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Nonbreeding males range into high latitude waters. Northern and southern hemisphere populations apparently are reproductively isolated from each other. See IUCN (1991) for further details.","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":"World population in the mid-1980s was estimated at 982,200 (410,700 in the southern ocean, 100,000 in Atlantic, 275,000 in eastern Pacific, 198,000 in western Pacific. Other estimates range from 700,000 to 2 million (Matthews and Moseley 1990). More recently, Whitehead (2003) estimated global population of very approximately 360,000 whales based on extrapolation from visual surveys. None of these estimates should be regarded as particularly precise (see IUCN 1991).","viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Historically hunted for spermaceti, ambergris, and oil. No longer threatened by direct catching, but entanglement in fishing gear may cause mortality in some areas. Potentially threatened by ocean pollution and ingestion of plastics. Since the introduction of fast ferries into the Canary Islands in 1999, significant increases in collisions fatal to whales, mainly sperm whales, have been observed (Tregenza et al. 2004).<br>","shortTermTrendComments":null,"longTermTrendComments":"Approximately 1,110,000 - 1,260,000 sperm whales reported in the North Pacific prior to exploitation, which reduced populations to 930,000 by the late 1970s (harvest peaked at about 29,000/year in the mid-1960s; Rice 1989, Whitehead 2003). Current population very approximately 360,000 whales, a 68% decline since commercial whaling was initiated (Whitehead 2003). 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The species is included in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) since 1985, making trade in products (i.e. sperm oil, teeth, and ambergris) illegal in most countries. Since 1981, importation of sperm oil and other sperm whale products has been banned by the European Union. Importation of marine mammal products in the U.S. has been banned since 1972 (Whitehead 2003).","protectionNeeds":"Enforce international and national protection measures. 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Large males at high latitudes also take large quantities of demersal and mesopelagic sharks, skates and fishes (Gosho et al. 1984, Jefferson et al.1993, Perry et al. 1999, Whitehead 2003). Dives deeply when foraging, some dives over 1800 m have been recorded, but most are less than 500 m (Potter and Birchler, in Wilson and Ruff 1999). Apparently feeds throughout the year. Although species population depleted by whaling, may take about 75 million metric tons of food from the ocean each year; an amount similar to that taken by all human marine fisheries (Whitehead 2003).","animalPhenologyComments":"Active day/night.","colonialBreeder":false,"length":1830,"width":null,"weight":48000000,"animalPhenologies":[{"animalCagPhenologyId":101201,"animalPhenology":{"id":2,"animalPhenologyDescEn":"Circadian","animalPhenologyDescEs":"Circadiano","animalPhenologyDescFr":"Circadien","displayOrder":2},"adult":true,"immature":true}],"animalFoodHabits":[{"animalCagFoodHabitsId":102331,"foodHabits":{"id":3,"foodHabitsDescEn":"Invertivore","foodHabitsDescEs":"Invertívoro","foodHabitsDescFr":"Invertivore","displayOrder":3},"adult":true,"immature":true}]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":1610,"locationUseClass":{"id":2,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Breeding","locationUseClassDescEs":"En reproducción","locationUseClassDescFr":"Reproduction","displayOrder":2},"eoSpecGroupName":null,"subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":"A marine area that  is, or was, occupied by a recurring breeding school during the breeding season (January through August). 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