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Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Reeder","shortCitationYear":1993,"referenceCode":"B93WIL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:17.880059Z"},{"id":138611,"citation":"Wilson, D. E., and S. Ruff. 1999. The Smithsonian book of North American mammals. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 750 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Wilson and Ruff","shortCitationYear":1999,"referenceCode":"B99WIL01NACA","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.647505Z"},{"id":111598,"citation":"Windberg, L. A. 1995. Demography of a high-density coyote population. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:942-954.","shortCitationAuthor":"Windberg","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"A95WIN02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:13.9502Z"},{"id":109250,"citation":"Young, S.P. and H.H.T. Jackson. 1951. The clever coyote. Part l. its history, life habits, economic status and control. Part ll. classification of the races of the coyote.Wash. 411 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Young and Jackson","shortCitationYear":1951,"referenceCode":"B51YOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:13.9502Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":136158,"name":"Coyote","language":"FR"},{"id":101993,"name":"Coyote","language":"ES"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":102680,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":6,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Mammals","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1090},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Mammalia","taxorder":"Carnivora","family":"Canidae","genus":"Canis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Mammals","caGeneralStatusId":"GS001471"},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":102680,"reproductionComments":"Mates in late winter. Gestation lasts 60-65 days. Litter size averages 4-7 in different areas. Young are born March-May. Both parents tend young. Family leaves den when young 8-10 weeks old. Young are on their own by late fall. Sexually mature in 1-2 years. Interbreeds freely with domestic dog.","ecologyComments":"Population density generally is around 0.2-1.0 per sq km, though seasonally higher densities have been recorded in Texas. (Knowlton 1972). Most of the population usually is less than 3 years old. <br><br>In the north, populations may increase when wolf population is low, decrease when wolf population increases. <br><br>In Texas, \"interactions between social organization and food availability were implicated in regulation of [a]...lightly exploited high-density population\" (Windberg 1995). <br><br>In the prairie pothole region, the presence of low numbers of coyotes may benefit ducks by excluding the more destructive red fox (NBS news release, 29 June 1994).","habitatComments":"Found in a wide range of habitats in its extensive range, from open prairies of the west to the heavily forested regions of the Northeast. In cities in some areas. <br><br>Examples of some recent habitat studies: In northern Vermont, preferred hardwood forests in winter and spring, farmland in summer and fall (Person and Hirth 1991). In British Columbia, preferred dense spruce forest and/or areas where snowshoe hare was abundant (Murray et al. 1994). <br><br>Young are born in a den usually in a burrow (enlarged burrow of other mammal or dug by female), with the opening often oriented toward the south. Dens also may be above ground (e.g., at base of tree under low, overhanging branches; in hollow log or rock crevice), or under building. 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Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.13) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10595931. Online. Available: https://www.mammaldiversity.org/","shortCitationAuthor":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM)","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"W25ASM01NAUS","lastModified":"2025-04-04T21:45:15.526109Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}