{"elementGlobalId":103278,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Onychoprion anaethetus</i>","scientificName":"Onychoprion anaethetus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Scopoli, 1786)","primaryCommonName":"Bridled Tern","relatedItisNames":"<i>Sterna anaethetus</i> Scopoli, 1786 (TSN 176897)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103278","elcode":"ABNNM08140","conceptRefFullCitation":"American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. [as modified by subsequent supplements and corrections published in <i>The Auk</i>]. Also available online: http://www.aou.org/.","conceptName":"<i>Sterna anaethetus</i>","taxonomicComments":"Formerly (AOU 1983, 1998) included in the genus <i>Sterna </i>but separated on the basis of genetic data that correspond to plumage patterns (Bridge et al. 2005).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2014-09-25","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jue, Dean K.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164208,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N1B,N3N","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":284439,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1N,S2N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1N,S2N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":284439,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":297119,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":297119,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":362336,"subnation":{"id":11,"nameEn":"Delaware","nameEs":"Delaware","nameFr":"Delaware","subnationCode":"DE","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":362336,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":295263,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNRN","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNRN","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":295263,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":285747,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":285747,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":281558,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3N","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3N","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":281558,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":342207,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNRN","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNRN","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":342207,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1997,"nrank":"N1B,N3N","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":164208,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:41:35.900149Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103278/Onychoprion_anaethetus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-11-27","grankReviewDate":"2014-09-25","grankReasons":"Numbers are still largeon a global scale.","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103278,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":8,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Moderate.  Generalist or community with some key requirements scarce.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Moderado.  Generalista o comunidad con algunos requisitos claves escasos.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Modéré. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à certains critères clés sont rares."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":5,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable to not intrinsically vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable a no intrínsecamente vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"De moyennement à non intrinsèquement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":46,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","longTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","longTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":18,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Some to very many (13 to >125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Algunos a muchos (13 a >125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup (de 13 à >125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":14,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Many to very many (13 to >40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"De varios a muchos casos (13 a >40) adecuadamente protegidos y controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup d’occurrences (de 13 à >40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":35,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":46,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Unknown","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Desconocido","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Inconnu"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"BREEDING: off northwestern Costa Rica and possibly Panama; Formosa to Australia; Bahamas (Sprunt 1984); Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico (Mona [erroneous? van Halewyn and Norton 1984], Desecheo, off Culebra, elsewhere?); Virgin Islands; Lesser Antilles; Belize; off Venezuela; off Mauritania; Gulf of Guinea; Indian Ocean islands. Nested on Pelican Shoal (near Boca Chica Key), Monroe County, Florida, in late 1980s/early 1990s (Hoffman et al. 1993, Am. Birds 47:379-381). NON-BREEDING: at sea in Pacific off Middle America, and widely in western Pacific; in Atlantic-Caribbean region widely in West Indies, north along southeastern U.S., especially after storms, rarely along northern coast of Venezuela; Indian Ocean (AOU 1983).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Being a pelagic species, the 500,000+ birds should easily occupy over 20,000 square kilometers.","numberEosComments":"This spepcies is found in tropical oceans around the world near the equator.  With an estimated population of between 600,000 and 1.5 million individuals, there should be at least 81 element occurrences and probably more (Birdlife International, 2014).  ","popSizeComments":"Birdlife International (2014) puts the population estimate as being from 600,000 individulas to 1.5 millioin.","viabilityComments":"An estimate based on worldwide population estimates.","threatImpactComments":"species is vulnerable to effects of oil spills and highly vulnerable to accidnetal introduciton of domestic cats or rats to offshore breeding islands Birdlife International, 2014).  Its eggs are still harvested in the Bahamas and West Indies and some Pacific Islands (Birdlife International, 2014).  ","shortTermTrendComments":"Birdlife International states that the overall poulation trend is uncertain (2014) because some populations are decreasing while others are increasing or have unknown trends.","longTermTrendComments":"Haney, lee, and Morris (1999) note that  some West Indies pouplations have fluctuated widely since the 1970's and at least some colonies have increasedin size, established new colonies, or expanded their range from the 1980's through the mid-1990's.  But this is still far from being able to assign a global trend to the data.","inventoryNeeds":"Inventories of the size and locaton of breeding colonies need to be updated and perhaps census annuallyi to monitor population trends (Haney, Lee, and Morris, 1999).","numberProtEosComments":"an estimate  ","protectionNeeds":"Breeding populations in the western hemisphere are small and remain vulnerable to coastal development, so protection of known breeding colonies for this species is needed (Haney, Lee, and Morris, 1999).","otherConsiderations":"None","intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Requires oceanic islands or areas far from human factors.  This species is probably not intrinsically vulnerable on island distant from human habitations but become moderately vulnerable as human populations encroach on its remote breeding grounds.","enviromentalSpecificityComments":"Requires oceanic islands free of ground predators."},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103278,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":true,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Dives or swoops to pluck small fishes, crustaceans, squids, or marine water-striders from surface (Stiles and Skutch 1989).","animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":true,"length":38,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104383,"foodHabits":{"id":2,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescFr":"Piscivore","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":104384,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1045,"locationUseClass":{"id":2,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Breeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"En reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Reproduction","displayOrder":2},"eoSpecGroupName":"Colonial Seabirds","subtypes":"Breeding Colony, Foraging Area","inferredExtentDistance":2.0,"inferredExtentNotes":"Somewhat arbitrary, but generally very conservative for this group, many members of which travel long distances to foraging grounds.","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical breeding , or current and likely recurring breeding, at a given location, minimally a reliable observation of one or more breeding pairs in appropriate habitat. 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Instead, the separation distance is arbitrarily small such that occurrences are of of practical size for data management purposes. <br><br>Evidence from a number of species of seabirds indicates that even though the 'home ranges' of individual nesting seabirds may be immense when foraging trips are taken into account, little movement or feeding overlap may occur between nearby colonies. For example, Thick-billed Murres may commute up to 170 kilometers one way on a feeding trip from the colony, but birds from a colony only 8 kilometers away may forage in a completely different direction; even birds from different sub-colonies only 1.5 kilometers apart mostly fed in completely separate areas (Gaston and Hipfner 2000).  <br><br>Most seabirds have strong breeding site fidelity; e.g., Thick-billed Murres (Gaston and Hipfner 2000, Gaston et al. 1994), Gray-backed Tern (Mostello et al. 2000), Red-footed Booby (Schreiber et al. 1996).","versionDate":"2004-10-20","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S., and G. 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Be cautious about creating EOs for observations that may represent single events.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"None.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":10.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Separation distance arbitrary; defined this small to aid in conservation planning. Sites more than 10 kilometers apart may be joined as one occurrence if research shows that predominantly the same individuals are using both sites.","versionDate":"2001-03-07","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:04:14.425472Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103278,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":"Expand scope of banding studies to clarify demographic trends, reproductive success, and adult survivorshiip.  Diet, breeding, and population status of Bridled Terns remain porrly studied in the Western Hemisphere (Haney, Lee, and Morris, 1999).  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