{"elementGlobalId":102656,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":7,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":" Rank calculation - Biotics v2","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by calculator","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Sylvilagus idahoensis</i>","scientificName":"Sylvilagus idahoensis","scientificNameAuthor":"(Merriam, 1891)","primaryCommonName":"Pygmy Rabbit","relatedItisNames":"<i>Brachylagus idahoensis</i> (Merriam, 1891) (TSN 552521)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102656","elcode":"AMAEB04010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. xviii + 1206 pp. Available online at: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/.","conceptName":"<i>Brachylagus idahoensis</i>","taxonomicComments":"Originally described as <i>Lepus idahoensis</i>. Included in genus <i>Sylvilagus</i> (see Diersing 1984) but transferred to <i>Brachylagus</i> by Jones et al. (1992) and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 1993). Cano-Sánchez et al. (2022) returned <i>Brachylagus idahoensis</i> into synonymy with <i>Sylvilagus</i>.<br/><br/>The Washington State (Columbia Basin) population is genetically distinct from the remainder of the species, and is believed to have been isolated for at least 10,000 years, perhaps much longer (USFWS 2001).","roundedGRank":"G4","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2024-07-01","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hunting, K.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164361,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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species still occupies a relatively large range in the Great Basin and Intermountain region of western North America although that range has decreased as shrub-steppe habitats have been lost and degraded because of fire, grazing, invasion of exotic annuals, and agricultural conversion.","grankReviewDate":"2024-07-01","grank":"G4","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":102656,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":25,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 50-70%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 50 al 70%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 50 à 70 %"},"numberEos":{"id":17,"numberEosDescEn":"Unknown","numberEosDescEs":"Desconocido","numberEosDescFr":"Inconnu"},"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":37,"popSizeDescEn":"Unknown","popSizeDescEs":"Desconocido","popSizeDescFr":"Inconnu"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":36,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of 10-30%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución del 10 al 30%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de 10 à 30 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":5,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"High","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Alto","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"This species occurs from central and southern Oregon and eastern California discontinuously east through southern Idaho, southwestern Montana, and south-central Wyoming south into northwestern Colorado, and west through southwestern Utah and central Nevada, USA. The range extent of this species was estimated at about 700,000 km2 based upon habitat suitability modeling and observations (USGS 2018).","areaOfOccupancy":{"id":97,"areaOfOccupancyType":{"id":4,"areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEn":"4-km2 grid cells","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescEs":"Células de la cuadrícula de 4 km2","areaOfOccupancyTypeDescFr":"Cellules de grille de 4 km2"},"areaOfOccupancyDescEn":"2,501-12,500","areaOfOccupancyDescEs":"De 2.501 a 12.500","areaOfOccupancyDescFr":"De 2 501 à 12 500","bioticsKey":44},"areaOfOccupancyComments":"Based on habitat suitability models informed by extensive recent (> year 2000) observation and detection records (n>10,000), Smith et al (2019) estimated a Minimum Occupancy Area of 28,367 km2 (about 7,100 4 km2 grid cells).","numberEosComments":"The number of occurrences of this species is unknown.","popSizeComments":"The population size of this species is unknown.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"The primary threat to this species is loss of sagebrush steppe habitat to a variety of anthropogenic land uses. Loss to agricultural development is considered a threat in Idaho (Roberts 2003). Loss of sagebrush steppe habitat to livestock grazing and invasive plants are considered threats in Utah (Utah Division of Wildlife Resources 2019) and Wyoming (Keinath and McGee 2004) where energy production is also identified as a threat. In some parts of this species range, loss of habitat to urban uses is also a threat. Frequent intense fires likely exacerbated by climate change are also considered a threat to this species. Since the early 1980’s over 26 million acres of sagebrush habitat has burned representing about 15% of habitat for this species (Western Watersheds Project 2023). Replacement or invasion of sagebrush by cheatgrass (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>) has been extensive and reduces habitat suitability for this species and increases the frequency of losses to fire. Extensive grazing has also reduced the extent and quality of habitat for this species across its range by reducing the extent and availability of grasses and forbs consumed by this species. Existing and planned oil and gas development has eliminated and degraded through fragmentation sagebrush habitat for this species especially in Wyoming where about 42% of habitat for this species affected by oil and gas development (Western Watersheds Project 2023).","shortTermTrendComments":"The short-term trend of this species is unknown but likely reflects decline. Populations throughout this species range have declined in the short-term (Dobler and Dixon 1990) and in some locations populations are threatened with extirpation (see USFWS 2012). In some parts of this species range populations appear to be stable while in others they are clearly declining. However, given the nature and degree of on-going threats and most states designations as Species of Greatest Conservation Need based upon these threats, short-term range wide declines are likely.","longTermTrendComments":"The long-term trend of this species reflects decline. Larrucea and Brussard (2008) evaluated sites occupied by this species prior to 1950 and noted reduced use (61% currently unoccupied) presumed to be associated reduced habitat suitability from fire and invasive species, and habitat loss from conversion to agricultural and urban uses. In California, this species range has been reduced over historical levels (Collins 2013), 20% of habitat for this species has been lost to agricultural conversion in Idaho (Roberts 2013). Overall, the sagebrush biome, upon which this species depends, has been reduced by 50% since European settlement of the west (Doherty et al 2022).","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":"Protection of sagebrush, particularly on floodplains and where high water tables allow growth of tall, dense stands, is vital to the survival of pygmy rabbits (Flath 1994).<br/>","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":102656,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"In southwestern Wyoming, winter home range size was 548-18,464 sq m (mean 2568 sq m and 10,204 sq m in two different years) (Katzner and Parker 1997). <br/><br/>In Washington, mean home range size was 0.7 hectares in males. 0.3 hectares in females; a small number had much larger home ranges; 95 percent of males had home ranges smaller than or equal to 20.2 hectares (Gahr 1993).","foodHabitsComments":"Big sagebrush is the primary food source, particularly in winter, but grasses (particularly native bunch-grasses, such as Agropyron spp. and Poa spp.) and forbs also are eaten in spring and summer (Green and Flinders 1980, Lyman 1991).","animalPhenologyComments":"Activity occurs throughout the year. Pygmy rabbits may be active at any time of day or night, but most activity is crepuscular.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":29,"width":null,"weight":458,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":101961,"animalPhenology":{"id":2,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Circadian","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Circadiano","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Circadien","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":101962,"animalPhenology":{"id":5,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Crepuscular","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Crépusculaire","displayOrder":5},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103650,"foodHabits":{"id":4,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Herbivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Herbívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Herbivore","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1287,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.1,"inferredExtentNotes":"Based on an average male home range of 0.7 hectares (Gahr 1993).","minimumEoCriteria":"Evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals in appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Where occurrence is fragmented into two or more pieces by unsuitable habitat that are less than 1 km apart, separate polygons should be drawn around each piece of occupied habitat.","separationBarriers":"Barriers include steep rock escarpments, wide rivers that do not freeze, and urban development. Quantitative measures for barriers are not available; treatment of these features as barriers is a subjective determination.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":5.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":10.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Green and Flinders (1979) reported that a juvenile returned to its capture site after being displaced 2.5 km. Hence, dispersal likely extends at least a few kilometers.<br><br>Preliminary data indicate that juveniles regularly disperse a few to several kilometers (up to at least 11.8 km); average natal dispersal distances for males and females were 1.7 km and 4.7 km, respectively (Wendy Estes-Zumpf, University of Idaho, unpublished data).<br><br>Unsuitable habitat includes essentially any habitat lacking sagebrush, especially habitats such as closed-canopy forest, pasture, cultivated fields, and grassland.","versionDate":"2004-10-19","versionAuthor":"Cannings, S., G. Hammerson, and Bill Bosworth","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:18:10.872162Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":102656,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":"This species is considered sagebrush dependent therefore the substantial sagebrush conservation and restoration efforts in the western U.S. are presumed to benefit it. Nearly $10 million (US) has been invested in over 50 projects in the last decade to conserve and restore this habitat type (USFWS 2024). Due to documented isolation of Washington State populations, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife initiated a captive breeding and reintroduction program in that state (Wisniewski and Becker 2014).","impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"In 2002, an experimental reintroduction of 20 captive-reared Great Basin pygmy rabbits was conducted in Idaho. Four of the 20 rabbits survived the winter and successfully bred in the wild in 2003 (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife).","monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":104162,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:22:06.224617Z"}],"references":[{"id":1151804,"citation":"American Society of Mammalogists (ASM). 2025. 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