{"elementGlobalId":102193,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Craugastor augusti</i>","scientificName":"Craugastor augusti","scientificNameAuthor":"(Dugès in Bricchi, 1879)","primaryCommonName":"Barking Frog","relatedItisNames":"<i>Craugastor augusti</i> (Dugès in Brocchi, 1879) (TSN 773869)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102193","elcode":"AAABD04170","conceptRefFullCitation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Eleutherodactylus augusti</i>","taxonomicComments":"This species was formerly included in the genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i>. Goldberg et al. (2004) suggested that <i>C. a. cactorum</i> and <i>C. a. latrans</i> are different species but did not make the taxonomic change. Fouquette and Dubois (2014), referring to the work by Goldberg et al. (2004), proposed recognition of the two subspecies, however Nicholson (2025) do not recognize any subspecies pending additional data, preferably including nuclear DNA, and more substantial sampling in Mexico.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2005-04-25","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":168721,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N4","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":341236,"subnation":{"id":6,"nameEn":"Arizona","nameEs":"Arizona","nameFr":"Arizona","subnationCode":"AZ","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":341236,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":346561,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":346561,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":401857,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo México","nameFr":"Nouveau-Mexique","subnationCode":"NM","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":401857,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N4","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":168721,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:38:22.317807Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102193/Craugastor_augusti","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2005-09-23","grankReviewDate":"2005-09-23","grankReasons":null,"grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":102193,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":8,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Moderate.  Generalist or community with some key requirements scarce.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Moderado.  Generalista o comunidad con algunos requisitos claves escasos.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"Modéré. Généralistes ou communautés répondant à certains critères clés sont rares."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":4,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Moyennement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":null,"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":null,"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Santa Rita, Pajarito, Huachuca, Quinlan, and Patagonia mountains in southeastern Arizona (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000, Enderson 2002, Enderson et al. 2004), lower Pecos River drainage in southeastern New Mexico, and Edwards Plateau escarpment in central Texas southward to central and western Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuatepec, Oaxaca (Zweifel 1967, Stebbins 1985, Conant and Collins 1991).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"In Texas, present in most of the canyons and in some other rocky areas from the Edwards Plateau to the Big Bend (Bartlett and Bartlett 1999). Continuously distributed along the Balcones Escarpment but scattered widely at isolated localities elsewhere (presumably referring only to Texas) (Dixon 2000).","popSizeComments":"In Texas, seldom seen and apparently exists at low density (Bartlett and Bartlett 1999). In Arizona, exists as small populations in patches of suitable habitat (probably metapopulations) (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"There are no major threats to this species at present.","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":102193,"majorHabitat":null,"nonMigrant":true,"localMigrant":true,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":null,"foodHabitsComments":"Probably eats various small invertebrates; in confinement, sometimes consumes small frogs (C. Goldberg, pers. comm., 2002).","animalPhenologyComments":"Most active at night during periods of rainfall, especially with onset of summer rains.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":10,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":101739,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":101740,"animalPhenology":{"id":4,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Nocturnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Nocturno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Nocturne","displayOrder":4},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103249,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":false}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1132,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Leptodactylid Frogs","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including immature stages) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy major highway such that frogs rarely if ever cross successfully; major lake or fast-flowing river; intensive development dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Movements of these frogs are poorly known. During wet weather at night, leptodactylids undoubtedly can traverse most natural and seminatural upland habitats. Because these frogs are not tied to permanent aquatic habitats for breeding, likely they range fairly widely in upland habitats, though certain habitat specialists may be less likely to do so. Total nightly movements of individual Eleutherodactylus coqui averaged 3-4.5 m (Woolbright 1985), but annual home range size is unknown. Until further information on home range and dispersal is available, the default minimum separation distance of 1 km should be used for unsuitable habitat. Because these frogs are certainly capable of long moves, it seems unlikely that locations separated by a gap of less than a several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent independent occurrences over the long term.","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:03:54.909562Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":102193,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":"See Goldberg and Schwalbe (2000) for information on capture, handling, marking (PIT tagging), identification of individuals using photographs, and monitoring (including radio telemetry). Surveys should be done by listening for calling males on nights during the first two weeks of the summer rainy season (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000). <br>Goldberg and Schwalbe (2004) assessed four methods for monitoring population size in southern Arizona: mark-recapture, distance sampling, call counts, and visual encounter surveys. All methods produced data that contained too much variability and bias to be useful for monitoring population size. For cryptic species such as barking frogs, monitoring programs might be more effective if they focus on parameters other than population size (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2004).","managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":103714,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:20:58.504846Z"}],"references":[{"id":121383,"citation":"Bartlett, R. 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The rediscovery of Eleutherodactylus augusti in Arizona. Herpetologica 22:221-225.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bezy","shortCitationYear":1966,"referenceCode":"A66BEZ01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.089589Z"},{"id":112779,"citation":"Blackburn, L., P. Nanjappa, and M. J. Lannoo. 2001. An Atlas of the Distribution of U.S. Amphibians. Copyright, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA.","shortCitationAuthor":"Blackburn et al.","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"B01BLA01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 19. 41 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Collins","shortCitationYear":1990,"referenceCode":"B90COL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:15.579798Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":645994,"citation":"Crawford, A. J., and E. N. Smith. 2005. Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: <i>Eleutherodactylus</i>) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35:536-555.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crawford and Smith","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"A05CRA01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:17:06.089589Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. 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Eggs may be attended, apparently by female (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000). No larval stage.","ecologyComments":"Minimum convex polygon home range estimates in Arizona were 174-3179 sq m (mean 801 sq m) (10 individuals, 11 frog-seasons) (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000). The frog with the largest home range was the only one to move between habitat patches. One frog moved 116 m in one night. <br><br>In Arizona, limestone outcrops were inhabited by 4-20 individuals (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2004). A local population studied by Goldberg and Schwalbe (2000) was estimated to include 12 frogs in one year and 18 the next year. For long-term persistence, the small populations in distinct habitat patches likely must depend on occasional movements of juveniles among patches (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000, 2004). Annual survival rate was high (above 90%).","habitatComments":"This species inhabits relatively low elevation areas in shrublands and deserts including treeless, dry, yucca-covered hills and brushy woodland; open pine forests; juniper-live oak woodland (Texas); in large, low clumps of cactus (Sonora); often in rocky limestone areas. It lays eggs in moist sites on land under rocks or logs, or in caves or crevices. Terrestrial. Hides under rocks, in caves or crevices, or in burrows.<br><br>In Texas canyons, the species is often associated with creosote bush and mesquite in the west and with maples and other deciduous trees in the east (Bartlett and Bartlett 1999). In Arizona, this frog is strongly associated with limestone or rhyolitic outcrops (Bezy et al. 1966, Goldberg and Schwalbe 2004). Barking frogs in Arizona and most of Texas live in rocky areas in oak woodland, while those in New Mexico and far western Texas live in rodent burrows in desertscrub (Goldberg et al. 2004). In Arizona, individuals were found in holes in the back of a wet mine (Goldberg and Schwalbe 2000).","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-107527,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":4,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Hardwood","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Madera dura","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Feuillu","displayOrder":6}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107528,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":5,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Conifer","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Conífera","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Résineux","displayOrder":7}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107529,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":6,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Woodland - Mixed","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Lote de madera - Mixto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Terrain boisé — Mixte","displayOrder":8}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107523,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107524,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":9,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Grassland/herbaceous","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Pastizales/cobertura herbácea","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Prairie/couverture herbacée","displayOrder":11}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107525,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":11,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Desert","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Desierto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Désert","displayOrder":13}},{"cagTerrHabId":-107526,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":17,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Bare rock/talus/scree","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Roca viva/pendiente de roca/piedras sueltas","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Éboulis","displayOrder":20}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[{"cagSubterrHabId":101111,"subterraneanHabitat":{"id":1,"subterraneanHabitatDescEn":"Subterrestrial","subterraneanHabitatDescEs":"Subterráneo","subterraneanHabitatDescFr":"Souterrain","displayOrder":1}}],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},"predecessors":[{"predecessorId":117564,"elCode":"AAABD04171","name":"Craugastor augusti cactorum","formattedName":"<i>Craugastor augusti cactorum</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105287","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null},{"predecessorId":117565,"elCode":"AAABD04172","name":"Craugastor augusti latrans","formattedName":"<i>Craugastor augusti latrans</i>","classficationCode":null,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102878","lineageDate":null,"nsxUrl":null}],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}