{"elementGlobalId":101923,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":{"id":4,"rankMethodUsedDescEn":"Expertise without calculation","rankMethodUsedDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedDescFr":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescEn":"Ranked by inspection","rankMethodUsedExternalDescEs":null,"rankMethodUsedExternalDescFr":null},"formattedScientificName":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia</i>","scientificName":"Deirochelys reticularia","scientificNameAuthor":"(Latrielle, 1801)","primaryCommonName":"Chicken Turtle","relatedItisNames":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia</i> (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille, 1801) (TSN 173786)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101923","elcode":"ARAAD03010","conceptRefFullCitation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia</i>","taxonomicComments":"Includes three subspecies: <i>D. r. chrysea</i>, <i>D. r. miaria</i>, and <i>D. r. reticularia</i>.","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2015-01-28","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Jackson, D. R. (2015)","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":166019,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":393030,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Yes","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"Y"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2S3","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":393030,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":394740,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":3,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"Conditional","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"C"},"dataSensitiveCategory":{"id":1,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescEn":"Poaching/Collection Threat","dataSensitiveCategoryDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveCategoryDescFr":null,"nsStandardInd":true},"srank":"S3S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":394740,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1357814,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1357814,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":347930,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S5","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S5","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":347930,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":264438,"subnation":{"id":43,"nameEn":"Oklahoma","nameEs":"Oklahoma","nameFr":"Oklahoma","subnationCode":"OK","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":264438,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":335609,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S3","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S3?","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":335609,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":408537,"subnation":{"id":4,"nameEn":"Arkansas","nameEs":"Arkansas","nameFr":"Arkansas","subnationCode":"AR","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":408537,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":363940,"subnation":{"id":30,"nameEn":"Missouri","nameEs":"Missouri","nameFr":"Missouri","subnationCode":"MO","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":363940,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":305171,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S4","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S4","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":305171,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":328768,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S2","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":328768,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":1228047,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":1228047,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":408531,"subnation":{"id":53,"nameEn":"Virginia","nameEs":"Virginia","nameFr":"Virginie","subnationCode":"VA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":408531,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":1996,"nrank":"N5","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":166019,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:37:27.231846Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101923/Deirochelys_reticularia","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"1996-10-21","grankReviewDate":"2015-01-28","grankReasons":"This turtle has a broad range that encompasses most of the lower southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Across its range, it undoubtedly inhabits many hundreds to thousands of appropriate wetlands. Though local populations are typically small, overall the species remains relatively common. Depending on future trends, conservation status may decline to G4 or even G3, however, as various factors can destroy or drain isolated wetlands that are essential to the species, and habitat fragmentation can isolate populations, which reduces recovery potential if local populations are extirpated (e.g., from drought).","grank":"G5","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":101923,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":{"id":6,"enviromentalSpecificityDescEn":"Narrow to moderate.","enviromentalSpecificityDescEs":"Estrecho a moderado.","enviromentalSpecificityDescFr":"D’étroit à modéré."},"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":5,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Moderately vulnerable to not intrinsically vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Moderadamente vulnerable a no intrínsecamente vulnerable.","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"De moyennement à non intrinsèquement vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":38,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to increase of 25%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a aumento de 25%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à augmentation de 25 %"},"numberEos":{"id":14,"numberEosDescEn":"81 to >300","numberEosDescEs":"De 81 a >300","numberEosDescFr":"De 81 à >300"},"numberGoodEos":{"id":18,"numberGoodEosDescEn":"Some to very many (13 to >125)","numberGoodEosDescEs":"Algunos a muchos (13 a >125)","numberGoodEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup (de 13 à >125)"},"numberProtEos":{"id":14,"numberProtEosDescEn":"Many to very many (13 to >40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed","numberProtEosDescEs":"De varios a muchos casos (13 a >40) adecuadamente protegidos y controlados","numberProtEosDescFr":"De plusieurs à beaucoup d’occurrences (de 13 à >40) protégées et contrôlées convenablement"},"popSize":{"id":32,"popSizeDescEn":"10,000 - 1,000,000 individuals","popSizeDescEs":"De 10.000 a 1.000.000 de individuos","popSizeDescFr":"De 10 000 à 1 000 000 individus"},"rangeExtent":{"id":33,"rangeExtentDescEn":"200,000-2,500,000 square km (about 80,000-1,000,000 square miles)","rangeExtentDescEs":"200.000 a 2.500.000 kilómetros cuadrados (aproximadamente 80.000 a 1.000.000 millas cuadradas)","rangeExtentDescFr":"De 200 000 à 2 500 000 km carrés (de 80 000 à 1 000 000 miles carrés approximativement)"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":37,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of <30% to relatively stable","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de <30% a relativamente estable","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de <30 % à relativement stable"},"threatImpactAssigned":null,"rangeExtentComments":"Coastal Plain from North Carolina (and disjunctly in southeastern Virginia) south to southern Florida, west to eastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma, and north in the Mississippi Valley to southeastern Missouri (Buhlmann and Johnson 1995, Herpetol. Rev. 26:209). See Mitchell (1991) and Buhlmann (1995) for information on the status of the disjunct population in Virginia.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"Population size is unknown but likely exceeds 100,000 adults.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Isolated populations in Virginia declined as a result of loss of habitat (residential development and highway construction) and traffic-related mortality (Buhlmann 1995).","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":null,"inventoryNeeds":"Maintain database of extant occurrences.","numberProtEosComments":null,"protectionNeeds":"In Virginia, habitat protection and protection from highway mortality are needed (Buhlmann 1995).","otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":null,"enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":101923,"majorHabitat":{"id":2,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Freshwater","majorHabitatDescEs":"Agua dulce","majorHabitatDescFr":"Eau douce"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"In South Carolina from late summer through winter, individuals were found in upland refugia up to 165 m from the delineated wetland boundary (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001). Individuals exhibited site fidelity to refugia in successive years.","foodHabitsComments":"Specializes on live, slow-moving arthropods; occasionally ingests plant matter and may sometimes eat carrion (Jackson 1996).","animalPhenologyComments":"Hibernates in winter in the north, active all year in the south. In South Carolina, individuals were relatively inactive in upland refugia for an average of 185 days from late summer through winter (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001).","colonialBreeder":false,"length":25,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":101626,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":101627,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":103068,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1412,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.5,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":"Occurrences should include nesting areas, travel corridors between the wetlands and nest sites, and other upland use areas, if known, but occurrences based on captures/observations of individuals in wetlands should include only the known distribution of the population and not include large areas of upland habitat (not known to be occupied) that may extend between occupied wetlands within the appropriate separation distances.","separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that turtles rarely if ever cross successfully; untraversable topography (e.g., cliff); urbanized area lacking aquatic or wetland habitat.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":null,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":null,"altSeparationProcedure":"Separation distance across continuous or mostly continuous suitable aquatic/wetland habitat: 3 km.  Separation distance across continuous upland habitat: 1 km.  Separation distance for intermediate situations: 2 km.","separationJustification":"Little available information indicates that chicken turtle movements may be limited. Maximum reported movements are 0.6 km or less (Marchand 1945, Gibbons 1986). These turtles appear to be less inclined to emigrate in response to drought and so actually may be less vagile than sympatric turtles such as Trachemys scripta (Gibbons 1986).  In South Carolina from late summer through winter, individuals were found in upland refugia up to 165 m from the delineated wetland boundary (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001). Assuming that home ranges average 1 km or less in maximum extent, a separation distance of 3 km of aquatic/wetland habitat seems appropriate. The separation distance of 1 km for upland habitat is the nominal minimum value for occurrence separation. The different separation distances are based on the likelihood that upland habitat inhibits movement more so than does aquatic or wetland habitat.","versionDate":"2002-02-27","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:29.804195Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":101923,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":103452,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:20:15.16046Z"}],"references":[{"id":137372,"citation":"Behler, J. L., and F. W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society field guide to North American reptiles and amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 719 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Behler and King","shortCitationYear":1979,"referenceCode":"B79BEH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:24.173666Z"},{"id":155172,"citation":"Buhlmann, K. A. 1995. Habitat use, terrestrial movements, and conservation of the turtle, <i>Deirochelys reticularia</i> in Virginia. Journal of Herpetology 29:173-181.","shortCitationAuthor":"Buhlmann","shortCitationYear":1995,"referenceCode":"A95BUH01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:24:03.900866Z"},{"id":155117,"citation":"Buhlmann, K. A., and J. W. Gibbons. 2001. Terrestrial habitat use by aquatic turtles from a seasonally fluctuating wetland: implications for wetland conservation boundaries. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4:115-127.","shortCitationAuthor":"Buhlmann and Gibbons","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01BUH01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":761757,"citation":"Buhlmann, K. A., J. W. Gibbons, and D. R. Jackson. 2008.<i> Deirochelys reticularia</i> (Latreille 1801) – chicken turtle. <i>In</i> A. G. J. Rhodin, P. C. H. Pritchard, P.P. van Dijk, R. A. Saumure, K. A. Buhlmann, J. B. Iverson, and R. A. Mittermeier (eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Mono­graphs No. 5:014.1-014.6, doi:10.3854/crm.5.014.reticularia.v1.2008, http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.","shortCitationAuthor":"Buhlmann et al.","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"A08BUH01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":104608,"citation":"Conant, R. and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. Third edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 450 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Conant and Collins","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91CON01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.303794Z"},{"id":621810,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":761719,"citation":"Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. 1972. Turtles of the United States. Univ. Press of Kentucky, Lexington. x + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ernst and Barbour","shortCitationYear":1972,"referenceCode":"B72ERN01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":762556,"citation":"Ewert, M. A., D. R. Jackson, and K. A. Buhlmann. 2006. <i>Deirochelys reticularia</i> - chicken turtle. In P. A. Meylan (ed.), Biology and Conservation of Florida Turtles. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 3:249-259.","shortCitationAuthor":"Ewert et al.","shortCitationYear":2006,"referenceCode":"A06EWE51HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":155450,"citation":"Gibbons, J. W. 1986. Movement patterns among turtle populations: applicability to management of the desert tortoise. Herpetologica 42:104-113.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gibbons","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"A86GIB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":115452,"citation":"Gibbons, J. W., and R. D. Semlitsch. 1991. Guide to the reptiles and amphibians of the Savannah River Site. Univ. of Georgia Press, Athens. xii + 131 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Gibbons and Semlitsch","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91GIB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:15.475829Z"},{"id":145620,"citation":"Jackson, D. R. 1988. Reproductive strategies of sympatric freshwater emydid turtles in northern peninsular Florida. Bull. Florida State Mus. 33:133-158.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jackson","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88JAC03NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":152156,"citation":"Jackson, D. R. 1996. Meat on the move: diet of a predatory turtle, <i>Deirochelys reticularia</i> (Testudines: Emydidae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2(1):105-108.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jackson","shortCitationYear":1996,"referenceCode":"A96JAC01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-01-11T02:24:03.900866Z"},{"id":761725,"citation":"Jackson, D. R.  2004.  <i>Deirochelys reticularia</i> (chicken turtle).  Diet. Herpetological Review 35(4):380-381.","shortCitationAuthor":"Jackson","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"A04JAC01HQUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"},{"id":118569,"citation":"King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, editors. 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. 216 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"King and Burke","shortCitationYear":1989,"referenceCode":"B89KIN01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":141774,"citation":"Marchand, L. J. 1945. The individual range of some Florida turtles. Copeia 1945:75-77.","shortCitationAuthor":"Marchand","shortCitationYear":1945,"referenceCode":"A45MAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:13:21.164371Z"},{"id":130783,"citation":"Mitchell, J. C. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles. Pages 411-76 in K. Terwilliger (coordinator). Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceedings of a Symposium. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mitchell","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"A91MIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:03.194383Z"},{"id":120174,"citation":"Mount, R. H. 1975. The reptiles and amphibians of Alabama. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. vii + 347 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Mount","shortCitationYear":1975,"referenceCode":"B75MOU01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:56.616394Z"},{"id":1107320,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) [Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},{"id":722662,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk, P.P., Iverson, J.B., Shaffer, H.B., Bour, R., and Rhodin, A.G.J.]. 2012. Turtles of the world, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5:000.243-000.328. Online. Available: www.iucn-tftsg.org/cbftt/.","shortCitationAuthor":"van Dijk et al.","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12VAN01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":138961,"citation":"Walker, D., and J. C. Avise. 1998. Principles of phylogeography as illustrated by freshwater and terrestrial turtles in the southeastern United States. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29:23-58.","shortCitationAuthor":"Walker and Avise","shortCitationYear":1998,"referenceCode":"A98WAL04NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.126743Z"},{"id":118811,"citation":"Zug, G. R., and A. Schwartz. 1971. Deirochelys reticularia. Cat. Am. Amph. Rep. 107.1-107.3.","shortCitationAuthor":"Zug and Schwartz","shortCitationYear":1971,"referenceCode":"A71ZUG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:16:27.385873Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144495,"name":"chicken turtle","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":101923,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":1,"genusSizeDescEn":"Monotypic genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género monotípico","genusSizeDescFr":"Genre monotypique"},"jurisEndem":{"id":3,"jurisEndemDescEn":"endemic to a single nation","jurisEndemDescEs":"Endémico de una nación","jurisEndemDescFr":"Endémique à une nation"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":8,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Turtles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1110},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Chelonia","taxorder":"Testudines","family":"Emydidae","genus":"Deirochelys","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[{"infraspeciesId":100299,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100299","formattedScientificName":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia reticularia</i>","scientificName":"Deirochelys reticularia reticularia","primaryCommonName":"Eastern Chicken Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100299/Deirochelys_reticularia_reticularia"},{"infraspeciesId":103939,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103939","formattedScientificName":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia miaria</i>","scientificName":"Deirochelys reticularia miaria","primaryCommonName":"Western Chicken Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103939/Deirochelys_reticularia_miaria"},{"infraspeciesId":105529,"uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105529","formattedScientificName":"<i>Deirochelys reticularia chrysea</i>","scientificName":"Deirochelys reticularia chrysea","primaryCommonName":"Florida Chicken Turtle","nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.105529/Deirochelys_reticularia_chrysea"}],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":101923,"reproductionComments":"Lays up to several clutches of 2-15 eggs each year, In South Carolina, individuals lay up to 2 clutches/year; nesting is bimodal, typically August-September and February-March; female may retain eggs from late summer/fall to late winter/spring, possibly occurring when nesting conditions are not initially suitable (see Buhlmann et al. 1995, Herpetologica 51:457-462); mean clutch size is 7.3 (Gibbons and Semlitsch 1991). Egg laying probably occurs in March in Virginia (Mitchell 1991). In northern peninsular Florida, lays 2-4 clutches from mid-September through mid-March (Jackson 1988). Hatchlings, especially those from clutches laid in late summer or fall, may overwinter in the nest and emerge in spring. Males attain sexual maturity in 2-4 years, females in 6-8 (Behler and King 1979).","ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"Shallow ponds and lakes with thick vegetation, cypress swamps, ditches, temporary pools; usually not in flowing water. Wanders overland, especially in spring. In Virginia, inhabits interdunal swales that have seasonal water fluctuations; some leave drying wetlands and estivate on land in summer (Buhlmann 1995). Hibernates in mud and aquatic vegetation along lake margins or in terrestrial situations (Buhlmann 1995), up to at least 165 m from wetlands (Buhlmann and Gibbons 2001). Eggs are laid in soil in an open area near water.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[{"cagPalusHabId":-101880,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":1,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"TEMPORARY POOL","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"PISCINA TEMPORAL","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"BASSIN TEMPORAIRE","displayOrder":1}},{"cagPalusHabId":-101881,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"HERBACEOUS WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL HERBÁCEO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE HERBACÉE","displayOrder":2}},{"cagPalusHabId":-101882,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":3,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"SCRUB-SHRUB WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL DE MATORRALES","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"FRUTICÉE HUMIDE","displayOrder":3}},{"cagPalusHabId":-101883,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":4,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"FORESTED WETLAND","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"HUMEDAL BOSCOSO","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"TERRE HUMIDE FORESTIÈRE","displayOrder":4}},{"cagPalusHabId":-101884,"palustrineHabitat":{"id":6,"palustrineHabitatDescEn":"Riparian","palustrineHabitatDescEs":"Ribereño","palustrineHabitatDescFr":"Riverain","displayOrder":6}}],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[{"cagLacusHabId":-100540,"lacustrineHabitat":{"id":2,"lacustrineHabitatDescEn":"Shallow water","lacustrineHabitatDescEs":"Aguas poco profundas","lacustrineHabitatDescFr":"Eau peu profonde","displayOrder":2}}],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1107320,"citation":"Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) [Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Dijk]. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson , P. P. van Dijk, C. B. Stanford, E. V. Goode, K. A. Buhlmann, and R. A. Mittermeier (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021.","shortCitationAuthor":"TTWG","shortCitationYear":2021,"referenceCode":"B21TTW01NAUS","lastModified":"2022-07-02T00:44:58.794768Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[]}