{"elementGlobalId":100167,"circumscripConfidence":null,"classificationLevel":{"id":7,"classificationLevelNameEn":"Species","classificationLevelNameEs":"Especies","classificationLevelNameFr":"Espèce"},"classificationStatus":{"id":1,"classificationStatusDescEn":"Standard","classificationStatusDescEs":"Estándar","classificationStatusDescFr":"Standard"},"iucn":{"id":3,"iucnDescEn":"Critically endangered","iucnDescEs":"En peligro crítico","iucnDescFr":"Gravement menacée d’extinction","iucnCode":"CR"},"nameCategory":{"id":1,"nameCategoryDescEn":"Vertebrate Animal","nameCategoryDescEs":"Animal vertebrado","nameCategoryDescFr":"Animal vertébré","nameTypeCd":"A","nameTypeDesc":"Zoological"},"rankMethodUsed":null,"formattedScientificName":"<i>Pristis pectinata</i>","scientificName":"Pristis pectinata","scientificNameAuthor":"Latham, 1794","primaryCommonName":"Smalltooth Sawfish","relatedItisNames":"<i>Pristis pectinata</i> Latham, 1794 (TSN 160809)","uniqueId":"ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100167","elcode":"AFDFA01010","conceptRefFullCitation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","conceptName":"<i>Pristis pectinata</i>","taxonomicComments":"Based on international differences in control of exploitation and regulatory mechanisms, the U.S. population meets the discreteness requirements for a \"species\" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (NMFS 2001). The U.S. population also qualifies for consideration under the U.S. ESA because it is the northernmost population in the western Hemisphere and is not known to be in contact with other populations.<br/><br/>Faria et al. (2013) used mtDNA and contemporary genetic analysis to argue that the previously classified <i>P. pristis</i>, <i>P. microdon</i>, and <i>P. perotteti</i> should be regarded as a single species (<i>P. pristis</i>).","roundedGRank":"G2","conservationStatusFactorsEditionDate":"2003-04-08","conservationStatusFactorsEditionAuthors":"Hammerson, G.","primaryCommonNameLanguage":"EN","recordType":"SPECIES","elementNationals":[{"elementNationalId":163904,"classifConfidence":null,"nation":{"id":225,"nameEn":"United States","nameEs":"Estados Unidos","nameFr":"États-Unis","isoCode":"US","region":"United States"},"roundedNRank":"NNR","elementSubnationals":[{"elementSubnationalId":858316,"subnation":{"id":12,"nameEn":"Florida","nameEs":"Florida","nameFr":"Floride","subnationCode":"FL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1S2","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":858316,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895748,"subnation":{"id":2,"nameEn":"Alabama","nameEs":"Alabama","nameFr":"Alabama","subnationCode":"AL","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895748,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895752,"subnation":{"id":34,"nameEn":"North Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Norte","nameFr":"Caroline du Nord","subnationCode":"NC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895752,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895749,"subnation":{"id":14,"nameEn":"Georgia","nameEs":"Georgia","nameFr":"Géorgie","subnationCode":"GA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"SNR","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"SNR","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895749,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895750,"subnation":{"id":23,"nameEn":"Louisiana","nameEs":"Louisiana","nameFr":"Louisiane","subnationCode":"LA","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895750,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895751,"subnation":{"id":32,"nameEn":"Mississippi","nameEs":"Mississippi","nameFr":"Mississippi","subnationCode":"MS","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895751,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":895753,"subnation":{"id":48,"nameEn":"South Carolina","nameEs":"Carolina del Sur","nameFr":"Caroline du Sud","subnationCode":"SC","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":895753,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}},{"elementSubnationalId":858317,"subnation":{"id":51,"nameEn":"Texas","nameEs":"Texas","nameFr":"Texas","subnationCode":"TX","dnationId":225},"roundedSRank":"S1","dataSensitive":{"id":2,"dataSensitiveDescEn":"No","dataSensitiveDescEs":null,"dataSensitiveDescFr":null,"dataSensitiveCode":"N"},"dataSensitiveCategory":null,"srank":"S1","speciesSubnational":{"elementSubnationalId":858317,"hybrid":false,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"nrankReviewYear":null,"nrank":"NNR","speciesNational":{"elementNationalId":163904,"exotic":false,"native":true}}],"lastModified":"2026-10-02T21:32:47.748996Z","lastPublished":"2026-10-02T21:32:08.892226Z","promotionalDescription":null,"conceptLineageSummary":null,"nsxUrl":"/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100167/Pristis_pectinata","grankAdjustmentReasons":null,"grankChangeDate":"2001-05-03","grankReviewDate":"2003-04-08","grankReasons":"Widespread in the Atlantic Ocean, distribution elsewhere is uncertain; historically ranged in the western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina (rarely New York), Bermuda, and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; now rare in the U.S., though this population appears to be the largest in the western Atlantic; vulnerable to overexploitation due to high propensity for entanglement in net gear, restricted habitat, and low intrinsic rate of increase; available evidence indicates a large decline in North America, likely due mainly to incidental commercial catch but habitat degradation probably also is involved; current range-wide status is poorly documented, hence the rank of G1G3 (species definitely warrants conservation concern, and perhaps is critically imperiled rangewide).","grank":"G1G3","rankInfo":{"elementGlobalId":100167,"aooPercentGood":null,"enviromentalSpecificity":null,"intrinsicVulnerability":{"id":1,"intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEn":"Highly vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescEs":"Altamente vulnerable","intrinsicVulnerabilityDescFr":"Très vulnérable"},"longTermTrend":{"id":1,"longTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of >90%","longTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de >90%.","longTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de >90 %"},"numberEos":null,"numberGoodEos":null,"numberProtEos":null,"popSize":null,"rangeExtent":{"id":36,"rangeExtentDescEn":"Unknown","rangeExtentDescEs":"Desconocido","rangeExtentDescFr":"Inconnu"},"shortTermTrend":{"id":5,"shortTermTrendDescEn":"Decline of >30%","shortTermTrendDescEs":"Disminución de >30%.","shortTermTrendDescFr":"Diminution de >30 %"},"threatImpactAssigned":{"id":2,"threatImpactAssignedDescEn":"Very high - high","threatImpactAssignedDescEs":"Muy alto - alto","threatImpactAssignedDescFr":"Très élevé — élevé"},"rangeExtentComments":"Historical range reportedly included marine habitats in parts of the eastern Pacific Ocean, western and eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Indo-Pacific, and Red Sea, and freshwater habitats in North, Central, and South America, Africa, and India (NMFS 2000). However, reports of this species from outside the Atlantic may be based on misidentifications of other pristids (NMFS 2001, 2003; Faria et al. 2013). Historical distribution in the eastern Atlantic was along the west coast of Afica; in the western Atlantic Ocean, the range extended from North Carolina (rarely New York), Bermuda, and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Robins and Ray 1986); probably not a permanent resident north of Florida (NMFS 2000); prior to around 1960, commonly occurred as far north as the Gulf of Mexico and North Carolina (NMFS 2003). Current distribution is centered on Everglades National Park, including Florida Bay (NMFS 2001, 2003). The depleted U.S. population may be the largest population in the western Atlantic (NMFS 2001). In the last 10 years, there has been only one confirmed record of a smalltooth sawfish outside of U.S. waters, in Sierra Leone, west Africa, in 2003 (M. Diop, pers. comm., cited by NMFS 2013). Two other countries have recently reported sawfish (Guinea Bissau, Africa in 2011, and Mauritania in 2010), but these reports did not specify them as smalltooth sawfish (NMFS 2013).","areaOfOccupancy":null,"areaOfOccupancyComments":null,"numberEosComments":null,"popSizeComments":null,"viabilityComments":null,"threatImpactComments":"Commercial bycatch played the primary role in the decline of this DPS. Quantitative data are limited but indicate that smalltooth sawfish have been taken by commercial fishermen and that this species has experienced severe declines in its abundance (NMFS 2003). Recreational harvest also may have had a significant impact (Simpfendorfer 2002) but is not now a significant threat (NMFS 2003). <br><br>Loss and degradation of habitat is judged to have impacted the distribution and abundance of smalltooth sawfish. The<br>continued urbanization of the southeastern coastal states has resulted in substantial loss of coastal habitat through such activities as agricultural and urban development, commercial activities, dredge and fill operations, boating, erosion, and diversions of freshwater run-off. Animal wastes and fertilizers from agricultural runoff contribute large amounts of non-point source nutrient loading and introduce a wide range of toxic chemicals into habitats important to smalltooth<br>sawfish. The rate of urban development in the southeast coastal zone is more than four times the national average,<br>destroying or degrading significant amounts of coastal and estuarine habitat. Commercial activities in the southeast eliminate or degrade substantial amounts of marine and estuarine fish habitat, although the exact amount is unknown. An analysis of 18 major southeastern estuaries recorded over 703 miles (1,131 km) of navigation channels and 9,844 miles (15,842 km) of shoreline modifications. Profound impacts to hydrological regimes have been produced in South Florida throughthe construction of a 1,400-mile (2,253- km) network of canals, levees, locks, and other water control structures that modulate freshwater flow from Lake Okeechobee, the Everglades, and other coastal areas. Potential detrimental impacts from the activities listed above on habitat of the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish include: (1) loss of wetlands, (2) eutrophication, (3) point and non-point sources of pollution, (4) increased sedimentation and turbidity, and (5) hydrologic modifications. Smalltooth sawfish may be especially vulnerable to coastal habitat degradation due to their affinity for shallow, estuarine systems. The cumulative impacts from habitat degradation discussed above may<br>reduce habitat quality and limit habitat quantity available to the species. Given current low levels of abundance, and its<br>current retracted range, efforts need to be undertaken to better understand, avoid, minimize and mitigate these factors. [from NMFS 2003]<br><br>The scope, severity, and immediacy values refer to overexploitation (commercial bycatch) of the U.S. distinct population segment.","shortTermTrendComments":"Anecdotal evidence, negative scientific survey data, and catch records indicate a dramatic decline in recent decades in North America (NMFS 2000, 2001, 2003). Population in Everglades National Park may have been stable in the 1990s (Simpfendorfer 2002).","longTermTrendComments":"Regarded as common in inshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic in the late 1800s and early 1900s (see Simpfendorfer 2002). Wholly or nearly extirpated from large areas of the former range in the North Atlantic (Mediterranean, U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) and the southwestern Atlantic; status elsewhere is uncertain but likely similarly reduced (NMFS 2001). Abundance in the United States likely is less than 5% of historical level (Simpfendorfer 2002).","inventoryNeeds":null,"numberProtEosComments":"According to NMFS (2003), current protective measures and conservation efforts underway to protect the U.S. DPS of smalltooth sawfish are confined to: actions directed at increasing general awareness of this species and the risks it faces; possession prohibitions in the state waters of Florida and Louisiana; and research being pursued by the Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for Shark Research. There are no Federal or state conservation plans for the smalltooth sawfish.<br><br>Protected in Everglades National Park, Florida, and by various Florida state regulations (Simpfendorfer 2002).","protectionNeeds":null,"otherConsiderations":null,"intrinsicVulnerabilityComments":"Based on the low intrinsic rate of increase, resulting from their slow growth, late maturation, and low<br>fecundity, population recovery potential for the species is limited.","enviromentalSpecificityComments":null},"animalCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":100167,"majorHabitat":{"id":1,"majorHabitatDescEn":"Marine","majorHabitatDescEs":"Marino","majorHabitatDescFr":"Marine"},"nonMigrant":false,"localMigrant":false,"longDistanceMigrant":false,"mobilityMigrationComments":"Along the U.S. Atlantic coast, adults may migrate northward with warming temperatures in spring and southward with cooling temperatures in fall (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953).","foodHabitsComments":null,"animalPhenologyComments":null,"colonialBreeder":false,"length":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"animalPhenologies":[],"animalFoodHabits":[]},"occurrenceDelineations":[{"eoSpecsDetailId":-1,"locationUseClass":null,"eoSpecGroupName":"Default","subtypes":null,"inferredExtentDistance":null,"inferredExtentNotes":null,"minimumEoCriteria":null,"mappingGuidance":null,"separationBarriers":null,"separationDistanceUnsuitableHabitatat":1.0,"separationDistanceSuitableHabitatat":1.0,"altSeparationProcedure":null,"separationJustification":null,"versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.251048Z"}],"plantCharacteristics":null,"elementManagement":{"elementGlobalId":100167,"eoManagementGroupName":null,"stewardshipOverview":null,"impacts":null,"restorationPotential":null,"siteConservationPlansConsidered":null,"managementMethods":"Corridors of suitable habitat needed to be provided between exisiting populations and areas where reestablishment of populations might be possible; mortality in commercial fisheries should be reduced (Simpfendorfer 2002).","monitoringMethods":null,"managementProgramContacts":null,"monitoringProgramContacts":null,"managementResearchPrograms":null,"managementResearchNeeds":"Information is needed on current abundance and distribution, trends, life history, essential habitat and habitat use (especially of altered habitats), movements, ecological role, and sources of fisheries mortality (Simpfendorfer 2002).","biologicalResearchNeeds":null,"additionalTopics":null},"occurrenceViabilities":[{"eoRankSpecsDetailId":101755,"eoRankSpecsGroupName":null,"locationUseClass":{"id":1,"locationUseClassDescEn":"Not applicable","locationUseClassDescEs":"No se aplica","locationUseClassDescFr":"Sans objet","displayOrder":1},"excellentViability":null,"goodViability":null,"fairViability":null,"poorViability":null,"viabilityJustification":"Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).<br>The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.","versionDate":null,"versionAuthor":null,"versionNotes":null,"lastModified":"2020-05-14T02:15:07.499543Z"}],"references":[{"id":110535,"citation":"Bigelow, H. B., and W. C. Schroeder, 1953. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Memoirs of the Sears Memorial Foundation for Marine Research 1:1-514.","shortCitationAuthor":"Bigelow and Schroeder","shortCitationYear":1953,"referenceCode":"B53BIG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":722470,"citation":"Faria, V. V., M. T. McDavitt, P. Charvet, T. R. Wiley, C. A. Simpfendorfer, and G.J.P. Naylor. 2013. Species delineation and global population structure of critically endangered sawfishes (Pristidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167:136-164.","shortCitationAuthor":"Faria et al.","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"A13FAR01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":155841,"citation":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 10 March 2000g. 90-day finding for a petition to list North American populations of smalltooth sawfish and largetooth sawfish as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Federal Register 65(48):12959-12962.","shortCitationAuthor":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)","shortCitationYear":2000,"referenceCode":"A00MFS03NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":132816,"citation":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 16 April 2001. Proposed endangered status for a distinct population segment of smalltooth sawfish (<i>Pristis pectinata</i>) in the United States. Federal Register 66(73):19414-19420.","shortCitationAuthor":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)","shortCitationYear":2001,"referenceCode":"A01MFS04NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":157565,"citation":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1 April 2003. Final endangered status for a distinct population segment of smalltooth sawfish (<i>Pristis pectinata</i>) in the United States. Federal Register 68(62):15674-15680.","shortCitationAuthor":"NMFS","shortCitationYear":2003,"referenceCode":"A03MFS02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":722471,"citation":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 4 June 2013. 12-month finding and proposed endangered listing of five species of sawfish under the Endangered Species Act. Federal Register 78(107):33300-33324.","shortCitationAuthor":"NMFS","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"A13NMF01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":379642,"citation":"Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. 386 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Nelson et al.","shortCitationYear":2004,"referenceCode":"B04NEL01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":756145,"citation":"Page, L. M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, R. L. Mayden, and J. S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Seventh edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda, Maryland.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2013,"referenceCode":"B13PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.282291Z"},{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. American Fisheries Society (AFS), Special Publication 37, Bethesda, Maryland, 439 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Page et al.","shortCitationYear":2023,"referenceCode":"B23PAG01NAUS","lastModified":"2024-08-02T21:41:01.515075Z"},{"id":139175,"citation":"Robins, C. R., and G. C. Ray. 1986. A Field Guide to Atlantic Coast Fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. 354 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Robins and Ray","shortCitationYear":1986,"referenceCode":"B86ROB02NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":132833,"citation":"Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 20. 183 pp.","shortCitationAuthor":"Robins et al.","shortCitationYear":1991,"referenceCode":"B91ROB01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T14:20:12.297935Z"},{"id":103960,"citation":"Simpfendorfer, C. A. 2002. Smalltooth sawfish: the USA's first endangered elasmobranch? Endangered Species Update 19(3):53-57.","shortCitationAuthor":"Simpfendorfer","shortCitationYear":2002,"referenceCode":"A02SIM01NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":624650,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 16 November 2005. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants;addition of White Abalone and the United States Distinct Vertebrate Population Segment of the Smalltooth Sawfish to the list of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. Federal Register 70(220):69464-69466.","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2005,"referenceCode":"N05FWS05NAUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T18:12:09.803862Z"},{"id":622778,"citation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2007. Conference of the parties to the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES); amendments to appendices I and II adopted by the conference of the party to CITES at its fourteenth regular meeting (CoP14). Federal Register 72(155):45260-45264.","shortCitationAuthor":"USFWS","shortCitationYear":2007,"referenceCode":"N07FWS03EHUS","lastModified":"2020-02-25T15:58:32.058189Z"}],"otherCommonNames":[],"speciesGlobal":{"elementGlobalId":100167,"cites":{"id":1,"citesDescEn":"Appendix I","citesDescEs":"Apéndice I","citesDescFr":"Annexe I"},"cosewic":null,"fwsRegion":null,"genusSize":{"id":3,"genusSizeDescEn":"Small genus","genusSizeDescEs":"Género pequeño","genusSizeDescFr":"Petit genre"},"jurisEndem":null,"nomenclaturallyEst":null,"usesa":{"id":1,"usesaDescEn":"Endangered","usesaDescEs":"Catalogado como en peligro de extinción","usesaDescFr":"En voie de disparition","usesaCode":"E"},"informalTaxonomy":{"informalTaxonomyId":10,"level1":"Animals","level2":"Vertebrates","level3":"Fishes - Marine Bony and Cartilaginous; Hagfishes","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"parentId":2,"distributionStatus":"not","displayOrder":1130},"parentSpecies":null,"infraspecies":false,"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Craniata","taxclass":"Chondrichthyes","taxorder":"Rhinopristiformes","family":"Pristidae","genus":"Pristis","americanFisheriesStatus":null,"americanFisheriesStatusDate":null,"saraStatus":null,"saraStatusDate":null,"cosewicDate":null,"interpretedCosewic":null,"cosewicComments":null,"usesaDate":"2013-06-04","interpretedUsesa":null,"usesaComments":"The U.S. Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of smalltooth sawfish <i>P. pectinata</i> is listed Endangered (NMFS 2013). The non-U.S. DPS is listed Endangered (NMFS 2014). In 2024, NMFS announced the initiation of a 5-year review for the non- U.S. DPS.","completeDistribution":true,"synonyms":[],"infraspeciesList":[],"ebarId":null,"ebarCanadianScope":false,"ebarGlobalScope":false,"ebarKbaGroup":"Fishes","caGeneralStatusId":null},"speciesCharacteristics":{"elementGlobalId":100167,"reproductionComments":"Slow growing, late maturing, low fecundity.","ecologyComments":null,"habitatComments":"Shallow coastal, estuarine, and fresh waters; often in brackish water near river mouths and large embayments, in deeper holes on bottoms of mud or muddy sand (NMFS 2000). Mature individuals regularly occur in waters deeper than 50 m (Simpfendorfer 2002).","generalDescription":null,"diagnosticCharacteristics":null,"speciesMarineHabitats":[{"cagMarineHabId":-100180,"marineHabitat":{"id":3,"marineHabitatDescEn":"Near shore","marineHabitatDescEs":"Cercano a la costa","marineHabitatDescFr":"Côtier","displayOrder":3}}],"speciesTerrestrialHabitats":[],"speciesRiverineHabitats":[],"speciesPalustrineHabitats":[],"speciesLacustrineHabitats":[],"speciesSubterraneanHabitats":[],"speciesEstuarineHabitats":[{"cagEstuarineHabId":-100144,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":1,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Bay/sound","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Bahía/Estrecho","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Baie/détroit","displayOrder":1}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-100145,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":2,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"River mouth/tidal river","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Desembocadura del río/río de marea","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Embouchure/rivière à marées","displayOrder":2}},{"cagEstuarineHabId":-100146,"estuarineHabitat":{"id":3,"estuarineHabitatDescEn":"Lagoon","estuarineHabitatDescEs":"Laguna","estuarineHabitatDescFr":"Lagune","displayOrder":3}}]},"primaryReference":{"id":1139849,"citation":"Page, L. M., K. E. Bemis, T. E. Dowling, H.S. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, K. E. Hartel, R. N. Lea, N. E. Mandrak, M. A. Neigbors, J. J. Schmitter-Soto, and H. J. Walker, Jr. 2023. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Eighth edition. 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