{"elementGlobalId":101367,"circumscripConfidence":{"id":1,"circumscripConfidenceDescEn":"1 - Strong","circumscripConfidenceDescEs":"1 - Fuerte","circumscripConfidenceDescFr":"1 – Forte"},"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":11,"iucnDescEn":"Least concern","iucnDescEs":"Menos preocupante","iucnDescFr":"Moins préoccupante","iucnCode":"LC"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Gambelia wislizenii</i>","scientificName":"Gambelia wislizenii","scientificNameAuthor":"(Baird and Girard, 1852)","primaryCommonName":"Long-nosed Leopard Lizard","relatedItisNames":"<i>Gambelia wislizenii</i> (Baird and Girard, 1852) (TSN 173924)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101367","elcode":"ARACF07020","conceptRefFullCitation":"McGuire, J. A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae). Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History (32):1-143.","conceptName":"<i>Gambelia wislizenii</i>","taxonomicComments":"This species formerly was included in the genus <i>Crotaphytus</i>. <i>Gambelia copeii</i> and <i>G. sila</i> formerly were included in this species (see McGuire 1996). Richmond et al. (2017) corroborated the existence of two groups within this species found by Grimes et al. (2014), but did not infer restricted nuclear gene flow between those groups. They also presented genetic evidence corroborating previous hypotheses of hybridization with <i>G. wislizenii</i> (Montanucci 1970) (Nicholson 2025).","roundedGRank":"G5","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2005-06-21","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":165710,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"N5","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":383025,"subnation":{"id":39,"nameEn":"New Mexico","nameEs":"Nuevo 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Mexico, and western Texas to northeastern Baja California and north-central mainland Mexico (including Isla Tiburon, Sonora, in the Gulf of California) (McGuire 1996, Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":"This lizard is represented by a very large number of occurrences that are well distributed throughout the historical range (McGuire 1996).","popSizeComments":"Total adult population size is unknown but certainly exceeds 100,000.","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Major threats include habitat loss and degradation resulting from agricultural, commercial, and residential development and invasion of exotic herbaceous plants (e.g., cheatgrass) (Hammerson 1999).","shortTermTrendComments":"Trends cannot be precisely quantified, but the area of occupancy and abundance probably are declining at a low rate as a result of ongoing habitat loss and 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Individuals active in late summer are mainly hatchlings.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":38,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":101407,"animalPhenology":{"id":1,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Hibernates/aestivates","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Hibernación/Estivación","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Hiberne/estive","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagPhenologyId":101408,"animalPhenology":{"id":3,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Diurnal","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Diurno","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Diurne","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":102676,"foodHabits":{"id":1,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Carnivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Carnívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Carnivore","displayOrder":1},"adult":true,"immature":true},{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":102677,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1057,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"eoSpecGroupName":"Crotaphytid Lizards","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":0.2,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"Occurrences are based on evidence of historical presence, or current and likely recurring presence, at a given location. Such evidence minimally includes collection or reliable observation and documentation of one or more individuals (including eggs) in or near appropriate habitat where the species is presumed to be established and  breeding.","mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":"Busy highway or highway with obstructions such that lizards rarely if ever cross successfully; major river, lake, pond, or deep marsh; urbanized area dominated by buildings and pavement.","separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":5.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":"Crotaphytids tend to have small home ranges. Dispersal characteristics are unknown, but these lizards appear to be capable of making extensive movements. The separation distance for suitable habitat is a compromise between the documented sedentary habits and the likely low probability that two locations separated by less than several kilometers of suitable habitat would represent different populations.<br><br>Home range size of Gambelia sila is usually less than 9 ha (average 2 ha in females and 4.2 ha in males) (Warrick et al. 1998). For Gambelia wislizenii, Tanner and Krogh (1974) recorded home range sizes of 0.67, 1.54, and 2.35 ha over periods of 2-3 years for three individuals in Nevada. Some individuals appear to be somewhat nomadic. In northern Utah, Parker and Pianka (1976) recorded long distance movements by juvenile males (up to 806 m over two weeks and 1,186 m over 20 months) whereas adult males moved 0-450 m (average 125 m) over periods of about 2-4 weeks. In Kansas, male Crotaphytus collaris maintained home ranges averaging about 0.4 ha and spent most of their time in just a small portion of this. In Oklahoma, average home range size of adult male C. collaris was 1,865 sq m (Stone and Baird 2002).","versionDate":"2004-09-21","versionAuthor":"Hammerson, G.","versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-04-30T02:06:17.146034Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":101367,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":null,"monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":null,"biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":102915,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:18:50.722589Z"}],"references":[{"id":137880,"citation":"Collins, J. 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Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Circular 37:1-84. Online with updates at: http://www.ssarherps.org/pages/comm_names/Index.php","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2008,"referenceCode":"B08CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:38:20.142383Z"},{"id":722484,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2012. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 39:1-92.","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2012,"referenceCode":"B12CRO01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:51.08501Z"},{"id":943912,"citation":"Crother, B. I. (editor). 2017. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43:1-104. [Updates in SSAR North American Species Names Database at: https://ssarherps.org/cndb]","shortCitationAuthor":"Crother","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"B17CRO01EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:53.413199Z"},{"id":106832,"citation":"Fitch, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles of lizards and snakes. Univ. Kansas Museum Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 52:1-247.","shortCitationAuthor":"Fitch","shortCitationYear":1970,"referenceCode":"B70FIT01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:11:58.69455Z"},{"id":100278,"citation":"Frost, D. R., and J. T. Collins. 1988. Nomenclatural notes on reptiles of the United States. Herpetological Review 19(4):73-74.","shortCitationAuthor":"Frost and Collins","shortCitationYear":1988,"referenceCode":"A88FRO02NAUS","lastModified":"2023-02-03T23:35:47.728291Z"},{"id":1066852,"citation":"Grimes, A. J., G. Corrigan, D. J. Germano, and P. T. Smith. 2014. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard, <i>Gambelia sila</i>. The Southwestern Naturalist 59(1):38-46.","shortCitationAuthor":"Grimes et al.","shortCitationYear":2014,"referenceCode":"A14GRI02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-11-11T02:04:22.810747Z"},{"id":138394,"citation":"Hammerson, G. A. 1982b. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver. vii + 131 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Hammerson","shortCitationYear":1982,"referenceCode":"B82HAM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:18.040312Z"},{"id":105157,"citation":"McCoy, C.J. 1967. Natural history notes on Crotaphytus wisli zeni (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Amer. Midl. Nat. 77(1):138-146.","shortCitationAuthor":"McCoy","shortCitationYear":1967,"referenceCode":"A67MCC01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:11.759745Z"},{"id":120544,"citation":"McGuire, J. A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae). 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Ecological observations on the leopard lizard (Crotaphytus wislizeni) in different parts of its range. Hepetologica 32(1):95-114.","shortCitationAuthor":"Parker and Pianka","shortCitationYear":1976,"referenceCode":"A76PAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:11.759745Z"},{"id":1168010,"citation":"Richmond, J. Q., D. A. Wood, M. F. Westphal, A. G. Vandergast, A. D. Leaché, L. R. Saslaw, H. Scott Butterfield, R. N. Fisher. 2017. Persistence of historical population structure in an endangered species despite near-complete biome conversion in California's San Joaquin Desert. Molecular Ecology 26(14):3618-3635.","shortCitationAuthor":"Richmond et al.","shortCitationYear":2017,"referenceCode":"A17RIC03NAUS","lastModified":"2026-07-03T01:45:46.364295Z"},{"id":144435,"citation":"Stebbins, R. C. 1985a. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Second edition. 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Density and composition of fenced populations of leopard lizards (<i>Crotaphytus wislizenii</i>) in southern Nevada. Herpetologica 25:247-257.","shortCitationAuthor":"Turner et al.","shortCitationYear":1969,"referenceCode":"A69TUR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:15:11.759745Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[{"id":144688,"name":"long-nosed leopard lizard","language":"EN"},{"id":115361,"name":"Longnose Leopard Lizard","language":"EN"}],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":101367,"cites":null,"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":null,"jurisEndem":{"id":5,"jurisEndemDescEn":"occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations","jurisEndemDescEs":"Se encuentra en varias naciones (de manera regular, como un taxón nativo)","jurisEndemDescFr":"Se trouve dans plusieurs nations (de façon régulière, tel un taxon indigène)"},"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":null,"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":7,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Reptiles","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"complete","displayOrder":1100},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Reptilia","taxorder":"Squamata","family":"Crotaphytidae","genus":"Gambelia","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":null,"interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":null,"completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[{"id":102041,"synonym":"Crotaphytus wislizenii","synonymAuthor":null,"formattedSynonym":"<i>Crotaphytus wislizenii</i>"},{"id":101754,"synonym":"Crotaphytus wislizenii wislizenii","synonymAuthor":null,"formattedSynonym":"<i>Crotaphytus wislizenii wislizenii</i>"}],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Amphibians and Reptiles","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":101367,"reproductionComments":"Lays clutch of 1-11 eggs (mean generally 5-7), mainly late May-early July in different areas; probably late May-late June or early July in southeastern Arizona. Second clutch may be laid in south. Eggs hatch in 5-7 weeks. Sexually mature in first or second year (Fitch 1970).","ecologyComments":"Not territorial; often much overlap in home ranges. Tanner and Krogh (1974) recorded home range sizes of 0.67, 1.54, and 2.35 ha over periods of 2-3 years for three individuals in Nevada. There is some home range overlap, particularly between males and females. Territorial behavior apparently does not occur and, other than interactions associated with mating, adults appear to be rather oblivious of each other (McCoy 1967). Some individuals appear to be somewhat nomadic. In northern Utah, Parker and Pianka (1976) recorded long distance movements by juvenile males (up to 806 m over two weeks and 1,186 m over 20 months) whereas adult males moved 0-450 m (average 125 m) over periods of about 2-4 weeks. <br><br>Population density in Nevada was about 5/ha (Tanner and Krogh 1974).","habitatComments":"Habitat includes desert and semidesert areas with scattered shrubs or other low plants (e.g., creosotebush, sagebrush), especially areas with abundant rodent burrows (Nussbaum et al. 1983, Hammerson 1999, Grismer 2002, Stebbins 2003). The species is basically ground dwelling, but sometimes individuals climb into bushes. When threatened, leopard lizards typically run to the base of a shrub and remain motionless there. When inactive, they occupy burrows  Eggs are laid in burrows.","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[{"cagTerrHabId":-106585,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":7,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Shrubland/chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Matorral/Chaparral","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Fruticée/Chaparral","displayOrder":9}},{"cagTerrHabId":-106586,"terrestrialHabitat":{"id":11,"terrestrialHabitatDescEn":"Desert","terrestrialHabitatDescEs":"Desierto","terrestrialHabitatDescFr":"Désert","displayOrder":13}}],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[]},"primaryReference":{"id":1153425,"citation":"Nicholson, K. E. (ed.). 2025. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Ninth Edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 87 pp. Online database available at: https://cnah.org/SSARnames.aspx","shortCitationAuthor":"Nicholson","shortCitationYear":2025,"referenceCode":"B25NIC01NAUS","lastModified":"2026-06-06T01:36:32.018241Z"},"predecessors":[],"elementGlobalThreatAssessments":[{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":16058,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":5,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"2","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Agriculture & aquaculture","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"2 - Agriculture & aquaculture","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":50,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":16059,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":6,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"2.1","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Annual & perennial non-timber crops","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"2.1 - Annual & perennial non-timber crops","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":60,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":5,"iucnThreatLevel":2},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":16061,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":32,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"8","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Invasive & other problematic species,  genes & diseases","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"8 - Invasive & other problematic species,  genes & diseases","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":590,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":null,"iucnThreatLevel":1},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null},{"elementGlobalThreatAssessId":16062,"iucnThreatCategory":{"id":33,"iucnThreatCategoryCd":"8.1","iucnThreatCategoryDescEn":"Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases","iucnThreatCategoryDescEs":null,"iucnThreatCategoryDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":600,"iucnThreat":"Y","parentThreatId":32,"iucnThreatLevel":2},"iucnThreatScope":null,"iucnThreatSeverity":null,"iucnThreatTiming":{"id":1,"iucnThreatTimingDescEn":"High: Continuing","iucnThreatTimingDescEs":null,"iucnThreatTimingDescFr":null,"displayValueEn":"High (continuing)","displayValueEs":null,"displayValueFr":null,"displayOrder":1},"threatImpactCalc":null}]}