{"elementGlobalId":102052,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Apalone ferox</i>","scientificName":"Apalone ferox","scientificNameAuthor":"(Schneider, 1783)","primaryCommonName":"Florida Softshell Turtle","relatedItisNames":"<i>Apalone ferox</i> (Schneider, 1783) (TSN 208675)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102052","elcode":"ARAAG01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Apalone ferox</i>","taxonomicComments":"Removed from genus <i>Trionyx</i> and placed in genus <i>Apalone</i> by Meylan (1987). North American softshell turtles were retained in <i>Trionyx</i> by Webb (1990) and Ernst et al. (1994). This species exhibits relatively low levels of genetic variability across its range (Weisrock and Janzen 2000).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":null,"conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":null,"primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":166721,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United 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day.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":50,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103158,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103159,"foodHabits":{"id":2,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Piscivore","foodHabitsDescFr":"Piscivore","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103160,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1215,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Softshell Turtles","subtypes":"Nesting area","inferredExtentDistance":3.0,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrences should encompass foraging and wintering habitats, basking sites, nesting areas, and travel corridors between the aquatic/wetland habitats and nest sites; some of these may be farther apart than the separation distance.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that turtles rarely if ever cross successfully (does not include highways that traverse continuous aquatic/wetland habitat); untraversable topography (e.g., cliff); urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement and lacking aquatic or wetland habitat.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":20.0,"altSeparationProcedure":"In some areas, individual annual home ranges may be longer than the separation distance, so it is important to evaluate movement patterns and seasonal changes in distribution before applying the standard separation distance for suitable habitat.","separationJustification":"In a Kansas river (Plummer and Shirer 1975), individual smooth softshells moved 2-4 km upstream or downstream in one day, and they were often recaptured in areas extending along 2-3 river km. An adult female moved 7.8 km upstream in two days. Only one long-distance movement exceeded 8 km. Mean short-term home range length was 1.2 km (range up to about 2.4 km) in adult females, 0.5 km (up to about 1.1 km) in males, but both sexes made long but brief movements out of their home ranges, and sometimes they shifted home range location during a single season. <br><br>In Vermont, spiny softshells migrated about 3 km between riverine wintering sites and river mouth nesting sites near Lake Champlain (Graham and Graham 1997). In another area of Lake Champlain, female softshells were more mobile than males and had annual home range lengths of up to 25 km (mean 13.7 km) (Galois et al. 2002). A female in that area nested more than 30 km from her wintering area (Daigle et al. 2002).<br><br>In general, nesting occurs on high open sandbars and banks close to water. In Florida, an Apalone ferox nest was in the sand apron of a recently abandoned gopher tortoise burrow, 103 m from the nearest body of water (Heinrich and Richardson 1993). Softshells nest usually within 100 m of water, often much closer than 100 m (Fitch and Plummer 1975, Vogt 1981).  <br><br>This information indicates that softshells along rivers and in lakes tend to move over relatively large areas, so a large separation distances is appropriate for suitable aquatic habitat. Overland movements are not extensive, as indicated by the short migrations from water to nesting sites, so the separation for unsuitable (i.e., non-nesting upland) habitat is the nominal minimum of 1 km; occurrences separated by 1 km or more of continuous upland habitat are treated as distinct occurrences. Use the suitable-habitat separation distance for lakes, ponds, and other habitats joined by a canal or other aquatic habitat through which softshells can swim.","versionDate":"2003-02-25","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:06:50.740853Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":102052,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":"See Doody and Tamplin (1992, Herpetol. Rev. 23:54-56) for an efficient marking technique.","managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":103578,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:20:35.457851Z"}],"references":[{"id":153444,"citation":"Ashton, R. E., Jr., and P. S. Ashton. 1985. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part two. Lizards, turtles & crocodilians. Windward Pub., Inc., Miami. 191 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ashton and Ashton","shortCitationYear":1985,"referenceCode":"B85ASH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":761719,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington. x + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst and Barbour","shortCitationYear":1972,"referenceCode":"B72ERN01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":141851,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., R. W. Barbour, and J. E. Lovich. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. xxxviii + 578 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst et al.","shortCitationYear":1994,"referenceCode":"B94ERN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":115627,"citation":"Iverson, J. B., and P. E. Moler. 1997. The female reproductive cycle of the Florida softshell turtle (APALONE FEROX). Journal of Herpetology 31:399-409.","shortCitationAuthor":"Iverson and Moler","shortCitationYear":1997,"referenceCode":"A97IVE01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:44.730347Z"},{"id":130655,"citation":"Jackson, D. R. 1991. Life history notes: TRIONYX FEROX. SSAR Herpetol. Rev. 22:56.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jackson","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91JAC02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:44.730347Z"},{"id":118569,"citation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"King and Burke","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"B89KIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":142805,"citation":"Meylan, P. A. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186:1-101.","shortCitationAuthor":"Meylan","shortCitationYear":1987,"referenceCode":"B87MEY01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:19.242438Z"},{"id":120174,"citation":"Mount, R. H. 1975. The reptiles and amphibians of Alabama. 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G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}