{"elementGlobalId":102194,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Indotyphlops braminus</i>","scientificName":"Indotyphlops braminus","scientificNameAuthor":"(Daudin 1803)","primaryCommonName":"Brahminy Blindsnake","relatedItisNames":"<i>Ramphotyphlops braminus</i> (Daudin, 1803) (TSN 174341)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102194","elcode":"ARADG01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of the Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 79 pp. ","conceptName":"<i>Ramphotyphlops braminus</i>","taxonomicComments":"Included in genus <i>Typhlops </i>prior to 1966. Placed in genus <i>Typhlina </i>by some authors after 1966; generic name <i>Typhlina </i>has been officially suppressed by the ICZN. Previously classified in the genus <i>Ramphotyphlops </i>but placed in the genus <i>Indotyphlops </i>by Hedges et al. (2014).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2006-08-28","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":164399,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNA","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":402389,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":402389,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":338352,"subnation":{"id":24,"nameEn":"Massachusetts","nameEs":"Massachusetts","nameFr":"Massachusetts","subnationCode":"MA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":338352,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":374987,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":374987,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":349936,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":349936,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":397794,"subnation":{"id":16,"nameEn":"Hawaii","nameEs":"Hawai","nameFr":"Hawaï","subnationCode":"HI","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":397794,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}},{"elementSubnationalId":1146367,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNA","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNA","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1146367,"hybrid":false,"exotic":true,"native":false}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"NNA","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":164399,"exotic":true,"native":false}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:38:14.561843Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102194/Indotyphlops_braminus","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-31","grankReviewDate":"2006-08-28","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":102194,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":null,"longTermTrend":{"id":45,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Increase of >25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Aumento de >25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Augmentation de >25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":21,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Very many (>125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Muchos (>125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"Beaucoup (>125)"},"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":{"id":35,"popSizeDescEn":"100,000 to >1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 100.000 a >1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 100 000 à >1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":35,"rangeExtentDescEn":">2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":">2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (más ","rangeExtentDescFr":">2 500 000 km carrés (plus de 1 000 000 miles carrés)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":41,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Relatively Stable to increase of <25%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Relativamente estable a un aumento de <25%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Relativement stable à augmentation de <25 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":10,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Low","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Bajo","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Faible"},"rangeExtentComments":"The native range includes the Phillipines and southeastern Asia. This snake has been introduced on all major islands of Hawaii and on other islands of Oceania; first recorded in Hawaii in 1930, imported from Phillipines with potted palm trees planted at Kamehameha School (McKeown 1978). It has been introduced also in Florida (Ashton and Ashton 1991; 1990, Herpetol. Rev. 21:41; Crawford and Somma, 1993, Herpetol. Rev. 24:68; Meshaka, 1994, Herpetol. Rev. 25:34; Watkins-Colwell and Watkins-Colwell, 1995, Herpetol. Rev. 26:210; Townsend et al., 2002, Herpetol. Rev. 33:75; Hennessy and Martin, 2004, Herpetol. Rev. 35:193; Grace and Van Dyke, 2004, Herpetol. Rev. 35:293-294; Krysko et al. 2005), Louisiana (Thomas,1994, Herpetol. Rev. 25:34), Virginia (Savitsky et al. 2002), California, several areas in Mexico (Ashton and Ashton 1991; 1993, Herpetol. Rev. 24:110; Herpetol. Rev. 25:34), Grand Cayman Island (Echternacht and Burton, 2003, Herpetol. Rev. 34:265-266), and in Egypt (Baha El Din 2001). It has been recorded also and apparently is established in Boston, Massachusetts (Wallach et al., 1991, Herpetol. Rev. 22:68; Jones et al., 1995, Herpetol. Rev. 26:210-211).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This species is represented by a large number of occurrences (subpopulations).","popSizeComments":"Adult population size is unknown but certainly exceeds 100,000. This snake is common in various tropical localities.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"No major threats are known.","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"Extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, number of subpopulations, and population size have increased as a result of inadvertent introductions around the world.","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":102194,"majorHabitat":{"id":3,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Terrestrial","majorHabitatDescEs":"Terrestre","majorHabitatDescFr":"Terrestre"},"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Eats termites, insect larvae, and other soft-bodied insects (McKeown 1978).","animalPhenologyComments":"Surface activity (not under cover) may occur after heavy rainfall (Cagle 1946).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":20,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103248,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1236,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Threadsnakes and Blindsnakes","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.1,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that snakes rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; densely urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":3.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"No movement data are available, but these likely are among the most sedentary of all snakes. On the other hand, they do regularly roam unknown distances on the soil surface and commonly cross rural roads. Also, blind snakes sometimes are transported unknown distances by foraging screech owls; the snakes sometimes survive the journey and take up residence in owl nests (Gehlbach and Baldridge 1987). Despite the basically sedentary habits of these snakes, it seems unlikely that locations separated by a gap of less than a few kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent occurrences over the long term.<br>","versionDate":"2004-09-10","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:13:30.106165Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":102194,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":103715,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:20:58.739231Z"}],"references":[{"id":153750,"citation":"Ashton, R. E., Jr., and P. S. Ashton. 1991. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part two. Lizards, turtles & crocodilians. Revised second edition. Windward Pub., Inc., Miami. 191 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ashton and Ashton","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ASH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:25.069898Z"},{"id":137018,"citation":"Baha El Din, S. M. 2001. On the first report of Rhamphotyphlops braminus from Egypt: how many times can a flower-pot snake be run over for the first time? Herpetological Review 32:11.","shortCitationAuthor":"Baha El Din","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01BAH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"},{"id":114470,"citation":"Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of the Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 79 pp. ","shortCitationAuthor":"Banks et al.","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"B87BAN01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:14:02.086842Z"},{"id":125776,"citation":"Cagle, F. R. 1946. <i>Typhlops braminus</i> in the Marianas Islands. Copeia 1946:101.","shortCitationAuthor":"Cagle","shortCitationYear":1946,"referenceCode":"A46CAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"},{"id":140525,"citation":"Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1998. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 616 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"B98CON01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":1031558,"citation":"Hedges, S. B., A. B. Marion, K. M. Lipp, J. Marin, and N. Vidal. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49:1–61.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hedges et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14HED01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"},{"id":463262,"citation":"Krysko, K. L., K. M. Enge, J. H. Townsend, E. M. Langan, S. A. Johnson, and T. S. Campbell. 2005. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Florida. Herpetological Review 36:85-87.","shortCitationAuthor":"Krysko et al.","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"A05KRY01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:57.819328Z"},{"id":134553,"citation":"McKeown, S. 1978. Hawaiian reptiles and amphibians. Oriental Pub. Co., Honolulu. 80 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"McKeown","shortCitationYear":1978,"referenceCode":"B78MCK01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:21.616638Z"},{"id":127665,"citation":"Nussbaum, R. A. 1980. The brahminy blind snake (<i>Ramphotyphlops braminus</i>) in the Seychelles Archipelago: distribution, variation, and further evidence for parthenogenesis. Herpetologica 36:215-221.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nussbaum","shortCitationYear":1980,"referenceCode":"A80NUS01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"},{"id":127757,"citation":"Oliver, J. A., and C. E. Shaw. 1953. The amphibians and reptiles of the Hawaiian Islands. Zoologica 38:65-95.","shortCitationAuthor":"Oliver and Shaw","shortCitationYear":1953,"referenceCode":"A53OLI01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:21.616638Z"},{"id":126818,"citation":"Savitsky, B. A., A. H. Savitsky, R. T. Belcher, and S. Ewers. 2002. Geographic distribution: Ramphotyphlops braminus. Herpetological Review 33:150-151.","shortCitationAuthor":"Savitsky et al.","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02SAV01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":102194,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":4,"genusSizeDescEn":"Medium to large genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género de mediano a grande","genusSizeDescFr":"Moyen à grand genre"},"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Typhlopidae","genus":"Indotyphlops","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":126842,"synonym":"Ramphotyphlops braminus","synonymAuthor":"(Daudin, 1803)","formattedSynonym":"<i>Ramphotyphlops braminus</i>"},{"id":101624,"synonym":"Typhlina bramina","synonymAuthor":"(Daudin, 1803)","formattedSynonym":"<i>Typhlina bramina</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":null,"ebarGlobalScope":null,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":102194,"reproductionComments":"All-female, parthenogenetic. Individual collected on Tinian (Marianas) on April 19 laid eggs on April 21; hatched on 29 May (Cagle 1946). Reproduction may be continuous in Seychelles (Nussbaum 1980). In Japan, egg laying occurred from mid-June to mid-July; mean clutch size was 3; some individuals of reproductive size did not lay eggs (Kamosawa and Ota 1996, J. Herpetol. 30:9-14).","ecologyComments":"Sometimes gregarious; multiple individuals under one object (Cagle 1946).","habitatComments":"This fossorial snake inhabits loose damp soil of shaded gardens, valleys, sandy plateaus, rocky slopes, and various other habitats, usually at low elevations. It can be found under potted plants, plastic liners, rocks, debris, or fallen trees, or in decaying logs or stumps. Eggs are laid in moist soil and probably also humus and rotted wood.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-107522,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":20,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Suburban/orchard","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Suburbano/ huertos","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Banlieusard/verger","displayOrder":23}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-102004,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1031558,"citation":"Hedges, S. B., A. B. Marion, K. M. Lipp, J. Marin, and N. Vidal. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49:1–61.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hedges et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14HED01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.402096Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}