areas suitable for successful nesting. Unsuitable habitat includes shorelines that include other upland habitats (including rocky shorelines and urbanized areas) bordered by deep-water habitats lacking marshes. Note that urbanized land does not separate populations between which there is continuous marshy estuarine habitat. Barrier criteria are subjective.<br /><br />Diamondback terrapins generally nest a short distance from the water. In Rhode Island, nesting terrapins walked up steep inclines, through thick vegetation, and some traveled more than 500 m (straight line distance from water was less than this) while searching for a nest site (Goodwin 1994). On Cape Cod, Massachusetts, nesting terrapins moved on land up to 1600 m to reach nesting sites (Auger and Giovannone 1979). In New Jersey, a nesting area was about 150 m from a cove (Burger and Montevecchi 1975). In Maryland, Roosenburg (1992) recorded nesting excursions of less than 10 m. In Florida, Seigel (1980) found terrapins nesting on dikes an unspecified distance from adjacent lagoonal waters. Overall, movements on land extend no more than 1 km from the nearest aquatic habitat and typically are within a few hundred meters from water.<br /><br />In a South Carolina salt marsh, Lovich and Gibbons (1990) found that only six terrapins moved as much as 100-200 m, despite a sample size of 414 marked turtles and 588 total captures. Tucker et al. (2001) and Gibbons et al. (2001) further documented the limited dispersal of these turtles; only a few percent of the individuals moved between adjacent tidal creeks. Subsequent study of a small sample of terrapins yielded an average movement distance of 276 m in five hours (Ernst et al. 1994).<br /><br />Little information is available on the distance between nesting sites and an individual's aquatic foraging habitat. In Delaware, one female nested about 8 km from the area in which she was originally captured and tagged (Hurd et al. 1979), suggesting that home ranges that encompass all life history functions sometimes could be on the order of at least 10 km in greatest dimension.","versionDate":"2001-04-23","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2021-10-02T17:07:04.59432Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103342,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"Management should focus on protecting adults and older juveniles from excessive mortality, especially incidental deaths in crab traps. In addition, adequate nesting and feeding habitat needs to be maintained and protected from excessive disturbance.","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":"Many populations eventually rebounded when excessive harvest of adults for human food ceased.","siteConservationPlansConsidered":"Preserves should encompass, in close proximity, adequate habitat for both nesting and feeding.","managementMethods":"Immediate efforts should be made to reduce incidental killing in crab traps; excluder devices have been developed by Roger C. Wood (Stockton State College, Pomona, NJ 08240) (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). See Roosenburg et al. (1997) and Hoyle and Gibbons (2000) for information on trap modifications that might reduce mortality. See also Cole and Helser (2001) for information on bycatch reduction devices. <br><br>See Lovich et al. (1991) for information on the behavior of artificially incubated hatchlings released in a South Carolina salt marsh.","monitoringMethods":"Better survey data are needed throughout the range; surveys should use multiple methods to ensure reasonable sampling representation of both sexes and all size/age classes; the exact methods will vary from region to region; surveys should be repeated at appropriate intervals (a single year is not considered sufficient) (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). <br><br>See Morreale (1992) for information on the effectiveness of various capture methods (snorkling, SCUBA diving, trapping, seining, trawling).","managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":"The following topics are in need of further study: demography, genetics, habitat use, movement patterns, home range, ecology of juveniles, life history (based on long-term studies), subspecific taxonomy, and behavioral ecology (Seigel and Gibbons 1995). Also, better information is needed on the extent of mortality in crab traps and on natural mortality rates, and the present extent of habitat suitable for nesting and feeding needs to be determined (Seigel and Gibbons 1995).","biologicalResearchNeeds":"Determine extent of mortality in crab traps and natural mortality rates. Estimate loss of nesting areas and feeding habitat.","additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":104826,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:23:50.616831Z"}],"references":[{"id":153444,"citation":"Ashton, R. E., Jr., and P. S. Ashton. 1985. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part two. Lizards, turtles & crocodilians. 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Eggs hatch in 9-15 weeks depending on temperature. Hatchlings may emerge from nest in late summer or fall or overwinter in nest. In New Jersey, most hatchlings emerge from the nest in the daytime, 1-9 days after hatching. Sexually mature in about 3-6 years in South Carolina (Lovich and Gibbons 1990); males in 2-3 years, females in 4-5 years on the Atlantic coast of Florida (Seigel 1984).","ecologyComments":"Densities of 53/ha and 73/ha were recorded in two areas on the Atlantic coast of Florida; these estimates were judged to be possibly somewhat inflated (Seigel 1984). In New York, Morreale (1992) recorded conservative estimates of 344 terrapins in approximately 200 ha and 341 in 12 ha. Juveniles generally are very infrequently recorded in population surveys.<br/><br/>Barnacle infestations on shell may interfere with nesting or cause fatal injuries (Seigel 1983).<br/><br/>In South Carolina, annual survival rates of adult females in different creeks ranged from 0.748 to 0.971 (Tucker et al. 2001). In New Jersey, egg survivorship to hatching was 0.23 (Burger 1977). In Rhode Island, mammalian predators destroyed most monitored nests (Goodwin 1994).<br/><br/>In South Carolina, most individuals showed high site fidelity and remained in the same creek from year to year, although similar creeks were nearby (Gibbons et al. 2001).","habitatComments":"Coastal marshes, tidal flats, coves, estuaries, and lagoons behind barrier beaches; brackish and salt water (but basically retricted to estuarine situations; intolerant of long-term exposure to freshwater or 100% salt water). Burrows into mud when inactive (Ernst and Barbour 1972); in Virginia, has been observed hibernating in moist sand 8 m from the high tide mark. May venture into grassy lowlands at high tide (Ashton and Ashton 1985). Hatchlings move to the closest terrestrial vegetation after emergence from nest. Small individuals may use cover of tidal wrack and dense mats of vegetation (Lovich et al. 1991). In Maryland, adult females moved farther from shore and spent more time in deeper water than did males, and juveniles remained near shore in shallow water (Roosenburg et al. 1999).<br/><br/>Eggs are laid in a nest dug in sandy marsh edge, offshore island, or dune (vegetated or unvegetated), above high tide mark (e.g., see Feinberg and Burke 2003). Nests of different females may be dispersed or aggregated.","generalDescription":"Carapace keeled (most conspicuous along Gulf Coast), gray to brown to black, with deep concentric growth rings on each scute; plastron unhinged, yellowish to greenish, with dark flecks or blotches; head and neck gray, with black spots or blotches; jaws have smooth broad crushing surfaces inside margins; carapace length usually 10-14 cm in adult males, 15-24 cm in adult females; 2.5-3.2 cm at hatching (Behler and King 1979, Conant and Collins 1991).","diagnosticCharacteristics":"Differs from the snapping turtle in having conspicuous black spots on the head and neck and in lacking a long tail with a saw-toothed middorsal margin. Differs from mud turtles in lacking a hinged plastron. Differs from the wood turtle in habitat and in lacking orange on the neck and limbs.","speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-109373,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":16,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Sand/dune","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Arena/duna","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Dune","displayOrder":18}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101073,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":1,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Bay/sound","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Bahía/Estrecho","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Baie/détroit","displayOrder":1}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101074,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":2,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"River mouth/tidal river","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Desembocadura del río/río de marea","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Embouchure/rivière à marées","displayOrder":2}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101075,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":3,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Lagoon","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Laguna","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Lagune","displayOrder":3}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101076,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":4,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Tidal flat/shore","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Marea plana/orilla","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Replat de marée/rivage","displayOrder":4}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-101077,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":5,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Herbaceous wetland","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Humedal herbáceo","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Terre humide herbacée","displayOrder":5}}]},"primaryReference":{"id":1107320,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) [Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}