{"elementGlobalId":103147,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":null,"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Zaprora silenus</i>","scientificName":"Zaprora silenus","scientificNameAuthor":"Jordan, 1896","primaryCommonName":"Prowfish","relatedItisNames":"<i>Zaprora silenus</i> Jordan, 1896 (TSN 171659)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103147","elcode":"AFCSH01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Zaprora silenus</i>","taxonomicComments":"Current taxonomy distinguishes <i>Zaprora silenus</i> as the only species and the only genus in the family Zaproridae (Jordan and Evermann 1898, Mecklenburg 2003, Smith et al. 2004). The relationship of this family to other fishes has been problematic; McAllister and Krejsa (1961) classified the prowfishes in the superfamily Stichaeoidae (northern blennioids) and suggested that they are most closely related to the Stichaeidae (pricklebacks). Following McAllister and Kresja (1961), Nelson (1984) classified the Zaproridae in the suborder Zoarcoidei, an expanded group of northern blennylike fishes; however, no further work has been done to elucidate the relationships of <i>Zaprora</i> within the suborder Zoarcoidei (Mecklenburg 2003).","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2008-01-25","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":738195,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":38,"nameEn":"Canada","nameEs":"Canadá","nameFr":"Canada","isoCode":"CA","region":"Canada"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":789012,"subnation":{"id":61,"nameEn":"British Columbia","nameEs":"Columbia Británica","nameFr":"Colombie-Britannique","subnationCode":"BC","dnationId":38},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":789012,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":2024,"nrank":"N4","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":738195,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementNationalId":814244,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":814251,"subnation":{"id":1,"nameEn":"Alaska","nameEs":"Alaska","nameFr":"Alaska","subnationCode":"AK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":814251,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":814244,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:40:32.871141Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103147/Zaprora_silenus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2005-12-13","grankReviewDate":"2008-01-25","grankReasons":"Population abundance and trends are unknown; low occurrence in trawl data may simply indicate that habitat is poorly sampled by bottom trawls. Widespread coastal distribution; known centers of greatest abundance in the eastern North Pacific are in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska. Degree of bycatch in commercial fisheries is unknown but of potential concern.","grank":"G4G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":103147,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":null,"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"North Pacific: Bering Sea south to San Miguel Island, California and Hokkaido, Japan including the Okhotsk Sea (Allen and Smith 1988, Mecklenburg et al. 2002).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"This species has been observed infrequently despite numerous and extensive trawl surveys that included thousands of net deployments off Alaska and the west coast of North America. It is unclear whether these results indicate low abundance or a preference for habitat that is poorly sampled by bottom trawls (i.e., rough, rocky substrate or steep bottom gradients; Smith et al. 2004). This species is most abundant in research bottom trawl catches close to the break between the continental shelf and upper continental slope near 200 meters depth (Smith et al. 2004). In Alaska, the highest densities were recorded near the Aleutian Islands (average CPUE = 65.1 prowfish/km²), lower in the Gulf of Alaska (average CPUE = 6.7 prowfish/km²; Smith et al. 2004), Bering Sea (average = 0.01 prowfish/1,000 m³; Brodeur 1998), and Kachemak Bay (CPUE of 0.01 prowfish/km²; Abookire et al. 2001).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":null,"shortTermTrendComments":"Unknown.","longTermTrendComments":"Unknown.","inventoryNeeds":"Bycatch in commercial fisheries should be monitored.  Range-wide population is unknown; directed surveys are needed at index locations and elsewhere to estimate abundance and monitor trends.","numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":103147,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":103147,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":104635,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:23:21.553882Z"}],"references":[{"id":621360,"citation":"Abookire, A.A., J.F. Piatt, and B.L. Norcross. 2001. Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 8:45-56.","shortCitationAuthor":"Abookire et al.","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01ABO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:19:24.826256Z"},{"id":762944,"citation":"Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith. 1988. Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Report 66. Seattle, WA. 151 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Allen and Smith","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"U88ALL61HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:24.181984Z"},{"id":621361,"citation":"Brodeur, R.D. 1998. <i>In situ </i>observations of the association between juvenile fishes and scyphomedusae in the Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 163:11-20.","shortCitationAuthor":"Brodeur","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"A98BRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:19:24.826256Z"},{"id":621353,"citation":"Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann. 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. No. 47. ","shortCitationAuthor":"Jordan and Evermann","shortCitationYear":1898,"referenceCode":"B98JOR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:19:24.826256Z"},{"id":621354,"citation":"McAllister, D.E., and R.J. Krejsa. 1961. Placement of the prowfishes, Zaproridae, in the superfamily Stichaeoidae. Natural History Papers of the National Museum of Canada No. II: 1-4. Ottawa, ONT. ","shortCitationAuthor":"McAllister and Krejsa","shortCitationYear":1961,"referenceCode":"A61MCA02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:19:24.826256Z"},{"id":621352,"citation":"Mecklenburg, C.W. 2003. Family Pholidae Gill 1893. California Academy of Sciences annotated checklists of fishes, No. 9. ","shortCitationAuthor":"Mecklenburg","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"B03MEC02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:19:24.826256Z"},{"id":175324,"citation":"Mecklenburg, C. W., T. A. Mecklenburg, and L. K. Thorsteinson. 2002. Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii + 1,037 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mecklenburg et al.","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"B02MEC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.079819Z"},{"id":379642,"citation":"Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nelson et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04NEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":756145,"citation":"Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"B13PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.282291Z"},{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},{"id":132833,"citation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Robins et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ROB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":621355,"citation":"Smith, K.R., D.A. Somerton, M-S. Yang, and D.G. Nichol. 2004. Distribution and biology of prowfish (<i>Zaprora silenus</i>) in the northeast Pacific. Fish. Bull. 102:168-178. 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M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}